Administrative responsibility is a punishment for an offense that has a lower degree of danger compared to a crime. In this case, legal sanctions are carried out either by the authorized bodies. Exists different kinds administrative responsibility, which pursue different goals from each other.

Let's consider all of them:

1. Penalty or repressive punitive system. It involves the punishment of the person who committed the offense. Prevents new actions against the law.
2. Preventive or educational system. Responsible for fostering respect for laws and motives for obeying them.
3. Compensatory or remedial system. Responsible for the restoration of the disturbed order and the elimination of harm received by the person against whom the offense was committed.

All types of administrative responsibility are characterized by the following features:

1. Legal sanctions and punitive measures are carried out through the appropriate authorities, that is administrative responsibility constitutes government coercion.
2. Legal sanctions are subject to fairness. They are applied on the basis of established legal norms.
3. Negative liability is assumed, that is, the offender falls into unfavourable conditions... Positive commitments include, for example, the responsibility of the chief accountant to do meaningful work.
4. Administrative liability entails unfavorable conditions and hardships for the offenders. Not only punishment is assumed, but state censure.
5. This implies the final assessment of the violator of the law.

All types of administrative responsibility are also characterized by the fact that they have certain grounds. In particular, these are:

1. Normative basis. Assumes the presence of prohibitions established by law.
2. Actual basis. Implies that there is a violation of the law. In this case, the case must contain the composition of the administrative wrongful act... It is also assumed that the violation of the law is supported by evidence.
3. Procedural basis. It assumes the issuance of a law enforcement act by the relevant authority.

All types of administrative responsibility meet the following principles:

1. Legality. It implies that the person who committed the offense is punished in accordance with established legal norms.
2. Feasibility. Assumes compliance with the measures of influence chosen in relation to the offender.
3. Inevitability. Implies that every offender must be punished.
4. Timeliness. Prompt response to the committed offense is assumed.
5. Justice. Assumes that the punishment is consistent with the severity of the violation of the law.
6. Addition of imposed penalties. If a person has committed several administrative violations, the punishment follows only for the most severe of them if the case is being considered by the same body. In other cases, punitive measures for the crime of law are imposed separately.
7. Humanism. Taking into account the personal characteristics of both the victim and the offender.
8. Publicity. All measures of administrative responsibility assume that the consideration of the case and the issuance of the final verdict will take place with the participation of the public. This principle implies certain educational methods of influencing the offender.

And responsibility for them is very relevant, and not only in terms of the application to legal entities and officials, but also to ordinary citizens. Suffice it to cite an example that now almost every person owns a car, but a significant share of administrative offenses concerns precisely the observance of traffic rules on the road.

This is one of the reasons why it is worth paying attention to the question of what administrative responsibility and what sanctions are provided for violation of the provisions of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. As you know, ignorance of the law is not an excuse. Civil and administrative responsibility is something we face almost every day. Particular attention should be paid to such a concept as the limitation of administrative responsibility, terms always play an important and sometimes decisive role.

The concept of administrative responsibility and its main features

Before talking about procedural terms, fines and other sanctions, it is necessary to understand the essence of administrative responsibility. It lies in the fact that the authorities or apply an administrative penalty against the person who committed the offense. It has features that are characteristic of legal liability in general. But, in addition, it has specific, special features:

1. The procedure for bringing to administrative responsibility, as a rule, is mostly of an extrajudicial nature, that is, the punishment is imposed by persons holding positions in government bodies the executive branch of the Russian Federation.
2. Punishment for offenders is imposed by officials who are not subordinate to them. This is the difference between administrative responsibility and disciplinary responsibility. Since with the latter, the offender, as a rule, is directly subordinate to the official who imposes penalties.
3. Bringing to administrative responsibility does not lead to a conviction for a person who has decided on a wrongful act.
4. An essential feature is the fact that not only individuals, but also legal entities can be involved.
5. Bringing to administrative responsibility occurs for acts that are not as dangerous as crimes. For example, offenses that infringe on sanitary and epidemiological standards concerning the well-being of the population and their health, as well as in the field of traffic safety on the road, in construction, etc. Consequently, the penalties are less severe than for criminal offenses.
6. An administrative responsibility of the Code of Administrative Offenses RF and Federal laws of the constituent entities of the RF, which are adopted in accordance with it.

Administrative offense: what is it?

Administrative offense and administrative responsibility are two closely interrelated concepts. The first is invariably the basis for the second and entails its offensive. In the scientific literature, an administrative offense is understood as an action (guilty inaction) of legal entities and individuals, which is illegal and for which Administrative Code of the Russian Federation or the laws adopted by its subjects establish administrative responsibility.

As you know, action and inaction are two sides of a wrongful act. The first is understood as an active, deliberate violation of the established norm or failure to fulfill any obligation prescribed in the law of the Russian Federation. Inaction presupposes indifference, failure to fulfill the duties assigned to the person.

For example, the following situation: some organization or individual entrepreneur opens a bank account. But he does not present a certificate of registration with the tax office. This is a violation of the law by a bank official, provided for articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses RF (15.7).

Signs of an unlawful administrative act

In total, it is customary to distinguish three features:

• the wrongfulness of the act, which means a mandatory violation of any rule of law;
• guilt, this sign suggests the presence of intent or negligence in the commission of a wrongful act; in the first case, the person understands and realizes the nature of his actions that are contrary to the law and foresees the onset of harmful consequences and wants this or consciously admits them, or is indifferent to what is happening (for example, the driver's passage to a red light); in case of negligence, a person realizes the possibility, but naively and arrogantly counts on their prevention; intent can be direct or indirect, the most elementary example in the first case is the misuse of funds from the budget;
• the punishability of the act lies in the fact that administrative responsibility is provided for and established by the laws of the subjects of Russia or the Code of Administrative Offenses for the committed unlawful act.

Composition of an administrative offense

This term is understood as a set of signs, the presence of which characterizes a specific act as an administrative offense. And administrative responsibility for it is provided for by the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Compositional characteristics of the same type form its elements. These include:

1. The object is always social relations, regulated exclusively by the norms of law, not only administrative, but also environmental, financial, tax, labor, land and other industries, administrative responsibility occurs for their violation.
2. The objective side is expressed in the system of signs provided for by the rules of law, which determine the external manifestation of offenses (action or inaction and the resulting dangerous consequences). For example, a violation by a driver of traffic rules can be expressed in various acts: overtaking, driving through a red light, etc. In this case, there may be consequences dangerous for society, for example, the formation emergency on the road, committing a traffic accident, threatening other drivers.
3. A subject is a legal entity or one that is sane and has reached the age of sixteen. It is from this age that it is permissible to bring a person to administrative responsibility. The subject can be general (any person) or special, for example, a driver, officials and special - military personnel. For different categories of this element of the offense, different sanctions may be provided under the same article of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. The situation with servicemen serves as a direct example; in most cases, they bear administrative responsibility not on a general basis.
4. The subjective side characterizes the person's perception of the illegal act committed by him and its consequences. A mandatory feature of this element of the composition is the presence of guilt, which can be in the form of intent or through negligence. Various structures of administrative offenses are characterized by optional features of the subjective side, they include motive and purpose. The first term is understood as what pushes a person to commit an offense. And the goal is his idea of ​​the final desired result, to which he aspired.

The elements of the composition of an illegal act are the same regardless of what kind of liability (administrative, criminal) is provided for.

The concept and types of administrative punishments

An administrative penalty is understood as a measure of responsibility established by the state for committing an offense prescribed in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and used to prevent the commission of new violations.

At the moment, the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation approves such types of punishments as:

• a warning, in other words, an official censure, issued in writing;
• (the most common measure, which is provided for by most of the articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and, as practice shows, the most effective);
• confiscation (or repayable seizure) of the instrument or the subject of the offense;
• deprivation of the right, which was specially granted to individuals;
• administrative arrest;
• expulsion of a citizen of a foreign state or a person who does not have citizenship from the Russian Federation;
• disqualification;
• administrative suspension of activities.

Most of the penalties listed are under the exclusive jurisdiction of judges.

This issue is provided for by domestic legislation, it deals with the issuance of a decision in cases of an administrative offense, for which a period of no more than two months is given, calculated from the moment of its commission. Such is general order bringing to administrative responsibility. But, as you know, each rule has exceptions, all of them are specified in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, part one of Article 4.5. For example, this is a violation of copyright and related rights, about internal sea ​​waters, about the exceptional economic zone and others, the limitation period for bringing to administrative responsibility for them is one year.

The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation allows only one case when given time may be suspended. This is a situation when the person, in respect of whom the proceedings are being conducted, submits a petition (in writing) to consider the case directly at his place of residence and the authorized bodies satisfy him. The term is suspended from the moment when the decision to satisfy the petition is made and until the time when the materials on the case are received by the judge, the official authorized to consider these materials. Thus, the time of sending documents is not included in the limitation period of administrative responsibility.

Release from administrative liability

This situation is possible in three cases:

1. The insignificance of the act is one of the main factors for the removal of administrative responsibility. The signs of the subjective and objective side are taken into account, mitigating and This issue is decided by the official, body or judge who is authorized to consider this case. They can make a remark orally, which will not entail legal consequences.
2. The second option is to replace with another type of punishment, for example, disciplinary liability.
3. Other grounds. In particular, if the offense was committed by a person aged sixteen to of legal age, a special commission can make a decision on exemption from administrative responsibility and resort to measures of influence provided for by federal legislation protecting the rights of minors.

The procedure for bringing to administrative responsibility: procedural terms

The question of procedural timeframes has special meaning and importance. Every citizen should know and remember this, as well as the statute of limitations for administrative liability, especially since in life almost everyone encounters the articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

The first thing you need to know is that within three days the protocol drawn up on the commission administrative offense, must be transferred to the person or bodies authorized to consider it, as stated in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation (Article 28.8). If any errors are found in it, then a period not exceeding 72 hours is given to eliminate them.

After considering the issue, a decision is made. For consideration of the case authorized bodies the term is given up to 2 months, the judge - up to three. The resolution is announced immediately.

Its in mandatory sent to the one who drew up the protocol, no later than three days from the date of issue.

It is important to remember that the decision to impose an administrative penalty is not executed if it has not been done within two years.

Appealing against a resolution on an administrative offense

Very often, especially in matters involving road traffic and the rules of its violation, court decisions will be appealed. If it is made by a judge, then the complaint must be written to a higher court. It contains complete data (full name, registration address and actual residence, phone number). Further, they describe the current situation, arguing in detail the reasons for disagreement with the decision and referring to Art. 30.1-30.8 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation are asked to cancel it. The complaint should be accompanied by evidence confirming all the circumstances described. The deadline for submission is ten days. If it is missed, then, if there are valid reasons (illness, difficult life situation), you can write a petition for its restoration. The complaint must be reviewed within 10 days.

Legal entities and persons holding public office: bringing to administrative responsibility

The procedure for bringing to administrative responsibility is regulated by the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, the norms of which establish a very significant number of offenses and responsibility for their commission, which is assigned to legal entities. In mathematical expression, this figure is 58% of the total number of articles of the Special Part of the Administrative Code. Bringing to administrative responsibility may entail the imposition of penalties, which can reach a fairly impressive amount, the confiscation of the instrument that committed the offense, and the suspension of activities for up to 90 days. The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation says that a legal entity will be found guilty of committing an administrative offense if it is established that it had the ability to comply with the rules and regulations established by law, but all measures depending on it were not taken to comply with them.

In addition, the legislation separately notes the administrative responsibility of officials, the involvement of which is carried out in the event of an offense in connection with improper performance or simply dereliction of duty. Officials are understood as persons who are authorized by the state to carry out the function of representatives of the authorities (permanently or on a temporary basis). These also, according to the law, include citizens who are engaged in entrepreneurial activity, but not registered as a legal entity. Administrative violations and administrative responsibility of officials is provided for in more than 2/3 articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation (Special Part).

CHAPTER 4 BASIS AND PROCEDURE FOR INVOLVEMENT TO ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY

The only basis for the onset of administrative responsibility is the commission administrative offense, under which an unlawful, guilty act (inaction) of an individual or legal entity is recognized, for which administrative responsibility is established by the Code of Administrative Offenses or the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (Article 2.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). An administrative offense must have all

listed legal features(wrongfulness, guilt) and its composition must include the elements provided for by the rule of law (object, objective side, subject, subjective side).

Objectan administrative offense is a set of social relations, which are aimed at illegal actions (inaction). These can be human and civil rights and freedoms; health of citizens; sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population; public morality; environment; the established procedure for the exercise of state power; public order, legitimate economic interests of individuals and legal entities, society and the state, etc.

Objective side an administrative offense consists in a specific action (inaction) of a person who has violated an established rule and, in connection with this, entails administrative responsibility provided for by law; the objective side also includes the method, place, time, instruments and means of committing an offense and other circumstances.

By the subjectoffense is the one who committed an administrative offense - individuals and legal entities. The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of administrative liability only for persons who have reached the age of 16. Failure to reach natural person at the time of the commission of unlawful acts of the age required by law, excludes the proceedings on the case or leads it to termination. At the same time, providing for the responsibility of citizens for administrative offenses from the age of 16, the Code establishes a number of additional guarantees for them. Thus, administrative arrest cannot be applied to juvenile offenders under the age of 18 (part 2 of article 3.9 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation); minority is a mitigating circumstance

(Clause 4, Part 1, Article 4.2 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation).

Subjective side an administrative offense is expressed in guilt. Totally agree guilty illegal action (inaction) occurs legal responsibility... The law provides for two forms of guilt of an administrative offense: intent and negligence (Article 2.2 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation). So, an administrative offense is recognized as committed intentionally if the person who committed it was aware of the illegal nature of his action (inaction), foresaw its harmful consequences and wished for such consequences to occur or deliberately allowed them (direct intent) or treated them indifferently (indirect intent). The content of careless guilt also consists of two elements: frivolity is a person's foresight of the possibility of the occurrence of harmful consequences of his action or inaction, combined with a presumptuous calculation to prevent them, and negligence is the failure to foresee such a possibility, provided that the person should and could have foreseen the occurrence of these in the law of consequences.

Administrative penalty is a measure of responsibility applied for committing an administrative offense. It is a form of state and a kind of administrative coercion and is a legal assessment of an action (action or inaction) of an administrative offense.

Administrative punishment for an individual should be applied within the limits of civilized standards, should not be aimed at humiliating human dignity and causing physical suffering to a person. These guidelines are consistent with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948, and the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, which entered into force in 1987, as well as the European Convention for the Protection human rights and fundamental freedoms.

An administrative penalty applied to a legal entity should not be aimed at damaging its business reputation.

Article 3.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation systematized types of administrative penalties that can be established and applied to persons who have committed an administrative offense.

Administrative penalties subdivided into two main groups: basic and additional.

The main ones are those administrative punishments that cannot be imposed in addition to other types of administrative punishments. Thus, a warning, an administrative fine, deprivation of a special right, administrative arrest, disqualification and administrative suspension of activities can be established and applied only as the main ones.

The rest of the administrative punishments (compensated seizure of the instrument of committing or the subject of an administrative offense, confiscation of the instrument of committing or the subject of an administrative offense, as well as administrative expulsion from the Russian Federation of a foreign citizen or stateless person) can be applied both as main and as additional penalties, enhancing the impact potential of the main punishment. At the same time, an additional punishment can be imposed by a judge, body, or official considering the case only if this punishment is provided for in the sanction of the applicable article of the Special Part of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

It should be noted that the list of these administrative punishments is closed, exhaustive, since the determination of the types of administrative punishments is the prerogative of only the federal legislator, i.e. the list of types of administrative penalties can be changed only by amending art. 3.2 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation in the prescribed manner.

Thus, currently can be applied the following types administrative penalties:

A warning(Article 3.4 of the Administrative Offenses Code of the Russian Federation) - a measure of administrative punishment expressed in the official censure of an individual or legal entity. Most often, a warning is provided for in sanctions, alternatively with an administrative fine.

The warning must be in writing. It applies mainly to persons guilty of committing minor administrative offenses (for example, driving a vehicle by a driver who does not have the documents provided for by the Traffic Regulations, Art.

12.3 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation).

Application of a warning, as well as other administrative punishment, entails appropriate legal implications... In particular, a person who has been assigned this administrative punishment is considered to have been subjected to this punishment within 1 year from the date of completion of the execution of the order on the appointment of a warning. If, within a year, such a person commits a new administrative offense, a more severe administrative penalty may be applied to him.

Administrative penalty (Article 3.5 of the Administrative Offenses Code of the Russian Federation) - the most common type of administrative punishment; it is a monetary recovery from the offender of a certain amount, established in a specific composition of an administrative offense. The main indicator of legal restrictions that make up the content of this type of punishment is the size of the administrative fine.

In this regard, an administrative fine can be expressed in a multiple, for example, minimum size wages (excluding regional coefficients) established by federal law at the time of termination or suppression of an administrative offense; the cost of the subject of an administrative offense at the time of the end or suppression of an administrative offense; the amount of unpaid and payable at the time of the end or suppression of an administrative offense of taxes, fees or customs duties, etc.

Paid seizure of the instrument of committing or the subject of an administrative offense (Article 3.6 of the Administrative Offenses Code of the Russian Federation) is a measure of administrative responsibility property nature and can only be applied to the owner of items that were used as instruments of committing or were the subject of an administrative offense. Thus, items and tools that are not the property of the offender are not subject to seizure.

Compensated seizure of the instrument of committing or the subject of an administrative offense is their compulsory seizure and subsequent implementation with the transfer former owner the proceeds less the costs of selling the seized item.

Paid seizure of the specified tools and items in accordance with the requirements of Art. 35 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (according to which no one can be deprived of their property except by a court decision) can only be appointed by a judge (for example, in case of violation

the rules for storing, carrying or destroying weapons and ammunition for it by citizens or violating the rules for collecting or exhibiting weapons and cartridges for it - parts 2, 3 of Art. 20.8 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation).

At the same time, the legislator establishes some restrictions on the application of this type of punishment. Thus, the onerous seizure of hunting weapons, ammunition and other permitted hunting or fishing gear cannot be applied to persons for whom hunting or fishing is the main legal source of livelihood.

Confiscation of the instrument of committing or the subject of an administrative offense (Article 3.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation) consists in the compulsory gratuitous treatment of items not withdrawn from circulation into federal property or into the property of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Confiscation is imposed only by a court decision and can be established only in cases directly specified in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation on liability for a specific administrative offense (for example, for carrying out entrepreneurial activities without a special permit (license), if such a permit (such license) is mandatory (mandatory ) - part 2 of article 14 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

The Code defines some categories of persons to whom this type of administrative punishment cannot be applied. Thus, the confiscation of hunting weapons, ammunition and other permitted hunting or fishing gear cannot be applied to persons for whom hunting or fishing is the main legal source of livelihood.

Deprivation special law (Article 3.8 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation) lies in the fact that within a certain period, this person is prohibited from using the right previously granted to him. This type of punishment is established exclusively by a judge for a gross or systematic violation of the procedure for exercising this right in cases where provided for in Articles Special part of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). Currently appointed: deprivation of the right to drive vehicles, self-propelled vehicles or other types of equipment (Art. 9.3); deprivation of the right to navigate a ship on a maritime, inland water transport, a small vessel (Art. 11.7 and others); car control vehicles(Art. 12.8, etc.), etc.

The term of deprivation of a special right cannot be less than 1 month and more than 2 years. However, the law provides for certain restrictions in the imposition of punishment in the form of deprivation of a special right. Thus, deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle cannot be applied to a person who uses a vehicle due to disability, except for cases of driving in a state of intoxication, avoiding passing in the prescribed manner medical examination to the state of intoxication, as well as the abandonment of the specified person in violation of the established rules of the place of a road traffic accident (RTA), of which he was a participant.

Administrative arrest (Article 3.9 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation) is one of the most severe punishments imposed by the court only in exceptional cases for certain types administrative offenses. In particular, this punishment appears in the sanctions of articles on responsibility for failure to comply with a lawful order of a judge to terminate actions that violate the rules established in the court (Article 17.3); disobedience legal requirement a serviceman in connection with the performance of his duties to protect the state border of the Russian Federation (Art. 18.7); disobedience to a lawful order of a police officer or an employee of the penal system (Article 19.3); petty hooliganism(violation of public order, expressing clear disrespect for society, accompanied by obscene language in public places, insulting harassment of citizens, as well as destruction or damage to other people's property - Art.20.1).

An administrative arrest is concluded in keeping the offender in isolation from society and is established for a period of up to 15 days, and for violation of the requirements of the state of emergency or the legal regime of a counterterrorist operation - up to 30 days.

This type of punishment cannot be applied to pregnant women, women with children under the age of 14, persons under the age of 18, disabled persons of groups I and II, military personnel, citizens called up for military training, as well as to those who have special titles employees of internal affairs bodies, bodies and institutions of the penal system, the State fire service, bodies for control over the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and customs authorities... All these circumstances must be confirmed by appropriate documents.

Administrative expulsion from the Russian Federation of a foreign citizen or stateless person (Article 3.10 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation) consists in the forced and controlled movement of a foreign citizen or stateless person outside the Russian Federation or in the controlled independent departure of such a person from the Russian Federation.

It is established in relation to foreign citizens or stateless persons and is appointed by a judge, and in the case of committing foreign citizen or by a stateless person of an administrative offense upon entering the Russian Federation - by the relevant officials. Specific compositions of administrative offenses, for the commission of which the possibility of applying such punishment is provided, are contained, for example, in Art. 18.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation (part 2) - violation of the regime of the state border of the Russian Federation; in st. 18.8 - violation by a foreign citizen or stateless person of the rules of entry into the Russian Federation or the regime of stay (residence) in the Russian Federation, etc.

Disqualification (Article 3.11 of the Administrative Offenses Code of the Russian Federation) is a new type of administrative punishment for domestic legislation on administrative offenses. At its core, disqualification is a restriction of the constitutional right to exercise

the occurrence of entrepreneurial and other activities not prohibited by law (part 1 of article 34 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) for gross or repeated abuse of this right.

It consists in depriving an individual of the right to hold managerial positions in the executive management body of a legal entity, to be a member of the board of directors (supervisory board), to exercise entrepreneurial activity to manage a legal entity, as well as to manage a legal entity in other cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation. An administrative penalty in the form of disqualification is imposed by a judge for a period of 6 months to 3 years.

This type of punishment is applied, for example, for violation of labor and labor protection legislation by an official previously subjected to administrative punishment for a similar administrative offense (Article 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation); for fictitious or deliberate bankruptcy (Art. 14.12, etc.).

Administrative suspension of activities (Article 3.12 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation) consists in the temporary suspension (for up to 90 days) of the implementation of certain types of activities (work) or the provision of services by guilty individuals and legal entities.

It is used in the event of a threat to the life or health of people, the occurrence of an epidemic, an epizootic, infection (clogging) of regulated objects with quarantine objects, the onset of a radiation accident or a man-made disaster, causing significant harm to the state or quality of the environment, or in the event of an administrative offense in the field of drug trafficking. drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, in the field of combating the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime, and the financing of terrorism (for example, in accordance with Article 6.3 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, this type of punishment is applied for violation of legislation in the field of welfare of the population).

Medical law: educational complex for universities / Sergeev Yu.D. - 2008 .-- 784 p.