According to the environmental legislation of the Russian Federation, special protection. Russian legislation in the field of environmental safety and environmental protection. Norms of permissible withdrawal of natural resources

Environmental protection natural environment, as they recently said, the protection of nature is necessary for every state. The natural environment is those ecosystems in which the citizens of a particular country live, and they
first queue interested in clean air and water, in non-toxic food. The environment has to be protected from pollution by agricultural and industrial enterprises, from household wastewaters of each large settlement... So environmental laws are always laws to restrict human activities in a given area. The environment must also be protected from outside encroachments, so that foreigners do not seize the natural resources that historically (by right of residence) belong to a particular people. All this is true, and, however, in all this reasoning there are many contradictions.

Introductory chapter What is ecology?

Chapter I Environmental factors and resources

Chapter II Ecology of an individual (autecology)

Chapter III Fundamentals of the theory of population

Chapter IV Biocenoses, ecosystems, biosphere

Chapter V Ecosystems of urbanized landscapes

Chapter VI Biocenotic laws of urban evolution

Chapter VII Laws of Ecology and Human Activity

Chapter VIII Environmental legislation of Russia

Application

We already know that a person is not opposed to his environment, he is a part of it. It does not need special protection, because the main components of the cycle of substances are not "served" by humans
and by no means higher organisms, but an immense multitude of the most primitive organisms, the limits of tolerance and adaptability of which are unusually large. So the protection of the environment always comes down to the regulation of the environment-transforming human activity, and there is no need to talk about citizens here, they are not able to destroy their own habitat. It is destroyed by public structures, which most often do not heed the calls of citizens. Therefore, one cannot say that the environment has been transferred into the possession of some people and is its property. You can waste your wealth! The natural environment destroyed in some local place on the planet is a threat to the entire population of the Earth.

So, a person cannot use the environment as his property, being himself a part of the natural environment. A citizen is not able to sufficiently damage his environment, and society is able to do this without his knowledge and consent. Arbitrary and full use of the resources of the natural environment is practically impossible. However, every state needs a Law on Environmental Protection. Our state adopted the Law of the RSFSR in 1963"On nature protection" ... With the state reforms, it became obsolete by 1985. Instead, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation adopted on December 19, 1991 the Law of the Russian Federation "On environmental protection " ... Before that, we did not have general law
in the field of environmental protection.

The 1991 law was characterized by the following main features:

1. This is a complex, headline legislative act of direct action. It performs three tasks: a) preservation of the natural environment; b) prevention of harmful influence economic activity on her; c) improvement and improvement of the quality of the environment. The direct effect of the law is expressed in the fact that its norms operate without additional acts - decrees, instructions, regulations, etc.

2. The law determines the measure of a reasonable combination of environmental and economic interests with the priority of protecting human health. That is, the maximum permissible standards for the impact of economic activity on the environment are established, the excess of which creates a danger to human health.

3. The law formulates the environmental requirements of a person, as a species, to sources of harmful effects on the natural environment.

4. The central theme of the law is a person, the protection of his life and health from the adverse effects of the external environment. That is, ultimately, it is a law on the protection of a person. A person is considered in two aspects: as a subject influencing the environment and responsible for the consequences of his actions; and also as an object of influence, endowed with rights and guarantees for compensation for harm caused.

5. The mechanisms for fulfilling the requirements of the Law are indicated. They consist of stimulating environmental protection in combination with measures of administrative and legal pressure on violators. Measures of such impact are economic mechanisms for protecting the natural environment: environmental expertise, environmental control, powers to limit, suspend, terminate the activity of environmentally harmful objects, administrative, criminal liability, compensation for harm caused by violation of the law, environmental education and training.

According to the text of the Law, nature and itswealth are national heritage of peoples Russia, natural the basis of their sustainable socio-economic development and human well-being. This should not be understood as an opportunity for the peoples inhabiting the country to arbitrarily and fully use all the natural resources of their territory, hiding behind slogans of national interests or acute political moments experienced by society.

The law contained 15 sections, divided into 94 articles.

On December 20, 2001, the State Duma adopted the Federal Law “ On environmental protection ".

In terms of volume, it has changed little and contains 14 chapters, divided into 84 articles.

To the first chapter The law still includes general provisions. It outlines the tasks of the environmental legislation of the Russian Federation, consisting of the regulation of relations between society and nature in order to preserve natural resources and the natural environment in the interests of the present and future generations of people.

At the beginning, the basic concepts are given: environment, natural environment, components of the natural environment, natural object, natural-anthropogenic object, anthropogenic object, natural complex. In addition, the quality of the environment is determined: favorable environment, negative impact on the environment. It also defines natural resources, environmental pollution and standards for its quality, as well as monitoring, control in the field of protection, environmental audit, as well as harm to the environment, environmental risk, and the concept of environmental safety is given. The latter, however, like many other concepts, was determined, apparently, without the participation of ecologists, so the ecological meaning remains not entirely clear.

It also formulates the basic principles of environmental protection, which should be guided by any individual and legal entity on the territory of the country. Here is some of them:

observance of the human right to a healthy environment;

ensuring favorable conditions for human life;

scientifically grounded combinations of environmental, economic interests and social interests of individuals, society and the state in order to ensure sustainable development and a favorable environment;

responsibility of authorities state power RF, constituent entities of the RF, authorities local government for ensuring a favorable environment and ecological safety in the respective territories;

payment for the use of natural resources and compensation for damage to the environment;

independence of control in the field of the environment;

presumption of environmental hazard of the planned economic and other activity;

mandatory environmental impact assessment when making decisions on the implementation of economic and other activities;

In general, this chapter guarantees human rights to a favorable environment, ensuring favorable living conditions, as well as the responsibility of public authorities and the obligation to conduct state ecological expertise... The priority of preserving natural ecological systems has also been agreed. Introduces the obligation to participate in environmental protection activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government, public and other non-profit associations of legal and individuals.

The last article of this chapter lists the objects of environmental protection. These are lands, bowels, soils, surface and underground waters, and, in addition, atmospheric air, ozone layer of the atmosphere
and near-earth space. Of living nature, these are forests
and other vegetation, animals and other organisms and their genetic fund.

Natural ecological systems, natural landscapes and natural complexes that have not been subjected to anthropogenic impact are subject to protection as a matter of priority.

Objects included in the List of World Cultural Heritage and the List of World Natural Heritage are subject to special protection,
as well as state natural reserves, including biosphere, state nature reserves, natural monuments, national natural and dendrological parks, botanical gardens, health-improving areas and resorts, other natural complexes, original habitat, places of traditional residence and economic activities of indigenous people of the peoples of the Russian Federation, objects of special nature conservation, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, recreational and other valuable value, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as rare or endangered soils, forests and other vegetation, animals and other organisms and their habitats.

In the second chapter are given foundations of management in the field of environmental protection. Here in with articles from 5 to 10 regulate the powers of state and local authorities in the field of relations related to security, the delimitation of these powers.

In the third chapter stipulates the rights and obligations of citizens, public and other non-profit associations in the field of environmental protection. Here, Article 11 again declares the right of citizens to a favorable environment, and lists the rights of citizens to create public associations, send appeals to the authorities, take part in meetings and rallies, put forward a proposal and file complaints, and sue. They are obliged to do relatively little: to preserve nature, to treat it with care and to comply with legislation.

Article 12 regulates the participation of organizations in environmental activities, and the latter, 13, article of this chapter specifies the system of state measures to ensure the rights to a healthy environment.

V fourth chapter The law, as in the previous one, proposes economic mechanisms for protecting the natural environment, their tasks, planning and resource accounting. The limits for the use of natural resources, payment for the use of resources, environmental insurance, environmental funds and economic incentives for environmental protection are also determined here. Chapters 14 to 18 detail the methods of economic regulation, and federal programs in the field of environmental development, and entrepreneurial activities carried out in order to protect the environment.

In the fifth chapter the regulation of the quality of the natural environment is determined. It's no secret that the current natural environment is often so polluted that it negatively affects all living things. First of all, it highlights the requirements for the development of environmental standards. All standards for maximum permissible doses and levels of contamination, as well as environmental requirements for products are considered in this section in articles 19 to 31.

Chapter Six consists of only two articles and contains a description of the environmental impact assessment procedure and the procedure forecological expertise. Its goals have been determined, and the obligatory nature of such an examination is introduced when making any economic decisions. The objects of the state ecological expertise, the obligatory nature of the public ecological expertise are considered, and both the responsibility for failure to comply with the requirements of the expertise and the responsibility of experts are determined.

The most voluminousseventh chapter The law defines environmental requirements for the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of enterprises, structures and other facilities. It lists the rules for storage, use and destruction of chemical, biological, industrial and household waste, protection of the ozone layer of the Earth. This chapter contains articles 32 to 56, and at the end, the possible suspension of activity is specified if it is carried out in violation of the requirements specified in this chapter.

V eighth chapter in just one article the procedure for establishing zones of ecological disaster is described and emergency ecological situations are considered. Signs have been identified that distinguish territories as zones of an ecological emergency and zones of ecological disaster, and measures are given to eliminate such zones and ways of financing these expensive measures.

Special ninth chapter The law focuses on natural objects under special protection. It describes the protection measures and its legal regime, the nature reserve fund of the Russian Federation, state nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks and natural monuments. Rare and endangered species of organisms and green areas around cities and towns are also subject to special protection. .

State nature reserve is considered a natural complex intended for the preservation or reproduction of certain species natural resources combined with the limited and coordinated use of other types of natural resources.

National natural parks are called specially protected natural complexes withdrawn from economic use, having ecological, genetic, scientific, ecological and educational, recreational significance, as typical or rare landscapes, habitat of communities of wild plants and animals, places of recreation, tourism, excursions, education of the population ...

Natural monuments individual unique natural objects and natural complexes of relict, scientific, historical, ecological and educational significance and in need of special state protection.

Around cities and industrial settlements stand outsuburban green zones , including forest park protective belts, as areas that perform environmental (environment-forming, ecological), sanitary and hygienic and recreational functions.

It should be noted that all the provisions on these territories, protected species of organisms and green areas surrounding human settlements are similar to the same ones that have long been adopted in almost all enlightened countries, regardless of their economic level.

V tenth chapter article 63 describes state environmental monitoring. The order of its organization is established by the government of the Russian Federation, the results are also used by the government. The availability of these results for citizens is not specified in the article.

Chapter eleven The law is devoted to environmental control over the state of the environment. Its tasks and significance are explained, the hierarchy of the control service is introduced - state, industrial, public. Undoubtedly, state controlling officials have much more rights than public controlling organizations. Public control in this chapter, consisting of 6 articles, has only two positions in article 68.

Instead of a special section devoted to environmental education and education of the country's citizens, two separate chapters appeared.

Chapter twelve regulates scientific research in the field of environmental protection. Her only article lists only possible goals for which scientific research can be carried out. So this chapter turned out to be significantly curtailed in comparison with the previous law. .

The new chapter that appeared in this version of the Law - Chapter 13, is devoted to the foundations of the formation of ecological culture. It is represented by four articles, and since only they in the text of the Law are related to teaching ecology and environmental education, we will cite the entire chapter.

Section 71. The universality and complexity of environmental education.

In order to form an environmental culture and professional training of specialists in the field of environmental protection, a system of universal and comprehensive environmental education is established, including preschool and general education, secondary vocational and higher professional education, postgraduate professional education, professional retraining and professional development of specialists, as well as the dissemination of environmental knowledge, including through the media, museums, libraries, cultural institutions, environmental institutions, sports and tourism organizations.

Article 72. Teaching the basics of environmental knowledge in educational institutions.

1. In preschool educational institutions, general education institutions and educational institutions additional education regardless of their profile and organizational and legal forms, the teaching of the basics of environmental knowledge is carried out.

2. In accordance with the profile of educational institutions carrying out vocational training and professional development of specialists, teaching is provided academic disciplines on environmental protection, ecological safety and rational use of natural resources.

Article 73. Training of heads of organizations and specialists in the field of environmental protection and ecological safety.

1. Heads of organizations and specialists responsible for making decisions in the implementation of economic and other activities that have or may have a negative impact on the environment should be trained in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety.

2. Training of heads of organizations and specialists in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety, responsible for decision-making in the implementation of economic and other activities that have or may have a negative impact on the environment, is carried out in accordance with the legislation.

Section 74 . Environmental education.

1. In order to form an ecological culture in society, foster a respectful attitude towards nature, rational use natural resources, environmental education is carried out through the dissemination of environmental knowledge about environmental safety, information about the state of the environment and the use of natural resources.

2. Environmental education, including informing the population about the legislation in the field of environmental protection and legislation in the field of environmental safety, is carried out by the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, public associations, the media, and also educational institutions, cultural institutions, museums, libraries, environmental institutions, sports and tourism organizations, and other legal entities.

Thus, unlike the previous law, the new one significantly strengthens the state component and no longer stipulates in such detail the rights of citizens and their priority. Despite the fact that information support for citizens in the field of environmental quality has been left, the role of the Government of the Russian Federation in organizing a system of universal and continuous environmental education and education for all citizens of the country is completely excluded. This was to be carried out by specially authorized state bodies of the Russian Federation, providing the population with environmental information and participating in the organization of universal continuous environmental education and training. In the republics, autonomous regions and districts, in the territories, regions and local self-government bodies, the organization of universal environmental education, upbringing and enlightenment was necessarily prescribed by law as a necessary attribute of environmental protection. Unfortunately, very little of these provisions has remained, which has made it possible, since the adoption of this new law, to practically curtail the teaching of ecology in educational institutions. We will return to this topic in chapter 13 of the Law.

Chapter fourteen The law deals with liability for environmental offenses. First of all, the types of such responsibility are listed. It provides for disciplinary, financial and administrative responsibility. There is also an article on criminal liability for environmental crimes... It is stipulated that disputes in the field of environmental protection are resolved in judicial procedure in accordance with the law.

The obligation of full compensation for damage to the environment and the procedure for compensation for damage caused by violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection are stipulated. In addition, it provides for compensation for harm caused to the health and property of citizens as a result of violation of the law, as well as requirements to restrict, suspend or even terminate the activities of persons carried out in violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection.

In the fourteenth chapter The law discusses compensation for damage caused by an environmental offense. It is supposed to compensate such damage in full in the form of adequate material compensation, or in kind, in the form of restoration of the natural environment. Variants of compensation for harm caused by a source of increased danger to the health of citizens or their property are considered, methods of claims for the termination of environmentally harmful activities are stipulated.

Provided in fifteenth chapter The law and the international cooperation in the field of environmental protection. It states that the Russian Federation carries out international cooperation in the field of environmental protection in accordance with generally recognized principles and norms. international law .

Unfortunately, the definitions of specially protected areas have been removed from the Law. We quote these definitions from the text of the previous Law. Here they are: " State nature reserves are considered permanently withdrawn from economic use and not subject to withdrawal for any other purpose, especially protected by law, natural complexes (land, mineral resources, waters, flora and fauna), which have environmental, scientific, ecological and educational significance, as standards of the natural environment , typical or rare landscapes, places of conservation of the genetic fund of plants and animals ”.

There, the scientists leading such developments were provided with state support, and they were members of expert councils, giving conclusions on the environmental expertise of projects, participated in solving practical problems of rational environmental management, and shaping the ecological culture of society. And, most importantly, they carried personal responsibility for the scientific results of their developments.

Environmental offenses were listed in the text of the previous Law, here are some of them:

- non-observance of standards, norms and other norms of the quality of the natural environment;

- pollution of the natural environment and causing harm as a result of this to human health, flora and fauna, property of citizens and legal entities;

- damage, damage and destruction of natural objects, including natural monuments, depletion and destruction of natural reserves and natural ecological systems;

- violation of the established procedure or rules for obtaining, collecting, storing, selling, buying, acquiring, exchanging, sending, importing and exporting objects of flora and fauna, products from them, as well as botanical, zoological and mineralogical collections abroad;

- exceeding the established standards of maximum permissible levels and concentrations harmful substances;

- untimely or distorted information, refusal to provide timely, complete and reliable information about the state of the natural environment and the radiation situation.

Unfortunately, they are omitted in the text of the Law, but we remind them from the text of the previous Law. These principles boil down to the following:

- everyone has the right to live in the most favorable environmental conditions;

- every state has the right to use the natural environment and natural resources for development purposes and to meet the needs of its citizens;

- the ecological well-being of one state cannot be ensured at the expense of other states or without taking into account their interests;

- economic activity carried out on the territory of the state should not damage the natural environment both within and outside its jurisdiction;

- any types of economic and other activities are unacceptable, environmental impact which are unpredictable;

- control should be established at the global, regional and national levels over the state and changes in the environment and natural resources on the basis of internationally recognized criteria and parameters;

- a free and unimpeded international exchange of scientific and technical information on environmental problems and advanced nature-saving technologies should be ensured;

- States should provide each other with assistance in environmental emergencies;

- all disputes related to environmental problems should be resolved only by peaceful means.

These fundamental principles of international cooperation are most often violated under the pretext of national interests or state secrets.

The protection of the environment is the primary task of mankind, since the health and general well-being of people depends on its state. These provisions are established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation as the main rights of citizens. Accordingly, in Russia there are many legislative documents regulating various spheres of activity of both the state and society in order to protect the environment.

What environmental laws are there in the Russian Federation?

The ecological situation in the Russian Federation is controlled by a large number of federal laws, government decrees and other legal acts, which are designed not only to control the state of the environment and restrict human activities in order to prevent its pollution and imbalance, but also to ensure the restoration of nature after climatic and man-made disasters. ... Let us briefly consider a number of basic laws from this area:

You will be interested: FZ 59 in the latest edition.

The main legislation in the field of ecology in the Russian Federation is Federal Law No. 7-FZ "On Environmental Protection" determining state policy in the environmental sphere in order to ensure favorable environmental conditions for living, preserve biological diversity and natural resources, as well as establish law enforcement measures in the field of environmental protection and optimal solutions to socio-economic problems of present and future generations.

You can learn more about the protection of the rights of legal entities

General provisions of the environmental law

Federal Law No. 7-FZ "On Environmental Protection" was adopted The State Duma in the third reading on December 20, 2001 and approved by the Federation Council on December 26 of the same year. The legislation was signed by the President of the Russian Federation and entered into force on January 10, 2002.

The law aims to ensure constitutional law citizens about a favorable environment and compliance with the implementation constitutional responsibilities for the protection of nature and the careful use of its resources. The legislation regulates the relationship between nature and society, which arise in the implementation of industrial, household and other activities that affect the environment.

FZ-7 consists of 84 articles and 16 chapters as follows:

Chapter 1 defines the basic principles of the law, and also classifies protected objects and pollutants;
Chapter 2 sets out the governance principles and powers of the various state authorities in the area of environmental protection;
Chapter 3 provides for the rights and obligations of citizens, organizations and various associations in the environmental sphere;
Chapter 4 describes the features of the economic support of environmental protection measures and organizations;
Chapter 5 establishes environmental standards for all types of activities that pollute the environment, as well as the permissible level of harmful emissions;
Chapter 6 defines the procedure for assessing the impact of humans and their activities on the environment;
Chapter 7 provides for environmental safety requirements for all types of economic, industrial and other activities affecting the environment, and also describes the rules for working with various substances hazardous to nature and human health;
Chapter 8 describes the procedure for establishing the status of zones of environmental disasters and emergencies, as well as work in these limited areas;
Chapter 9 establishes the status of special protected natural objects and natural reserves, as well as measures for the protection of these territories;
Chapter 9.1 separately defines the procedure for creating forest park green belts and their protection from illegal logging;
Chapter 10 provides for the procedure for monitoring in the field of environmental well-being;
Chapter 11 defines the rules for the implementation of state supervision in the field of environmental protection;
Chapter 12 describes the need for scientific research in the field of environmental safety;
Chapter 13 sets out the rules for fostering ecological culture;
Chapter 14 provides for liability measures for violation of the requirements of this legislation;
Chapter 14.1 defines the rules for eliminating accumulated environmental damage;
Chapter 15 describes the principles of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection;
Chapter 16 contains the final provisions on the entry into force and amendments of other legal documents in accordance with this legislation.

Economic, industrial and other types of activities that affect the state of the environment should be developed in accordance with the following principles:

observance of the constitutional rights of citizens to a favorable state of the environment;
creation of favorable conditions for the life of the population;
protection and wise use of natural resources;
the principle of paid use of environmental objects and its resources, as well as compensation for damage caused;
unbiased environmental supervision;
the principle of the presumption of a threat to the environmental safety of the planned activities;
mandatory assessment of the impact on the environment of economic and other types of human activity;
natural ecological systems, natural landscapes and complexes are preserved in the first place;
setting the permissible impact on the environment in the implementation of economic and industrial activities;
reducing the harmful impact on the environment as a result of human activities through the introduction of improved production technologies;
mandatory participation in environmental activities of all authorities and all citizens of the state;
conservation of biological diversity;
an integrated approach to environmental protection;
prohibition of activities that have a negative impact on the environment, and the impact of which cannot be foreseen;
universal availability of reliable information about the environment and planned activities related to its protection and restoration;
ecological education of the population in order to educate and form an ecological culture.

Cooperation with international environmental organizations and associations in order to unite efforts and coordinate actions aimed at environmental protection.

What changes have been made?

The last amendments to the legislation No. 7-ФЗ "On environmental protection" were made on December 31, 2017. During editing, the following changes were made:

Outlined in new edition Article 7 , providing for the powers of local self-government bodies in the field of environmental protection. The new version establishes the following provisions:

local municipal issues are measures to protect and restore the environment;
the local tasks of the urban district are environmental protection actions within the given district;
competence local authorities in cities federal significance and subjects of the Russian Federation can be transferred government organizations if there is a need to preserve a single urban economy, in accordance with local legislative documents;
political subjects of the Russian Federation and cities of federal significance independently determine the powers of intracity self-government bodies by appropriate legal acts.

In article 51, which establishes the requirements for the management of industrial and consumer waste, in the second paragraph on the definition of hazardous waste, it was limited to wastes of I-IV hazard classes.

Download the text of the law on environmental safety

For detailed information on the provisions Federal law No. 7-ФЗ dated 10.01.2002 "On Environmental Protection" it is recommended to download a document containing last changes, .

Also, to familiarize yourself with other laws on environmental safety, it is recommended to follow the following links:

Federal Law No. 174-FZ “On Environmental Expertise” - download.
Federal Law No. 89-FZ “On Production and Consumption Waste” - download.
Federal Law No. 52-FZ “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population” - download.
Federal Law No. 96-FZ “On the Protection of Atmospheric Air” - download.

All submitted documents contain amendments that are current for 2018.

2) laws and other regulations of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of nature management and environmental protection;

3) decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation;

4) normative acts of ministries and departments;

5) regulatory decisions of local government bodies.

1. Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993) proclaims the rights of citizens to land and other natural resources, to a favorable environment (ecological safety), to compensation for damage caused to his health, to participate in environmental organizations and public movements, to receive information about the state of the environment and measures for its protection. At the same time, the Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes the obligations of citizens to comply with the requirements of environmental legislation, to take part in the protection of the natural environment, to raise the level of knowledge about nature and ecological culture. The Constitution of the Russian Federation also defines the organizational and control functions of the higher and local authorities for the rational use and protection of natural resources.

2. Laws and other regulations of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of nature management and environmental protection.

Federal Law "On Environmental Protection"(2002) underlies the environmental legislation of the Russian Federation. The tasks of the environmental legislation of the Russian Federation are the regulation of relations in the field of interaction between society and nature in order to preserve natural resources and the natural environment of man, to prevent the environmentally harmful effects of economic and other activities, to improve and improve the quality of the surrounding natural environment. environment, strengthening the rule of law and order in the interests of the present and future generations of people.

This law covers all aspects of nature management and environmental protection, and the norms of other laws in the field of environmental protection should not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection".

Federal Law "On Environmental Expertise"(1995) regulates relations in the field of environmental expertise, is aimed at the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens of the Russian Federation to a favorable environment by preventing the negative impacts of economic and other activities on the natural environment and provides, in this part, the implementation of the constitutional law of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Federation for joint management with the Russian Federation of environmental protection and environmental safety.

Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Areas"(1995) regulates relations in the field of organization, protection and use of specially protected natural areas in order to preserve unique and typical natural complexes and objects, remarkable natural formations, objects of flora and fauna, their genetic fund, study natural processes in the biosphere and control changes in its state, ecological education of the population.

Federal Law "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air"(1999) establishes the legal framework for the protection of atmospheric air. Atmospheric air is a vital component of the natural environment, an integral part of the habitat of humans, plants and animals. The most important general measures for the protection of the air basin are called the establishment of standards for maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) and maximum permissible emissions (MPE), as well as payments for emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere.

Federal Law "On Radiation Safety of the Population"(1995) defines the legal basis for ensuring the radiation safety of the population in order to protect its health. It proclaims the principle of the priority of human health and the natural environment in the practical use and operation of objects of ionizing radiation. When radiation accident the law guarantees compensation for damage to health and property of citizens. The law also establishes compensation for the increased risk associated with living near nuclear and radiation installations, in the form of improving the social conditions of the population, etc.

Federal Law "On the Protection of the Population and Territories from Natural and Technogenic Emergencies"(1994) defines the legal basis for the protection of the population, territories and water areas in the event of natural and man-made emergencies.

Federal Law "On Production and Consumption Waste"(1998) defines the legal framework for the treatment of production and consumption wastes in order to prevent their harmful effects on human health and the natural environment, as well as the involvement of such wastes in economic circulation as additional sources of raw materials.

Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens(1993) regulate relations between citizens, public authorities and management, business entities, subjects of state, municipal and private health care systems in the field of public health protection.

Federal Law "On Subsoil"(1992) regulates legal relationship in the study, use and protection of subsoil. The law is aimed, first of all, at the rational use of subsoil and their pollution.

Land Code of the Russian Federation(2001) regulates the protection of land and the protection of the natural environment from possible harmful effects when using land. The main legal functions of land protection are the preservation and enhancement of soil fertility, the preservation of the fund of agricultural land. Environmental violations damage, pollution, contamination and depletion of land are considered. The Code regulates the sale and purchase of land and other land transactions.

Water Code of the Russian Federation(1995) regulates legal relations in the field of use and protection of water bodies. The law is aimed at protecting waters from pollution, contamination and depletion.

Forest Code of the Russian Federation(1997) regulates relations arising from the use of the forest fund of the Russian Federation in order to create conditions for the rational use, reproduction, protection and protection of forests, establishes the legal basis for the rational use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests , increasing their ecological and resource potential.

Federal Law "On Animal World"(1995) regulates relations in the field of protection and use of the animal world, as well as in the field of conservation and restoration of its habitat in order to ensure biological diversity, sustainable use of all its components, create conditions for the sustainable existence of the animal world , preservation of the genetic fund of wild animals and other protection of the animal world as an integral element of the natural environment.

3. Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation and decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation cover a wide range of environmental issues. For example, the Decree on the Concept of the Transition of the Russian Federation to Sustainable Development (1996).

4. Normative acts of environmental ministries and departments are published on the rational use and protection of the natural environment in the form of resolutions, instructions, orders, etc. They are obligatory for other ministries and departments, individuals and legal entities.

5. Regulatory decisions of local self-government bodies (city halls, rural and settlement bodies) supplement and con-retize the existing normative legal acts in the field of environmental protection.

Into the system legal protection nature of Russia includes four groups of legal measures:

1) legal regulation of relations on the use, conservation and renewal of natural resources;

2) organization of education and training of personnel, financing and material and technical support of environmental actions;

3) state and

public control over the implementation of environmental protection requirements;

4) legal responsibility of offenders.

In accordance with environmental legislation object legal protection is the natural environment - an objective reality that exists outside of a person and regardless of his consciousness, serving as a habitat, a condition and means of his existence.

Sources of environmental law recognized normative legal acts that contain legal regulations regulating environmental relations. These include laws, decrees, decrees and orders, regulations of ministries and departments, laws and regulations of the constituent entities of the Federation. Finally, among the sources of environmental law, an important place is occupied by international legal acts regulating internal environmental relations on the basis of the primacy of international law.

As a result of the last codification, a system of environmental legislation was formed, which is based on three fundamental normative acts: the Declaration of the First Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR on the state sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1990), the Declaration of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen (1991) and the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted as a result of a popular vote on December 12, 1993.

Environmental legislation system, guided by the ideas of the fundamental constitutional acts, includes two subsystems:

environmental
natural resource legislation.

In environmental legislation includes Federal Law No. 7-ФЗ dated January 10, 2002 "On Environmental Protection" and other legislative acts of a comprehensive legal regulation.

Into the subsystem of natural resource legislation includes: the Land Code of the Russian Federation (Federal Law No. 136 of October 25, 2001), the Law of the Russian Federation dated February 21, 1992, No. 2395-1 "On Subsoil", the Forestry Code of the Russian Federation (Federal Law No. 200 dated December 4, 2006), Water RF Code (Federal Law No. 74 of 06/03/2006), Federal Law No. 52-FZ of April 24, 1995 “On the Animal World”, as well as other legislative and regulatory acts.

In the Constitution of the Russian Federation reflects the main provisions of the environmental strategy of the state and the main directions of strengthening the environmental law and order. The Constitution of the Russian Federation introduces into scientific circulation the definition of human environmental activity in the field of interaction between society and nature: nature management, environmental protection, ensuring environmental safety.

Part 1 of Art. 9, which indicates that land and other natural resources in the Russian Federation are used and protected as the basis for the life and activities of the peoples living in the corresponding territory.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation contains two very important norms, one of which (Article 42) enshrines the right of every person to a favorable environment, reliable information about its condition and to compensation for damage caused to his health or property, and the other proclaims the right of citizens and legal entities on private ownership of land and other natural resources (part 2 of article 9). The first concerns the biological principles of man, the second - his material foundations of existence.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation also formalizes the organizational and legal relationship between the Federation and the subjects of the Federation. According to Art. 72 use, possession and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources, nature management, environmental protection and environmental safety are the joint competence of the Federation and the constituent entities of the Federation.

On the subject of its jurisdiction, the Russian Federation adopts federal laws, which are binding on the territory of the entire country. The subjects of the Federation have the right to their own regulation of environmental relations, including the adoption of laws and other regulations. The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes general rule: laws and other legal acts of the subjects of the Federation should not contradict federal laws. The provision of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is concretized in the sources of environmental law.

Federal Law "On Environmental Protection" defines the legal basis public policy in the field of environmental protection, ensuring a balanced solution to socio-economic problems, preserving a favorable environment, biological diversity and natural resources in order to meet the needs of present and future generations, strengthening the rule of law in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety.

The following legal provisions are enshrined in 16 chapters of the Law:

fundamentals of environmental management;
rights and obligations of citizens, public and other non-profit associations in the field of environmental protection;
economic regulation in the field of environmental protection;
rationing in the field of environmental protection;
environmental impact assessment and ecological expertise;
requirements in the field of environmental protection in the implementation of economic activities;
zones of ecological disasters, zones of emergency situations;
state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring);
control in the field of environmental protection (environmental control);
scientific research in the field of environmental protection;
the foundations of the formation of ecological culture;
international cooperation in the field of environmental protection.

Protecting human health and well-being is the ultimate goal of protecting the natural environment... Therefore, in the legislative acts aimed at protecting the health of citizens, environmental requirements occupy a leading place. In this sense, the source of environmental law is the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population." It regulates sanitary relations associated with health protection from the adverse effects of the external environment - industrial, household, natural. The environmental requirements expressed in the articles of the Law are at the same time sources of environmental law. For example, the norms of Art. 18 of the Law on burial, processing, neutralization and disposal of industrial and household waste, etc.

Another source of environmental law is the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation" dated November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ. There is a norm in it that provides environmental rights citizens. So, Art. 18 states that: “Everyone has the right to health care. The right to health protection is ensured by environmental protection ... "

Legal norms for the protection of nature and rational use of natural resources are also contained in other acts of the natural resource legislation of Russia. These include the Forestry Code of the Russian Federation, the Water Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On the Animal World", etc.

The range of environmental issues on which decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation can be issued is practically unlimited. Among them is the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 4, 1994, No. 238 "On the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development."

On the basis of and in pursuance of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, regulatory decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation issues decrees and orders, and is also responsible for their implementation. The decree of the Government of the Russian Federation is also a normative legal act. In accordance with Art. 114 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation The Government of the Russian Federation ensures the implementation in the Russian Federation of a unified state policy in the field of science, culture, education, healthcare, social security, ecology.

Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation on environmental issues can be divided into three groups.

The first group includes those that are adopted in pursuance of the law to concretize individual provisions.
The second group of regulations is intended to determine the competence of management and control bodies.
The third group of resolutions includes normative legal acts for further legal regulation of environmental relations.

Environmental ministries and departments are empowered to issue regulations within their competence. They are intended for mandatory execution by other ministries and departments, individuals and legal entities.

An important role is played by regulatory rules - sanitary, construction, technical and economic, technological etc. These include environmental quality standards: standards of permissible radiation, noise level, vibration, etc. These standards are technical regulations, and in this form they are not considered as sources of law. Departmental regulations can be canceled by the Government of the Russian Federation if they contradict the law. Acts come into force only after registration with the Ministry of Justice and publication in the newspaper Rossiiskie Vesti. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the constituent entities of the Federation also have the right to adopt laws and other normative legal acts on issues within their jurisdiction. Representative and executive authorities of republics, territories, regions, autonomous formations, cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, Sevastopol have the right to engage in normative activities.

The sphere of competence of the constituent entities of the Federation is determined by the sectoral legislative acts: on land use - by the Land Code of the Russian Federation, on subsoil - by the Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil", water use - by the Water Code of the Russian Federation, on the use of wildlife - by the Federal Law "On the Wildlife", on the natural environment - by the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection" ... This division of legal regulation is based on the attitude towards natural resources. The procedure for classifying natural resources as federal or otherwise is regulated by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on federal resources. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Art. 76) establishes laws and other normative legal acts of the constituent entities of the Federation should not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws. In the event of a conflict between regulations subjects of the Federation and articles of federal laws, the former are subject to cancellation by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation or a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. In addition to special normative legal acts of environmental content, in recent years, the greening of normative acts regulating the economic, economic and administrative activities enterprises. Under greening understand the introduction of environmental requirements into normative legal acts of non-environmental content. The need for such a process is explained by the fact that environmental laws may not always directly relate to economic entities engaged in various areas of production.

Thus, the Law of the Russian Federation of February 7, 1992 No. 2300-1 "On Protection of Consumer Rights" (Article 7) gives the consumer the right to demand that the goods be safe for his life. It also gives the right to the authorities to suspend the sale of goods if there is a threat to the health of citizens or the state of the environment. The laws on local self-government, taxation of legal entities reflect various incentives for reducing emissions, using clean technologies, etc.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, everyone has the right to a favorable environment, everyone is obliged to preserve nature and the environment, to take good care of natural resources, which are the basis for sustainable development, life and activities of the peoples living in the territory of the Russian Federation.

This Federal Law defines the legal framework for state policy in the field of environmental protection, ensuring a balanced solution to socio-economic problems, preserving a favorable environment, biological diversity and natural resources in order to meet the needs of present and future generations, strengthening the rule of law in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety.

This Federal Law regulates relations in the field of interaction between society and nature arising from the implementation of economic and other activities related to the impact on the natural environment as the most important component of the environment, which is the basis of life on Earth, within the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as on the continental shelf and in exceptional economic zone Russian Federation.

Chapter I. General Provisions

Article 1. Basic concepts

The following basic concepts are used in this Federal Law:

environment - a set of components of the natural environment, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, as well as anthropogenic objects;

components of the natural environment - earth, bowels, soils, surface and underground waters, atmospheric air, flora, fauna and other organisms, as well as the ozone layer of the atmosphere and near-earth space, which together provide favorable conditions for the existence of life on Earth;

natural object - a natural ecological system, natural landscape and their constituent elements, which have preserved their natural properties;

natural-anthropogenic object - a natural object changed as a result of economic and other activities, and (or) an object created by man, possessing the properties of a natural object and having a recreational and protective value;

anthropogenic object - an object created by man to meet his social needs and does not possess the properties of natural objects;

natural ecological system - an objectively existing part of the natural environment, which has spatial-territorial boundaries and in which living (plants, animals and other organisms) and its non-living elements interact as a single functional whole and are interconnected by the exchange of matter and energy;

natural complex - a complex of functionally and naturally interconnected natural objects, united by geographic and other relevant features;

natural landscape - an area that has not undergone changes as a result of economic and other activities and is characterized by a combination of certain types of terrain, soils, vegetation, formed in the same climatic conditions;

environmental protection - the activities of public authorities of the Russian Federation, public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, public and other non-profit associations, legal entities and individuals, aimed at preserving and restoring the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, preventing negative the impact of economic and other activities on the environment and the elimination of its consequences (hereinafter also referred to as environmental protection);

environmental quality - the state of the environment, which is characterized by physical, chemical, biological and other indicators and (or) their totality;

favorable environment - an environment, the quality of which ensures the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects;

negative impact on the environment - the impact of economic and other activities, the consequences of which lead to negative changes in the quality of the environment;

natural resources - components of the natural environment, natural objects and natural-anthropogenic objects that are used or can be used in the implementation of economic and other activities as sources of energy, products of production and consumer goods and have consumer value;

use of natural resources - the exploitation of natural resources, their involvement in economic circulation, including all types of impact on them in the process of economic and other activities;

environmental pollution - the entry into the environment of a substance and (or) energy, properties, location or quantity of which have a negative impact on the environment;

pollutant - a substance or a mixture of substances, the amount and (or) concentration of which exceeds those established for chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms, standards and have a negative impact on the environment;

standards in the field of environmental protection (hereinafter also referred to as environmental standards) - established standards for the quality of the environment and standards for permissible impact on it, subject to which the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems is ensured and biological diversity is preserved;

environmental quality standards - standards that are established in accordance with physical, chemical, biological and other indicators for assessing the state of the environment and under which a favorable environment is ensured;

standards of permissible impact on the environment - standards that are established in accordance with the indicators of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment and under which the environmental quality standards are observed;

standards of permissible anthropogenic load on the environment - standards that are established in accordance with the value of the permissible cumulative impact of all sources on the environment and (or) individual components of the natural environment within specific territories and (or) water areas and, if observed, the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems and conservation of biological diversity;

standards for permissible emissions and discharges of chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms (hereinafter also referred to as the standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms) are the standards that are established for economic entities and other activities in accordance with the indicators of the mass of chemical substances, in including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms, admissible for entry into the environment from stationary, mobile and other sources in the prescribed mode and taking into account technological standards, and subject to which the environmental quality standards are ensured;

technological standard - the standard for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, which is established for stationary, mobile and other sources, technological processes, equipment and reflects the permissible mass of emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms into the environment per unit of output;

standards limit permissible concentrations chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms (hereinafter also referred to as the maximum permissible concentration standards) - standards that are established in accordance with the indicators of the maximum permissible content of chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms in the environment and non-compliance which can lead to environmental pollution, degradation of natural ecological systems;

standards of permissible physical impacts - standards that are established in accordance with the levels of permissible impact of physical factors on the environment and under which the environmental quality standards are ensured;

limits on emissions and discharges of pollutants and microorganisms (hereinafter also - limits on emissions and discharges) - restrictions on emissions and discharges of pollutants and microorganisms into the environment, established for the period of environmental protection measures, including the introduction of the best existing technologies, in order to achieve standards in the field of environmental protection;

environmental impact assessment - a type of activity for the identification, analysis and accounting of direct, indirect and other consequences of the environmental impact of the planned economic and other activity in order to make a decision on the possibility or impossibility of its implementation;

environmental monitoring (environmental monitoring) - an integrated system for observing the state of the environment, assessing and forecasting changes in the state of the environment under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors;

state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring) - environmental monitoring carried out by the state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

control in the field of environmental protection (environmental control) - a system of measures aimed at preventing, detecting and suppressing violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection, ensuring that business entities and other activities comply with requirements, including standards and regulations, in the field of environmental protection Wednesday;

requirements in the field of environmental protection (hereinafter also - environmental requirements) - for economic and other activities mandatory conditions, restrictions or their combination, established by laws, other regulatory legal acts, environmental standards, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection;

environmental audit - an independent, comprehensive, documented assessment of compliance by a business entity and other activities with the requirements, including standards and regulations, in the field of environmental protection, the requirements of international standards and the preparation of recommendations to improve such activities;

the best available technology - a technology based on the latest achievements of science and technology, aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment and having a fixed period practical application taking into account economic and social factors;

harm to the environment - a negative change in the environment as a result of its pollution, resulting in the degradation of natural ecological systems and depletion of natural resources;

environmental risk - the likelihood of an event that has adverse consequences for the environment and is caused by negative impact economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies;

environmental safety - the state of protection of the natural environment and vital human interests from the possible negative impact of economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies, and their consequences.

Article 2. Legislation in the field of environmental protection

1. Legislation in the field of environmental protection is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws, as well as other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with them, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

2. This Federal Law is valid throughout the territory of the Russian Federation.

3. This Federal Law operates on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation in accordance with the norms of international law and federal laws and is aimed at ensuring the preservation of the marine environment.

4. Relations arising in the field of environmental protection as the basis for the life and activities of peoples living on the territory of the Russian Federation, in order to ensure their rights to a favorable environment, are governed by international treaties of the Russian Federation, this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

5. Relations arising in the field of protection and rational use of natural resources, their conservation and restoration, are regulated by international treaties of the Russian Federation, land, water, forestry legislation, legislation on subsoil, wildlife, other legislation in the field of environmental protection and nature management.

6. Relations arising in the field of environmental protection, to the extent that it is necessary to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, are regulated by legislation on the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population and legislation on health protection, otherwise aimed at ensuring a favorable environment for humans legislation.

Article 3. Basic principles of environmental protection

Economic and other activities of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, legal entities and individuals that have an impact on the environment should be carried out on the basis of the following principles:

observance of the human right to a healthy environment;

ensuring favorable conditions for human life;

scientifically grounded combination of environmental, economic and social interests of a person, society and state in order to ensure sustainable development and a favorable environment;

protection, reproduction and rational use of natural resources as necessary conditions for ensuring a favorable environment and ecological safety;

the responsibility of the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies for ensuring a favorable environment and ecological safety in the respective territories;

payment for the use of natural resources and compensation for damage to the environment;

independence of control in the field of environmental protection;

presumption of environmental hazard of the planned economic and other activity;

mandatory environmental impact assessment when making decisions on the implementation of economic and other activities;

the obligation to conduct a state environmental examination of projects and other documentation justifying economic and other activities that can have a negative impact on the environment, pose a threat to the life, health and property of citizens;

taking into account the natural and socio-economic characteristics of territories in the planning and implementation of economic and other activities;

the priority of preserving natural ecological systems, natural landscapes and natural complexes;

the admissibility of the impact of economic and other activities on the natural environment based on the requirements in the field of environmental protection;

ensuring the reduction of the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment in accordance with environmental standards, which can be achieved through the use of the best available technologies, taking into account economic and social factors;

mandatory participation in environmental protection activities of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, public and other non-profit associations, legal entities and individuals;

conservation of biological diversity;

provision of integrated and individual approaches to the establishment of requirements in the field of environmental protection to economic and other entities carrying out such activities or planning to carry out such activities;

prohibition of economic and other activities, the impact of which is unpredictable for the environment, as well as the implementation of projects that may lead to the degradation of natural ecological systems, change and (or) destruction of the genetic fund of plants, animals and other organisms, depletion of natural resources and other negative changes the environment;

observance of the right of everyone to receive reliable information about the state of the environment, as well as participation of citizens in decision-making regarding their rights to a healthy environment, in accordance with the law;

responsibility for violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection;

organization and development of the environmental education system, education and formation of environmental culture;

participation of citizens, public and other non-profit associations in solving problems of environmental protection;

international cooperation of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.

Article 4. Objects of environmental protection

1. Objects of environmental protection from pollution, exhaustion, degradation, damage, destruction and other negative impact of economic and other activities are:
land, bowels, soil;

surface and groundwater;

forests and other vegetation, animals and other organisms and their genetic fund;

atmospheric air, ozone layer of the atmosphere and near-earth space.

2. As a matter of priority, natural ecological systems, natural landscapes and natural complexes that have not been subjected to anthropogenic impact are subject to protection.

3. Objects included in the List of World Cultural Heritage and the List of World Natural Heritage, state nature reserves, including biosphere reserves, state nature reserves, natural monuments, national, natural and dendrological parks, botanical gardens, health-improving areas and resorts, other natural complexes, original habitat, places of traditional residence and economic activity of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation, objects of special nature conservation, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health-improving and other valuable value, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone Of the Russian Federation, as well as rare or endangered soils, forests and other vegetation, animals and other organisms and their habitats.

Chapter II. Fundamentals of Environmental Management

Article 5. Powers of the state authorities of the Russian Federation in the field of relations related to environmental protection

The powers of the state authorities of the Russian Federation in the field of relations related to environmental protection include:

ensuring the implementation of the federal policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation;

development and publication of federal laws and other normative legal acts in the field of environmental protection and control over their application;

development, approval and enforcement federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation;

announcement and establishment legal status and the regime of ecological disaster zones on the territory of the Russian Federation;

coordination and implementation of measures for environmental protection in areas of ecological disaster;

establishment of a procedure for implementation state monitoring environment (state environmental monitoring), the formation state system observing the state of the environment and ensuring the functioning of such a system;

establishment of a procedure for implementation state control in the field of environmental protection, including at objects of economic and other activities, regardless of the form of ownership, which are under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, objects that contribute to transboundary environmental pollution and have a negative impact on the environment within the territories of two or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation ( federal state environmental control);

the establishment of federal executive bodies in charge of state management in the field of environmental protection;

ensuring environmental protection, including the marine environment on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation;

establishment of the procedure for handling radioactive waste and hazardous waste, control over the provision radiation safety;

preparation and distribution of the annual state report on the state and protection of the environment;

establishment of requirements in the field of environmental protection, development and approval of standards, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection;

establishment of the procedure for determining the amount of payment for emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment, waste disposal and other types of negative impact on the environment;

organization and conduct of state environmental expertise;

interaction with the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on environmental protection issues;

establishment of the procedure for restriction, suspension and prohibition of economic and other activities carried out in violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection, and their implementation;

organization and development of the environmental education system, the formation of environmental culture;

providing the population with reliable information about the state of the environment;

formation of specially protected natural areas of federal significance, natural world heritage sites, management of the natural reserve fund, maintaining the Red Book of the Russian Federation;

maintaining state records of objects that have a negative impact on the environment, and their classification depending on the level and volume of negative impact on the environment;

maintaining state records of specially protected natural areas, including natural complexes and objects, as well as natural resources, taking into account their ecological significance;

economic assessment of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment;

economic assessment of natural and natural-anthropogenic objects;

establishment of licensing procedure certain types activities in the field of environmental protection and its implementation;

implementation of international cooperation of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection;

exercise of other powers stipulated by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

Article 6. Powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of relations related to environmental protection

The powers of the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of relations related to environmental protection include:

determination of the main directions of environmental protection in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the geographical, natural, socio-economic and other characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

participation in the development of federal policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and related programs;

implementation of the federal policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account their geographical, natural, socio-economic and other characteristics;

development and publication of laws and other normative legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, taking into account the geographical, natural, socio-economic and other characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, control over their implementation;

development and approval of regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection, containing the relevant requirements, norms and rules not lower than those established at the federal level;

development, approval and implementation of target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

implementation of environmental and other measures to improve the state of the environment in areas of ecological disaster in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

organization and implementation, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, of state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring), the formation and maintenance of the functioning of territorial systems for monitoring the state of the environment in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

state control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) over objects of economic and other activities, regardless of the form of ownership, located in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, with the exception of objects of economic and other activities subject to federal state environmental control;

economic assessment of the environmental impact of economic and other activities;

bringing the guilty persons to administrative and other types of responsibility;

filing claims for compensation for environmental damage caused as a result of violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection;

formation of specially protected natural areas of regional significance, management and control in the field of protection and use of such areas;

organization and development of the environmental education system and the formation of environmental culture in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

restriction, suspension and (or) prohibition of economic and other activities carried out in violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection, within the limits of their powers in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

providing the population with reliable information about the state of the environment in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

keeping records of objects and sources of negative impact on the environment in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

maintaining the Red Book of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;

implementation of environmental certification;

regulation of other issues in the field of environmental protection within the limits of their authority.

Article 7. Powers of local self-government bodies in the field of relations related to environmental protection

The powers of local self-government bodies in the field of relations related to environmental protection are determined in accordance with federal laws.

Article 8. Executive authorities exercising state management in the field of environmental protection

1. State management in the field of environmental protection is carried out by federal executive bodies, authorized in the manner prescribed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Federal constitutional law"On the Government of the Russian Federation".

2. The bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising state administration in the field of environmental protection shall be determined by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Article 9. Delineation of powers in the field of relations related to environmental protection between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

1. The delineation of powers in the field of relations related to environmental protection between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, as well as by agreements on the delimitation of jurisdictions and powers between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

2. Agreements between federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the transfer of the exercise of some powers in the field of relations related to environmental protection, including in the field of state ecological expertise of facilities subject to mandatory state ecological expertise, carried out at the level of the constituent entities Of the Russian Federation, are concluded in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.

Article 10. Management in the field of environmental protection carried out by local self-government bodies

Management in the field of environmental protection is carried out by local self-government bodies in accordance with this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, charters of municipalities and regulatory legal acts of local self-government bodies.

Chapter III. Rights and obligations of citizens, public and other non-profit associations in the field of environmental protection

Article 11. Rights and obligations of citizens in the field of environmental protection

1. Every citizen has the right to a favorable environment, to its protection from negative impacts caused by economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies, to reliable information about the state of the environment and to compensation for environmental damage.

2. Citizens have the right:

create public associations, foundations and other non-profit organizations carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection;

send appeals to government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, other organizations and officials to receive timely, complete and reliable information about the state of the environment in their places of residence, measures to protect it;

take part in meetings, rallies, demonstrations, processions and picketing, collecting signatures for petitions, referendums on environmental issues and in other actions that do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation;

to put forward proposals on the conduct of public environmental expertise and participate in its implementation in accordance with the established procedure;

apply to the government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and other organizations with complaints, statements and proposals on issues related to environmental protection, negative impact on the environment, and receive timely and substantiated answers;

3. Citizens are obliged:

to preserve nature and the environment;

take good care of nature and natural resources;

comply with other legal requirements.

Article 12. Rights and obligations of public and other non-profit associations carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection

1. Public and other non-profit associations carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection have the right:

develop, promote and implement in the prescribed manner programs in the field of environmental protection, protect the rights and legitimate interests citizens in the field of environmental protection, to involve citizens on a voluntary basis in the implementation of activities in the field of environmental protection;

at the expense of their own and borrowed funds, carry out and promote activities in the field of environmental protection, reproduction of natural resources, ensuring environmental safety;

render assistance to the bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies of local self-government in resolving issues of environmental protection;

organize meetings, rallies, demonstrations, processions and picketing, collect signatures for petitions and take part in these events in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, make proposals for holding referendums on environmental issues and discussing projects related to environmental protection;

apply to the government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, other organizations and officials to obtain timely, complete and reliable information about the state of the environment, about measures to protect it, about the circumstances and facts of economic and other activities that pose a threat to the environment, life, health and property of citizens;

participate in the prescribed manner in the adoption of economic and other decisions, the implementation of which may have a negative impact on the environment, life, health and property of citizens;

apply to the government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and other organizations with complaints, applications, claims and proposals on issues related to environmental protection, negative impact on the environment, and receive timely and reasonable answers;

organize and conduct, in accordance with the established procedure, hearings on the design, placement of facilities, economic and other activities of which may harm the environment, pose a threat to the life, health and property of citizens;

organize and conduct, in accordance with the established procedure, public ecological expertise;

to submit to the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, the court of appeals for the cancellation of decisions on the design, placement, construction, reconstruction, on the operation of facilities, economic and other activities of which may have a negative impact on the environment, on the restriction, on the suspension and termination of economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment;

file claims in court for compensation for damage to the environment;

implement other provided by law rights.

2. Public and other non-profit associations, when carrying out activities in the field of environmental protection, must comply with the requirements in the field of environmental protection.

Article 13. System of state measures to ensure the rights to a favorable environment

1. Bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies of local self-government and officials are obliged to assist citizens, public and other non-profit associations in the exercise of their rights in the field of environmental protection.

2. When placing objects, the economic and other activities of which may cause harm to the environment, the decision on their placement is made taking into account the opinion of the population or the results of the referendum.

3. Officials who hinder citizens, public and other non-profit associations in the implementation of activities in the field of environmental protection, the exercise of their rights provided for by this Federal Law and other federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, are held accountable in the prescribed manner.

Chapter IV. Economic regulation in the field of environmental protection

Article 14. Methods of economic regulation in the field of environmental protection

The methods of economic regulation in the field of environmental protection include:

development of state forecasts of socio-economic development based on environmental forecasts;

development of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

development and implementation of measures for environmental protection in order to prevent harm to the environment;

setting fees for negative impact on the environment;

setting limits on emissions and discharges of pollutants and microorganisms, limits on the disposal of production and consumption waste and other types of negative impact on the environment;

economic assessment of natural objects and natural-anthropogenic objects;

economic assessment of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment;

provision of tax and other benefits in the implementation of the best existing technologies, non-traditional types of energy, the use of secondary resources and waste processing, as well as in the implementation of other effective measures to protect the environment in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

support for entrepreneurial, innovative and other activities (including environmental insurance) aimed at protecting the environment;

compensation in accordance with the established procedure for damage to the environment;

other methods of economic regulation to improve and effectively implement environmental protection.

Article 15. Federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation, target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the environment and measures for environmental protection

1. In order to plan, develop and implement measures for environmental protection, federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are being developed.

The procedure for the development, financing and implementation of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation is established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for the development, financing and implementation of targeted programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is established in accordance with the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

2. Development of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out taking into account the proposals of citizens and public associations.

3. Planning and development of environmental protection measures are carried out taking into account state forecasts of socio-economic development, federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation, target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the basis of scientific research aimed at solving problems in the field environmental protection.

4. Legal entities and individual entrepreneurs carrying out economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment are obliged to plan, develop and implement measures for environmental protection in the manner prescribed by law.

Article 16. Payment for negative impact on the environment

1. Negative impact on the environment is subject to payment.

Forms of payment for negative impact on the environment are determined by federal laws.

2. The types of negative impact on the environment include:

emissions of pollutants and other substances into the air;

discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms into surface water bodies, groundwater bodies and catchment areas;

pollution of subsoil, soil;

placement of production and consumption waste;

environmental pollution by noise, heat, electromagnetic, ionizing and other types of physical influences;

other types of negative impact on the environment.

3. The procedure for calculating and collecting payments for negative impact on the environment is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

4. The payment of the fee specified in paragraph 1 of this article does not exempt business and other entities from taking measures to protect the environment and compensate for environmental damage.

Article 17. Entrepreneurial activity carried out for the purpose of environmental protection

1. Entrepreneurial activities carried out for the purpose of environmental protection are supported by the state.

2. Governmental support entrepreneurial activity, carried out in order to protect the environment, is carried out through the establishment of tax and other benefits in accordance with the law.

Article 18. Environmental insurance

1. Environmental insurance is carried out in order to protect the property interests of legal entities and individuals in case of environmental risks.

2. Compulsory state environmental insurance may be carried out in the Russian Federation.

3. Environmental insurance in the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Chapter V. Rationing in the field of environmental protection

Article 19. Basis of regulation in the field of environmental protection

1. Rationing in the field of environmental protection is carried out in order to regulate the impact of economic and other activities on the environment, guaranteeing the preservation of a favorable environment and ensuring environmental safety.

2. Rationing in the field of environmental protection consists in the establishment of environmental quality standards, standards for permissible environmental impact in the implementation of economic and other activities, other standards in the field of environmental protection, as well as state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection ...

3. Norms and normative documents in the field of environmental protection are developed, approved and put into effect on the basis of modern achievements of science and technology, taking into account international rules and environmental standards.
Rationing in the field of environmental protection is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 20. Requirements for the development of standards in the field of environmental protection

Development of standards in the field of environmental protection includes:

carrying out research work to substantiate standards in the field of environmental protection;

establishing the grounds for the development or revision of environmental standards;

monitoring the application and compliance with environmental standards;

formation and maintenance of a single information base these standards in the field of environmental protection;

assessment and forecasting of environmental, social, economic consequences of the application of standards in the field of environmental protection.

Article 21. Environmental quality standards

1. Environmental quality standards are established for assessing the state of the environment in order to preserve natural ecological systems, the genetic fund of plants, animals and other organisms.

2. The environmental quality standards include:

standards established in accordance with chemical indicators of the state of the environment, including standards for maximum permissible concentrations of chemical substances, including radioactive substances;

standards established in accordance with physical indicators of the state of the environment, including indicators of levels of radioactivity and heat;

standards established in accordance with biological indicators of the state of the environment, including species and groups of plants, animals and other organisms used as indicators of environmental quality, as well as standards for maximum permissible concentrations of microorganisms;

other environmental quality standards.

3. When establishing environmental quality standards, the natural features of territories and water areas, the purpose of natural objects and natural-anthropogenic objects, specially protected areas, including specially protected natural areas, as well as natural landscapes of special nature conservation value are taken into account.

Article 22. Standards of permissible impact on the environment

1. In order to prevent the negative impact on the environment of economic and other activities for legal entities and individuals - users of natural resources, the following standards of permissible impact on the environment are established:

standards of permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms;

production and consumption waste generation standards and limits for their disposal;

standards of permissible physical influences (amount of heat, noise levels, vibration, ionizing radiation, intensity of electromagnetic fields and other physical influences);
standards for the permissible withdrawal of components of the natural environment;

standards of permissible anthropogenic load on the environment;

standards of other permissible impact on the environment in the implementation of economic and other activities established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to protect the environment.

2. The standards of permissible impact on the environment must ensure compliance with the environmental quality standards, taking into account the natural characteristics of territories and water areas.

3. For exceeding the established standards of permissible environmental impact, subjects of economic and other activities, depending on the damage caused to the environment, are liable in accordance with the legislation.

Article 23. Standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms

1. Standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms are established for stationary, mobile and other sources of environmental impact by economic and other entities based on the standards of permissible anthropogenic load on the environment, environmental quality standards, as well as technological standards.

2. Technological standards are established for stationary, mobile and other sources based on the use of the best available technologies, taking into account economic and social factors.

3. If it is impossible to comply with the standards for permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, limits on emissions and discharges may be established on the basis of permits valid only during the period of environmental protection measures, the introduction of the best existing technologies and (or) the implementation of other environmental projects, taking into account the phased achievement of the established standards of permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms.

Establishment of limits on emissions and discharges is allowed only if there are plans to reduce emissions and discharges, agreed with the executive authorities exercising state management in the field of environmental protection.

4. Emissions and discharges of chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms into the environment within the established standards of permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, limits on emissions and discharges are allowed on the basis of permits issued by the executive authorities exercising state control in the field of environmental protection.

Article 24. Standards for the generation of production and consumption waste and limits for their disposal

The standards for the generation of production and consumption waste and the limits for their disposal are established in order to prevent their negative impact on the environment in accordance with the legislation.

Article 25. Standards for permissible physical impact on the environment

The standards for permissible physical impacts on the environment are established for each source of such impacts based on the standards for the permissible anthropogenic load on the environment, environmental quality standards and taking into account the influence of other sources of physical impacts.

Article 26. Standards for the permissible withdrawal of components of the natural environment

1. Standards for the permissible withdrawal of components of the natural environment - the norms established in accordance with the restrictions on the volume of their withdrawal in order to preserve natural and natural-anthropogenic objects, ensure the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems and prevent their degradation.

2. The standards for the permissible withdrawal of components of the natural environment and the procedure for their establishment are determined by the legislation on subsoil, land, water, forestry legislation, legislation on wildlife and other legislation in the field of environmental protection, nature management and in accordance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection, protection and reproduction of certain types of natural resources established by this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.

Article 27. Standards for permissible anthropogenic load on the environment

1. Standards of permissible anthropogenic load on the environment are established for economic and other entities in order to assess and regulate the impact of all stationary, mobile and other sources of environmental impact located within specific territories and (or) water areas.

2. The standards for the permissible anthropogenic load on the environment are established for each type of impact of economic and other activities on the environment and the cumulative impact of all sources located in these territories and (or) water areas.

3. When establishing the standards for the permissible anthropogenic load on the environment, the natural features of specific territories and (or) water areas are taken into account.

Article 28. Other standards in the field of environmental protection

For the purpose of state regulation of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment, assessing the quality of the environment in accordance with this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other standards in the field of environmental protection.

Article 29. State standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection

1. State standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection establish:

requirements, norms and rules in the field of environmental protection for products, works, services and relevant control methods;

restrictions on economic and other activities in order to prevent their negative impact on the environment;

the procedure for organizing activities in the field of environmental protection and management of such activities.

2. State standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection are developed taking into account scientific and technical achievements and the requirements of international rules and standards.

3. State standards for new equipment, technologies, materials, substances and other products, technological processes, storage, transportation, use of such products, including after its transition to the category of production and consumption waste, must take into account the requirements, norms and rules in the field of environmental protection.

Article 30. Licensing of certain types of activities in the field of environmental protection

1. Certain types of activities in the field of environmental protection are subject to licensing.

2. The list of certain types of activities in the field of environmental protection, subject to licensing, is established by federal laws.

Article 31. Environmental certification

1. Environmental certification is carried out in order to ensure the environmentally safe implementation of economic and other activities on the territory of the Russian Federation.

2. Environmental certification can be mandatory or voluntary.

3. Mandatory environmental certification is carried out in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Chapter VI. Environmental impact assessment and ecological expertise

Article 32. Conducting an environmental impact assessment

1. Environmental impact assessment is carried out in relation to the planned economic and other activities that may have a direct or indirect impact on the environment, regardless of the organizational and legal forms of ownership of economic and other entities.

2. Environmental impact assessment is carried out during the development of all alternative options for pre-project, including pre-investment, and project documentation substantiating the planned economic and other activities, with the participation of public associations.

3. Requirements for the materials for assessing the impact on the environment are established by federal executive bodies exercising state management in the field of environmental protection.

Article 33. Environmental expertise

1. Environmental expertise is carried out in order to establish the compliance of the planned economic and other activities with the requirements in the field of environmental protection.

2. The procedure for carrying out environmental impact assessment is established by the federal law on environmental impact assessment.

Chapter VII. Requirements in the field of environmental protection in the implementation of economic and other activities

Article 34. General requirements in the field of environmental protection during placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities

1. Placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects that have a direct or indirect negative impact on the environment are carried out in accordance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection. At the same time, measures should be provided for environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, and ensuring environmental safety.

2. Violation of requirements in the field of environmental protection entails the suspension of placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects according to the instructions of the executive authorities exercising state management in the field of protection environment.

3. Termination in full of placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities in case of violation of environmental protection requirements is carried out on the basis of a court decision and (or) arbitration court.

Article 35. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when placing buildings, structures, structures and other objects

1. When placing buildings, structures, structures and other objects, the requirements in the field of environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, ensuring environmental safety, taking into account the immediate and distant environmental, economic, demographic and other consequences must be ensured operation of these facilities and compliance with the priority of preserving a favorable environment, biological diversity, rational use and reproduction of natural resources.

2. The choice of locations for buildings, structures, structures and other facilities is carried out in compliance with the requirements of the legislation in the presence of a positive conclusion of the state ecological expertise.

3. In cases where the placement of buildings, structures, structures and other objects affects the legitimate interests of citizens, the decision is made taking into account the results of the referendums held in the respective territories.

Article 36. Requirements in the field of environmental protection in the design of buildings, structures, structures and other objects

1. When designing buildings, structures, structures and other facilities, the standards of permissible anthropogenic load on the environment should be taken into account, measures should be taken to prevent and eliminate environmental pollution, as well as methods of disposal of production and consumption waste, resource-saving, low-waste, non-waste and other best existing technologies that contribute to environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources.

2. It is prohibited to change the cost of design work and approved projects by excluding from such works and projects planned measures for environmental protection in the design of construction, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, conservation and liquidation of buildings, structures, structures and other objects.

3. Projects for which there are no positive conclusions of the state ecological expertise, are not subject to approval, and work on their implementation is prohibited to finance.

Article 37. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, structures and other objects

1. Construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities must be carried out according to approved projects that have positive conclusions of the state ecological expertise, in compliance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection, as well as sanitary and construction requirements, norms and rules.

2. It is prohibited to build and reconstruct buildings, structures, structures and other objects until the approval of projects and before the withdrawal land plots in kind, as well as changes in approved projects to the detriment of environmental requirements.

3. When carrying out construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, structures and other objects, measures are taken to protect the environment, restore the natural environment, land reclamation, and landscaping in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 38. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the commissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other objects

1. Commissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other objects is carried out subject to the full fulfillment of the requirements in the field of environmental protection provided for by the projects, and in accordance with the acts of the commissions for the commissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other objects, in the composition of which includes representatives of federal executive bodies exercising state management in the field of environmental protection.

2. It is prohibited to put into operation buildings, structures, structures and other facilities that are not equipped with technical means and technologies for the neutralization and safe disposal of production and consumption waste, neutralization of emissions and discharges of pollutants that ensure compliance with the established requirements in the field of environmental protection. It is also prohibited to put into operation facilities that are not equipped with means of monitoring environmental pollution, without completing the work on environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, land reclamation, and landscaping provided for by the projects in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. The heads and members of the commissions for the acceptance into operation of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities bear, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, administrative and other responsibility for the acceptance into operation of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities that do not meet the requirements of the legislation in the field of environmental protection ...

Article 39. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the operation and decommissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other objects

1. Legal entities and individuals operating buildings, structures, structures and other facilities are obliged to comply with approved technologies and requirements in the field of environmental protection, restoration of the natural environment, rational use and reproduction of natural resources.

2. Legal entities and individuals operating buildings, structures, structures and other facilities ensure compliance with environmental quality standards based on the application technical means and technologies for the neutralization and safe disposal of production and consumption waste, neutralization of emissions and discharges of pollutants, as well as other best existing technologies that ensure compliance with environmental protection requirements, take measures to restore the natural environment, land reclamation, and landscaping in accordance with the legislation ...

3. Decommissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities is carried out in accordance with the legislation in the field of environmental protection and in the presence of approved project documentation in accordance with the established procedure.

4. When decommissioning buildings, structures, structures and other facilities, measures must be developed and implemented to restore the natural environment, including the reproduction of components of the natural environment, in order to ensure a favorable environment.

5. The re-profiling of the functions of buildings, structures, structures and other objects is carried out in agreement with the executive authorities exercising state management in the field of environmental protection.

Article 40. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of energy facilities

1. Placement, design, construction and operation of energy facilities are carried out in accordance with the requirements of Articles 34 - 39 of this Federal Law.

2. During the design and construction of thermal power plants, it should be envisaged to equip them with highly efficient means of cleaning emissions and discharges of pollutants, the use of environmentally friendly fuels and the safe disposal of production wastes.

3. During the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of hydroelectric power plants, the real needs for electrical energy the corresponding regions, as well as the features of the reliefs of localities.

When placing these objects, measures should be taken to preserve water bodies, catchment areas, aquatic biological resources, lands, soils, forests and other vegetation, biological diversity, ensure the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, preserve natural landscapes, specially protected natural areas and natural monuments, and also to take measures for the timely disposal of wood and fertile soil layer when clearing and flooding the bed of reservoirs and other necessary measures to prevent negative changes in the natural environment, preserve the water regime, which provides the most favorable conditions for the reproduction of aquatic biological resources.

4. During the placement, design, construction, commissioning and operation of nuclear installations, including nuclear power plants, protection of the environment from the radiation effects of such installations must be ensured, the established procedure and standards for the implementation of technological process requirements of federal executive bodies authorized to exercise state supervision and control in the field of radiation safety, as well as state regulation of safety in the use of atomic energy should be carried out, measures should be taken to ensure complete radiation safety of the environment and the population in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and generally accepted principles and norms of international law, to ensure the training and maintenance of qualifications of workers of nuclear installations.

5. The siting of nuclear installations, including nuclear power plants, is carried out if there are positive conclusions of the state ecological expertise and other state expertise provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and confirming the environmental and radiation safety of nuclear facilities according to the designs and other substantiating materials.

6. Projects for the location of nuclear installations, including nuclear power plants, must contain solutions to ensure their safe decommissioning.

Article 41. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of military and defense facilities, weapons and military equipment

1. Requirements in the field of environmental protection for the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of buildings, structures, structures and other facilities, fully apply to military and defense facilities, weapons and military equipment, with the exception of emergencies that prevent compliance with environmental protection requirements.

2. The list of emergency situations that impede compliance with environmental protection requirements during placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of military and defense facilities, weapons and military equipment is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 42. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the operation of agricultural facilities

1. When operating agricultural facilities, the requirements in the field of environmental protection must be observed, measures must be taken to protect lands, soils, water bodies, plants, animals and other organisms from the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment.

2. Agricultural organizations engaged in the production, procurement and processing of agricultural products, other agricultural organizations in the implementation of their activities must comply with the requirements in the field of environmental protection.

3. Objects of agricultural purpose must have the necessary sanitary protection zones and treatment facilities, excluding pollution of soil, surface and ground waters, drainage areas and atmospheric air.

Article 43. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during land reclamation, placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of reclamation systems and separately located hydraulic structures

In the implementation of land reclamation, placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of reclamation systems and separately located hydraulic structures, measures should be taken to ensure the water balance and economical use of waters, protect lands, soils, forests and other vegetation, animals and others. organisms, as well as prevention of other negative impact on the environment during the implementation of reclamation activities. Land reclamation should not lead to deterioration of the environment, disrupt the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems.

Article 44. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the placement, design, construction, reconstruction of urban and rural settlements

1. During the placement, design, construction, reconstruction of urban and rural settlements, the requirements in the field of environmental protection must be observed, ensuring a favorable state of the environment for human life, as well as for the habitation of plants, animals and other organisms, the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems.

Buildings, structures, structures and other objects should be located taking into account the requirements in the field of environmental protection, sanitary and hygienic standards and urban planning requirements.

2. When planning and building urban and rural settlements, the requirements in the field of environmental protection must be observed, measures must be taken for sanitary cleaning, neutralization and safe disposal of production and consumption wastes, compliance with the standards of permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, as well as for the restoration of the natural environment , land reclamation, landscaping and other measures to ensure environmental protection and environmental safety in accordance with the legislation.

3. In order to protect the environment of urban and rural settlements, protective and protective zones are created, including sanitary protection zones, green areas, green zones, including forest park zones and other protected and security zones with a limited regime withdrawn from intensive economic use nature management.

Article 45 - Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the production and operation of automobile and other Vehicle

1. The production of automobile and other vehicles must be carried out in accordance with the requirements in the field of environmental protection.

2. Legal entities and individuals operating automobile and other vehicles that have a negative impact on the environment are obliged to comply with the standards of permissible emissions and discharges of substances and microorganisms, as well as take measures to neutralize pollutants, including their neutralization, and reduce noise levels and other negative impact on the environment.

3. Relations in the field of production and operation of automobile and other vehicles are regulated by legislation.

Article 46. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of oil and gas production facilities, processing facilities, transportation, storage and sale of oil, gas and products of their processing

1. Placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of oil and gas production facilities, processing facilities, transportation, storage and sale of oil, gas and their products must be carried out in accordance with the requirements established by legislation in the field of environmental protection.

2. During the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning and operation of oil and gas production facilities, processing facilities, transportation, storage and sale of oil, gas and products of their ) gas and saline water, reclamation of disturbed and contaminated lands, reduction of negative impact on the environment, as well as compensation for environmental damage caused during the construction and operation of these facilities.

3. Construction and operation of oil and gas production facilities, processing facilities, transportation, storage and sale of oil, gas and products of their processing are allowed if there are projects for the restoration of contaminated land in the zones of temporary and (or) permanent land acquisition, positive conclusions of the state environmental impact assessment and other established the legislation of state expertise, financial guarantees for the implementation of such projects.

4. The construction and operation of oil and gas production facilities, processing facilities, transportation and storage of oil and gas located in the water areas of water bodies, on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, are allowed if there are positive conclusions of the state environmental impact assessment and other state expertise established by law. after the restoration of contaminated land.

Article 47. Requirements in the field of environmental protection in the production, handling and disposal of potentially hazardous chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms

1. The production and circulation of potentially hazardous chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms, are allowed on the territory of the Russian Federation after the necessary toxicological, hygienic and toxicological studies of these substances, establishing the procedure for handling them, environmental standards and state registration of these substances in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. Neutralization of potentially hazardous chemical and biological substances is carried out in the presence of a duly agreed design and technological documentation in accordance with the law.

Article 48. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when using radioactive substances and nuclear materials

1. Legal entities and individuals are obliged to comply with the rules for the production, storage, transportation, use, disposal of radioactive substances (sources of ionizing radiation) and nuclear materials, not to exceed the established maximum permissible standards ionizing radiation, and in case of their excess, immediately inform the executive authorities in the field of ensuring radiation safety about increased levels of radiation hazardous to the environment and human health, take measures to eliminate foci of radiation pollution.

2. Legal entities and individuals that do not ensure compliance with the rules for handling radioactive substances and nuclear materials, as well as radioactive waste, are liable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. Import into the Russian Federation of radioactive waste and nuclear materials from foreign states for the purpose of their storage or burial, as well as flooding, sending for burial into outer space of radioactive waste and nuclear materials is prohibited, except for the cases established by this Federal Law.

4. Import into the Russian Federation from foreign countries of irradiated fuel assemblies of nuclear reactors for temporary technological storage and (or) their reprocessing is permitted if a state ecological expertise and other state expertise of the relevant project, stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation, are justified, and a general risk reduction is justified radiation impact and an increase in the level of environmental safety as a result of the implementation of the relevant project.

Irradiated fuel assemblies of nuclear reactors are imported into the Russian Federation on the basis of international treaties of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for the import into the Russian Federation of irradiated fuel assemblies of nuclear reactors is established by the Government of the Russian Federation based on the basic principles of ensuring the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, environmental protection and the economic interests of the Russian Federation, taking into account the priority of the right to return the radioactive waste generated after reprocessing to the state of origin of nuclear materials or to provide their return.

Article 49. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when using chemicals in agriculture and forestry

1. Legal entities and individuals are obliged to comply with the rules for the production, storage, transportation and use of chemicals used in agriculture and forestry, requirements in the field of environmental protection, as well as take measures to prevent the negative impact of economic and other activities and eliminate harmful consequences to ensure the quality of the environment, the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems and the preservation of natural landscapes in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 50. Protection of the environment from negative biological impact

1. It is prohibited to produce, breed and use plants, animals and other organisms that are not characteristic of natural ecological systems, as well as those created artificially, without the development of effective measures to prevent their uncontrolled reproduction, a positive conclusion of the state ecological expertise, permission of the federal executive authorities carrying out state administration in the field of environmental protection, other federal executive bodies in accordance with their competence and the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. During the placement, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of hazardous production facilities, the use of technologies related to the negative impact of microorganisms on the environment, the requirements in the field of environmental protection, environmental standards, including the standards for maximum permissible concentrations of microorganisms, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection must be observed.

3. Legal entities and individuals carrying out activities related to the possibility of negative impact of microorganisms on the environment are obliged to ensure environmentally friendly production, transportation, use, storage, placement and neutralization of microorganisms, to develop and implement measures to prevent accidents and disasters, prevent and eliminate the consequences of the negative impact of microorganisms on the environment.

Article 51. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when handling production and consumption waste

1. Waste from production and consumption, including radioactive waste, are subject to collection, use, disposal, transportation, storage and disposal, the conditions and methods of which must be safe for the environment and regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

dumping of production and consumption waste, including radioactive waste, into surface and underground water bodies, catchment areas, subsoil and soil;

placement of hazardous waste and radioactive waste in areas adjacent to urban and rural settlements, in forest parks, health resorts, health-improving, recreational areas, along animal migration routes, near spawning grounds and in other places where a threat to the environment may be created, natural ecological systems and human health;

burial of hazardous waste and radioactive waste in the catchment areas of groundwater bodies used as sources of water supply, for balneological purposes, to extract valuable mineral resources;

import of hazardous waste and radioactive waste into the Russian Federation for the purpose of their burial and neutralization.

3. Relations in the field of industrial and consumer waste management, as well as hazardous waste and radioactive waste are regulated by the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 52. Requirements in the field of environmental protection when establishing protective and security zones

1. In order to ensure the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, the protection of natural complexes, natural landscapes and specially protected natural areas from pollution and other negative impact of economic and other activities, protective and protective zones are established.

2. In order to protect the living conditions of humans, the habitat of plants, animals and other organisms around industrial zones and objects of economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment, protective and security zones, including sanitary protection zones, are created in the neighborhoods , microdistricts of urban and rural settlements - territories, green zones, including forest park zones and other zones with a limited nature management regime.

3. The procedure for the establishment and creation of protective and security zones is regulated by legislation.

Article 53. Requirements in the field of environmental protection during privatization and nationalization of property

During the privatization and nationalization of property, measures are taken to protect the environment and compensate for damage to the environment.

Article 54. Protection of the ozone layer of the atmosphere

The protection of the ozone layer of the atmosphere from environmentally hazardous changes is ensured by regulating the production and use of substances that deplete the ozone layer of the atmosphere in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 55. Protection of the environment from negative physical impact

1. Bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies of local self-government, legal entities and individuals in the implementation of economic and other activities are obliged to take the necessary measures to prevent and eliminate the negative effects of noise, vibration, electric, electromagnetic, magnetic fields and other negative physical impact on the environment in urban and rural settlements, recreation areas, habitats of wild animals and birds, including their reproduction, on natural ecological systems and natural landscapes.

2. When planning and building urban and rural settlements, designing, building, reconstructing and operating production facilities, creating and mastering new technology, manufacturing and operating vehicles, measures should be developed to ensure compliance with the standards of permissible physical effects.

Article 56. Measures of influence for violation of environmental requirements

In case of violation of the environmental requirements provided for in this chapter, activities carried out in violation specified requirements, may be limited, suspended or terminated in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Chapter VIII. Environmental disaster zones, emergency zones

Article 57. The procedure for establishing zones of ecological disaster, zones of emergency situations

1. The procedure for declaring and establishing the regime of ecological disaster zones is established by the legislation on ecological disaster zones.

2. Environmental protection in emergency zones is established by the federal law on the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Chapter IX. Natural sites under special protection

Article 58. Measures for the protection of natural objects

1. Natural objects of special nature conservation, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health-improving and other valuable value are under special protection. For the protection of such natural objects, a special legal regime is established, including the creation of specially protected natural areas.

2. The procedure for the creation and functioning of specially protected natural areas is regulated by the legislation on specially protected natural areas.

3. State nature reserves, including state natural biosphere reserves, state nature reserves, natural monuments, national parks, dendrological parks, natural parks, botanical gardens and other specially protected areas, natural objects with special nature conservation, scientific, historical and cultural , aesthetic, recreational, health-improving and other valuable value, form a nature reserve fund.

4. The seizure of lands of the natural reserve fund is prohibited, with the exception of cases stipulated by federal laws.

5. Lands within the boundaries of the territories on which natural objects are located, which have special environmental, scientific, historical-cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health-improving and other valuable value and are under special protection, are not subject to privatization.

Article 59. Legal regime protection of natural objects

1. The legal regime for the protection of natural objects is established by legislation in the field of environmental protection, legislation on natural and cultural heritage, as well as other legislation.

2. Prohibited are economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the environment and lead to the degradation and (or) destruction of natural objects that have special environmental, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health-improving and other valuable value and are under special protection ...

Article 60. Protection of rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms

1. In order to protect and record rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Data Books of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are established. Plants, animals and other organisms belonging to the species listed in the red books are subject to removal from economic use everywhere. In order to preserve rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, their genetic fund is subject to conservation in low-temperature genetic banks, as well as in an artificially created habitat. Activities leading to a reduction in the number of these plants, animals and other organisms and deteriorating their habitat are prohibited.

2. The procedure for the protection of rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, the procedure for maintaining the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, the Red Data Books of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the procedure for preserving their genetic fund in low-temperature genetic banks and in an artificially created habitat is determined by legislation in the field of environmental protection.

3. Import into the Russian Federation, export from the Russian Federation and transit transportation through the Russian Federation, as well as the turnover of rare and endangered plants, animals and other organisms, their especially valuable species, including plants, animals and other organisms falling under the subject to international treaties of the Russian Federation, governed by the legislation of the Russian Federation, taking into account the generally recognized principles and norms of international law.

Article 61. Protection of the green fund of urban and rural settlements

1. The green fund of urban and rural settlements is a set of green zones, including areas covered with trees and shrubs and areas covered with herbaceous vegetation, within the boundaries of these settlements.

2. Protection of the green fund of urban and rural settlements provides for a system of measures to ensure the preservation and development of the green fund and necessary to normalize the ecological situation and create a favorable environment.

In the territories that are part of the green fund, economic and other activities that have a negative impact on the indicated territories and prevent them from performing their functions of ecological, sanitary and hygienic and recreational purposes are prohibited.

3. State regulation in the field of protection of the green fund of urban and rural settlements is carried out in accordance with the legislation.

Article 62. Protection of rare and endangered soils

1. Rare and endangered soils are subject to state protection, and in order to record and protect them, the Red Book of Soils of the Russian Federation and Red Data Books of soils of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are established, the procedure for maintaining which is determined by legislation on soil protection.

2. The procedure for classifying soils as rare and endangered, as well as the procedure for establishing regimes for the use of land plots, the soils of which are classified as rare and endangered, are determined by legislation.

Chapter X. State monitoring of the environment (state environmental monitoring)

Article 63. Organization of state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring)

1. State monitoring of the environment (state environmental monitoring) is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to monitor the state of the environment, including the state of the environment in areas where sources of anthropogenic impact are located and the impact of these sources on the environment. environment, as well as in order to meet the needs of the state, legal entities and individuals in reliable information necessary to prevent and (or) reduce the adverse consequences of changes in the state of the environment.

2. The procedure for the organization and implementation of state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring) is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

3. Information about the state of the environment, its changes, obtained during the implementation of state environmental monitoring (state environmental monitoring), is used by the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local authorities to develop forecasts of socio-economic development and adoption relevant decisions, development of federal programs in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation, target programs in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and measures for environmental protection.

The procedure for providing information on the state of the environment is regulated by law.

Chapter XI. Control in the field of environmental protection (environmental control)

Article 64. Objectives of control in the field of environmental protection (environmental control)

1. Control in the field of environmental protection (environmental control) is carried out in order to ensure that the bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local authorities, legal entities and individuals comply with legislation in the field of environmental protection, compliance with requirements, including number of standards and regulations in the field of environmental protection, as well as ensuring environmental safety.

2. The Russian Federation carries out state, industrial, municipal and public control in the field of environmental protection.

Article 65. State control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control)

1. State control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) is carried out by federal executive bodies and executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

State control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) is carried out in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

2. The list of facilities subject to federal state environmental control in accordance with this Federal Law and other federal laws is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

3. List officials the federal executive body exercising federal state environmental control (federal state inspectors in the field of environmental protection) is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

4. The list of officials of the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising state environmental control (state inspectors in the field of environmental protection of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation) is established in accordance with the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

5. It is prohibited to combine the functions of state control in the field of environmental protection (state environmental control) and the functions of economic use of natural resources.

Article 66. Rights, duties and responsibilities of state inspectors in the field of environmental protection

1. State inspectors in the field of environmental protection in the performance of their job responsibilities within the limits of their powers, they have the right, in accordance with the established procedure:

to visit organizations, objects of economic and other activities, regardless of the form of ownership, for the purpose of checking, including objects subject to state protection, defense objects, objects civil defense, get acquainted with the documents and other materials necessary for the implementation of state environmental control;

check compliance with regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection, the operation of treatment facilities and other neutralizing devices, controls, as well as the implementation of plans and measures for environmental protection;

check compliance with the requirements, norms and rules in the field of environmental protection during placement, construction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of production and other facilities;

check the fulfillment of the requirements specified in the conclusion of the state environmental expertise, and make proposals for its implementation;

present requirements and issue instructions to legal entities and individuals to eliminate violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection and violations of environmental requirements identified during the implementation of state environmental control;

suspend economic and other activities of legal entities and individuals in case of violation of the legislation in the field of environmental protection;

attract to administrative responsibility persons who have violated the legislation in the field of environmental protection;

exercise other powers determined by legislation.

2. State inspectors in the field of environmental protection are obliged:

prevent, detect and suppress violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection;

explain to violators of legislation in the field of environmental protection of their rights and obligations;

comply with legal requirements.

3. Decisions of state inspectors in the field of environmental protection can be appealed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

4. State inspectors in the field of environmental protection are subject to state protection in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 67. Production control in the field of environmental protection (industrial environmental control)

1. Production control in the field of environmental protection (production environmental control) is carried out in order to ensure the implementation in the process of economic and other activities of measures for environmental protection, rational use and restoration of natural resources, as well as in order to comply with requirements in the field of environmental protection, established by legislation in the field of environmental protection.

2. The subjects of economic and other activities are obliged to provide information on the organization of industrial environmental control to the executive authorities and local self-government bodies exercising, respectively, state and municipal control in the manner prescribed by law.

Article 68. Municipal control in the field of environmental protection (municipal environmental control) and public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control)

1. Municipal control in the field of environmental protection (municipal environmental control) on the territory of the municipality is carried out by local government bodies or their authorized bodies.

2. Municipal control in the field of environmental protection (municipal environmental control) on the territory of the municipality is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and in the manner established by the regulatory legal acts of local governments.

3. Public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control) is carried out in order to realize the right of everyone to a favorable environment and to prevent violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection.

4. Public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control) is carried out by public and other non-profit associations in accordance with their charters, as well as by citizens in accordance with the law.

5. The results of public control in the field of environmental protection (public environmental control) submitted to the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies are subject to mandatory consideration in the manner prescribed by law.

Article 69. State registration of objects that have a negative impact on the environment

1. State registration of objects that have a negative impact on the environment is carried out for the purpose of state regulation of environmental activities, as well as current and forward planning measures to reduce the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment.

2. State registration of objects that have a negative impact on the environment, as well as the assessment of this impact on the environment is carried out in the manner prescribed by law.

3. Objects that have a negative impact on the environment and data on their impact on the environment are subject to state statistical records.

Chapter XII. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection

Article 70. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection

1. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection is carried out for the purpose of social, economic and environmentally balanced development of the Russian Federation, the creation of a scientific basis for environmental protection, the development of scientifically based measures to improve and restore the environment, ensure the sustainable functioning of natural ecological systems, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, ensuring environmental safety.

2. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection is carried out in order to:

development of concepts, scientific forecasts and plans for the conservation and restoration of the environment;

assessing the consequences of the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment;

improving legislation in the field of environmental protection, creating regulations, state standards and other regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection;

developing and improving indicators integrated assessment impact on the environment, methods and methods of their determination;

development and creation of the best technologies in the field of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources;

development of programs for the rehabilitation of territories classified as zones of ecological disaster;

development of measures for the preservation and development of the natural potential and recreational potential of the Russian Federation;

other purposes in the field of environmental protection.

3. Scientific research in the field of environmental protection is carried out by scientific organizations in accordance with the federal law on science and state scientific and technical policy.

Chapter XIII. Fundamentals of the formation of ecological culture

Article 71. Universality and complexity of environmental education

In order to form an ecological culture and professional training of specialists in the field of environmental protection, a system of universal and comprehensive environmental education is being established, including preschool and general education, secondary, vocational and higher vocational education, postgraduate vocational education, professional retraining and advanced training of specialists, and also the dissemination of environmental knowledge, including through the media, museums, libraries, cultural institutions, environmental institutions, sports and tourism organizations.

Article 72. Teaching the basics of environmental knowledge in educational institutions

1. In preschool educational institutions, general educational institutions and educational institutions of additional education, regardless of their profile and organizational and legal forms, the basics of environmental knowledge are taught.

2. In accordance with the profile of educational institutions that carry out professional training, retraining and advanced training of specialists, teaching of educational disciplines on environmental protection, environmental safety and rational use of natural resources is provided.

Article 73. Training of heads of organizations and specialists in the field of environmental protection and ecological safety

Article 74. Environmental education

1. In order to form an ecological culture in society, foster respect for nature, rational use of natural resources, environmental education is carried out through the dissemination of environmental knowledge about environmental safety, information about the state of the environment and the use of natural resources.

2. Environmental education, including informing the population about the legislation in the field of environmental protection and legislation in the field of environmental safety, is carried out by the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, public associations, the media, and also educational institutions, cultural institutions, museums, libraries, environmental institutions, sports and tourism organizations, and other legal entities.

Chapter XIV. Responsibility for violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection and resolution of disputes in the field of environmental protection

Article 75. Types of responsibility for violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection

Property, disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability is established for violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection in accordance with the legislation.

Article 76. Resolution of disputes in the field of environmental protection

Disputes in the field of environmental protection are resolved in court in accordance with the law.

Article 77. Obligation to fully compensate for environmental damage

1. Legal entities and individuals who have caused harm to the environment as a result of its pollution, depletion, damage, destruction, irrational use of natural resources, degradation and destruction of natural ecological systems, natural complexes and natural landscapes and other violations of legislation in the field of environmental protection, are obliged reimburse it in full in accordance with the law.

2. Damage to the environment caused by a business entity and other activities, including the project of which there is a positive conclusion of the state environmental expertise, including activities for the removal of components of the natural environment, is subject to compensation by the customer and (or) the business entity and other activities.

3. Damage to the environment caused by a business entity and other activities shall be compensated in accordance with the established rates and methods for calculating the amount of damage to the environment, and in their absence, based on the actual costs of restoring the disturbed state of the environment, taking into account losses incurred, including lost profits.

Article 78. Procedure for compensation for environmental damage caused by violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection

1. Compensation for harm to the environment caused by violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection is carried out voluntarily or by decision of a court or arbitration court.

Determination of the amount of damage to the environment caused by violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection is carried out based on the actual costs of restoring the disturbed state of the environment, taking into account the losses incurred, including lost profits, as well as in accordance with the projects of reclamation and other restoration work, in their absence, in accordance with the rates and methods for calculating the amount of harm to the environment, approved by the executive authorities in charge of state management in the field of environmental protection.

2. On the basis of a decision of a court or an arbitration court, environmental damage caused by violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection may be compensated by imposing on the defendant the obligation to restore the disturbed state of the environment at his expense in accordance with the project of restoration work.

3. Claims for compensation for damage to the environment caused by violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection may be brought within twenty years.

Article 79. Compensation for harm caused to health and property of citizens as a result of violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection

1. The harm caused to the health and property of citizens by the negative impact of the environment as a result of economic and other activities of legal entities and individuals is subject to compensation in full.

2. Determination of the volume and amount of compensation for harm caused to the health and property of citizens as a result of violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection is carried out in accordance with the legislation.

Article 80. Requirements to restrict, suspend or terminate the activities of persons carried out in violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection

Requests to restrict, suspend or terminate the activities of legal entities and individuals, carried out in violation of environmental legislation, are considered by a court or arbitration court.

Chapter XV. International cooperation in the field of environmental protection

Article 81. Principles of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection

The Russian Federation carries out international cooperation in the field of environmental protection in accordance with generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection.

Article 82. International treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection

1. International treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, which do not require the publication of domestic acts for the application, apply directly to relations arising in the implementation of activities in the field of environmental protection. In other cases, along with international treaty Of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection, the relevant regulatory legal act adopted to implement the provisions of an international treaty of the Russian Federation is applied.

2. If an international treaty of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection establishes rules other than those provided for by this Federal Law, the rules of the international treaty shall apply.

Chapter XVI. Final provisions

Article 83. Entry into force of this Federal Law

This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.

Article 84. Bringing normative legal acts in accordance with this Federal Law

1.From the date of entry into force of this Federal Law, the following shall be declared invalid:

Law of the RSFSR of December 19, 1991 N2060-I "On environmental protection" (Bulletin of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, 1992, N10, art. 457), with the exception of Article 84, which loses its force simultaneously with the introduction into force of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation;

Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N2397-I "On Amendments to Article 20 of the Law of the RSFSR" On Environmental Protection "(Bulletin of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, 1992, N10, Article 459);

Article 4 of the Law of the Russian Federation of June 2, 1993 N5076-I "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the RSFSR" On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population ", the Law of the Russian Federation" On Protection of Consumer Rights ", the Law of the Russian Federation" On Environmental Protection "(Bulletin of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, 1993, N29, Article 1111);

Federal Law of July 10, 2001 N93-FZ "On Amendments to Article 50 of the Law of the RSFSR" On Environmental Protection "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2001, N29, Article 2948).

2. Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of December 19, 1991 N2061-I "On the procedure for enactment of the Law of the RSFSR" On environmental protection "(Bulletin of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, 1992, N10, article 458) loses its force simultaneously with Article 84 of the Law of the RSFSR "On Environmental Protection".

3. The President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation to bring their normative legal acts in line with this Federal Law.

The president
Russian Federation
V. Putin