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Recommendations for self-study. How to learn to learn. Rapid learning methods For learners to master independently

“Real education is only self-education” (P.L. Kapitsa)

The school is designed to educate and educate the younger generation based on the real requirements of life, taking into account market relations.

Practical and independent work in teaching geography is of great importance, since it contributes to the growth of independence, ensures the formation of knowledge and skills to apply knowledge in practice and acquire new ones.

In the era of the information explosion, for the formation of personality and self-realization of school graduates, it is necessary to be able to navigate the ocean of information. The specificity of geography lies in the fact that a prerequisite for obtaining geographic knowledge is the ability to use various sources of geographic information of a polytechnic nature:

  • cartographic (reading maps of various content);
  • statistical (graphs, diagrams, tables);
  • text.

If in the lower grades the task was to teach how to learn, then in the senior grades the task becomes more complicated, since it is necessary to learn on your own:

  • learn to plan your activities;
  • rationally use your own and other people's time;
  • work with reference, additional literature;
  • write notes, abstracts, abstracts.

How to realistically assess your capabilities, learn how to highlight the educational task, make plans in preparation for tests and exams?

The developed memos and instructions allow the teacher to give differentiated tasks, develop creative thinking, form practical skills and abilities, help consolidate students 'knowledge of each section of the school curriculum, and contribute to the development of students' self-organization skills.

By changing their attitude to their work - learning, students get the opportunity to be harmoniously developed healthy young people with solid knowledge and high intelligence, and, therefore, our country will be great both in terms of area and capabilities.

What is the first thing to learn?

First of all, the ability to highlight a learning task: clearly imagine what the purpose of each task is, which you do not know how to do yet. You cannot substitute homework for a study task.

How can I learn this?

  1. Distinguish a learning task from a specific task.
  2. Highlight the subject of assimilation in the material. The sense of comprehensibility that arose during reading does not yet indicate assimilation.

The ability to single out an educational task refers to the ability of mental activity along with properly organized perception (the ability not to be distracted), memory, creative thinking (problematic vision, the ability to put forward a hypothesis, foresee the development of phenomena, etc.), logical thinking (possession of methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison , evidence, abstraction, etc.); general and special erudition.

Learn to acquire knowledge!

Where to begin?

Organize your desktop

The need to prepare a workplace in production - to lay out tools, bring materials, arrange them conveniently - is recognized by everyone. But educational work is more important! The arrangement of items on the desk where you prepare your homework should be consistent.

How to arrange?

  • In front of you - a notebook and a book;
  • on the right - writing materials (pens, pencils, paper for extracts, ruler);
  • on the left - additional literature;
  • right, spine to you - reference books.

Everything should be at hand!

How to get started

Remember, the longer you delay starting to prepare your homework, the more effort it will take to get yourself started. Psychologists know well when a person does work that is not interesting, at first he works with difficulty, forcing himself. As he gets involved in work, he spends less and less volitional efforts. Often there is interest in the work being done or the result. Business goes faster and more efficiently. Thus, a person who is delaying the start of work lengthens its first difficult stage. The longer the first stage, the more unpleasant the memories of work.

You can tune in to effective work by a series of orders: “I can do it,” “I’ll be in time,” “I will do it,” etc.

It is important to get down to business without buildup. Remember, "reprieve is a thief of time." (E. Jung).

Time scheduling

Want to have more free time? Do you get tired quickly sitting over textbooks or lectures? Submit your daily routine to a clear and scientifically based rhythm.

It's not about getting all of humanity out of bed at the same hours, but about how to better allocate your time. The daily routine is based on the biological law of rhythm, the constant repetition of physiological processes. Natural peaks of performance, individual for each person, should coincide with the loads that we create for ourselves.

Start by planning for one work day - schedule the work for tomorrow in the evening. At the end of the day, take stock of the day's work. Try to make a work plan for the week, taking into account your capabilities and external circumstances, taking into account the weekly schedule of classes or lectures. There are assignments that the teacher gives for a long time (for example, home writing). Use more free days for the preparation of a large volume of material.

Follow the plan by following two rules:

  • sit down for lessons exactly at the scheduled time;
  • in the process of work, do not go beyond the time allotted for each of the items.

It is better to go to school without completing one of the lessons than not learning the other two. If something does not work out, it is better to switch to another task, and then return to the difficult one. Use a variety of techniques to force yourself to understand the subject matter deeply and thoroughly. This is the recording of material, and drawing up diagrams, tables, and telling yourself, a mirror or your beloved cat.

"Time is the cheapest and at the same time the most precious thing we have, because thanks to it - time - we get everything." (J. Rainis)

The expediency of classes with classmates

It is useful for a weak student to study together with strong ones, to master work techniques and habits. And it is useful for the strong.

First, by teaching, we learn ourselves; secondly, knowledge gaps will immediately become visible.

But it is not good to turn to strong disciples with or without reason. You should not seek help until you are absolutely convinced that you will not overcome the difficulties you yourself have encountered. It also happens: the strong do not so much help as demonstrate their knowledge, their superiority.

Do not be distracted by extraneous conversations!

Explain the material should be the one who knows it worse, and the knowledgeable should carefully follow the presentation in order to supplement and clarify it.

We learn:

10% of the read; 20 % heard; 50 % seen and heard at the same time; 70 % what we discuss with others; 80 % what they learned on 95% of what we teach to others!

“Teaching others, we learn ourselves” (Seneca)

How to work with the original source

Let's say hello to the first, test, tangential reading. A frivolous acquaintance, no more. Well, of course, if it turns out to be a little festive.

Nothing special in the second reading, detailed, penetrating. Consider, “listen”; wander along the paths connecting semantic spaces; still listen to the roll-over of meanings, to the contrasts of intonations and attitudes; breathe in the salt of contradictions ... "

V. Levy, psychologist

  1. Pay attention to the timing, history, and purpose of the piece.
  2. Read the text of the work or portions of it.
  3. Underline the incomprehensible words.
  4. Break the text into semantic parts.
  5. Highlight the main provisions. Make notes in the text, try to find the main ideas that will be the answers to the questions.
  6. Draw conclusions. Write down the required positions in your notebook.

Remember the rule of 6 questions:

You are offered one of the simple but effective methods that will help you assimilate the main ideas of various texts.

To master this method, try answering six basic questions:

WHO? WHAT? WHEN? WHY? WHERE? AS?

Read the text with these SIX QUESTIONS in mind. Apply the six-question method all the time.

What is your memory?

Many people complain about leaky memory. In our time, when whole streams of information constantly fall on a person, it is especially important to keep it in the head for as long as possible. Can you do something significant with your memory, make it work better? To do this, you need to be able to organize your memory, structure it.

Techniques for doing this have been known since ancient times. So the Dominican monks as early as the 16th century, learning oratory, used the method of "attachment to the locality" ("the method of places" in modern psychology) to memorize speech. A person took a path familiar to him to the smallest detail and mentally walked along it, consistently laying out thoughts and ideas along the way, which he had to express later. While speaking, he mentally walked this path again, raising the words and thoughts that had been laid out in advance there. Unfortunately in schools, practically do not teach memorization techniques using the same cramming method. Meanwhile, without training, memory gradually weakens, people gradually turn into intellectual dystrophics, unable to keep in mind several multi-digit numbers at once for even a short time. What to do with it? Train! (See Appendix 2, Appendix 3)

There are several types of memory:

  • Verbal-logical (the basis of all our knowledge); one of the people turns out to be capable, whose verbal-logical memory is better developed;
  • Visual memory obtained with the help of visual, auditory, tactile sensations; people with such a memory remember exactly the location of the text, its volume, the appearance of the book;
  • Motor (to rely on this type of memory, start each book with a pencil, make notes, draw diagrams, draw up tables);
  • Emotional memory.

Underdeveloped types and properties of memory should be developed. Her upbringing needs special efforts, the most important of which is the development of volitional qualities. Failure to remember is often an indicator not of a bad memory, but of a person's weak will.

If you have a well-developed visual memory:

  1. Remember that it is always best for you to have the material with which you are working in front of your eyes. The more often you see him, the faster and better you will remember.
  2. When solving problems, always have before your eyes the text of the problem or a short condition.
  3. When memorizing poems and different texts, read the material yourself and as many times as you need, and do not ask anyone about it.
  4. When memorizing various rules, make reference tables for the rule that you can use in class and at home.

If you have a well-developed auditory memory:

  1. As you memorize various rules, poem stories, and other texts, it will be easier for you to memorize if someone reads aloud and you listen carefully.
  2. If no one can help, then you should read carefully, without rushing.
  3. After reading, you need to try to repeat what you read aloud.
  4. It is necessary to read the material as many times as it takes to memorize.

There are special memorization techniques:

  1. Formation of a mindset for the completeness and accuracy of memorization, for its duration. However, the mindset can also be for short-term memorization (for example, memorize before the test or before the exam, which will be in a few days);
  2. Focused attention;
  3. Repetition;
  4. Comprehension;
  5. Establishing associative links.

Associative connections are usually widely used in the so-called rote memorization, the extreme manifestation of which is cramming. In Chekhov's well-known story "The Horse Family", General Buldeev's clerk tried to recall the name of the Ovs, using his firmly established association with a horse.

Memorization rules

  1. Concentrate, aim at memorization.
  2. Try to understand the main meaning of the material presented, otherwise mechanical memory will act, which is less productive than logical memory.
  3. Pay special attention to the structure of the material, understand what caused such a sequence of its presentation.
  4. Say new terms, place names, dates several times.
  5. Speak aloud the formulations of conclusions, patterns, concepts.
  6. Play all material as planned.

Pay attention to the information:

Don't scold your memory. Do not say the word "forgot", but say: "How good that I remembered about this." (See Appendix 1).

Memorization of verbal and logical material

Such material is remembered better if it is interesting for the person who memorizes it and if the person already has a large amount of knowledge in the area to which this memorized material belongs. Suvorov once said: "I believe Locke that memory is the storeroom of the mind, but there are many partitions in this storeroom, and therefore everything should be put as soon as it should be."

"A head filled with fragmentary, incoherent knowledge is like a pantry in which everything is in disarray and where the owner himself will not find anything." (K. Ushinsky, Russian teacher)

There is a so-called “law of the volume of material”. The amount of knowledge we have at our disposal can be compared to a magnet: the larger it is, the more forcefully it attracts pieces of iron to itself. Memorizing from scratch is the most difficult thing. Such memorization is required by formulas, poems, theorems, chronology, formulations of basic laws, definitions.

Literature

  1. Belyakova L.G. “How to Learn to Learn”. Publishing house "Prostory". Angarsk. 2003.
  2. Maltseva S. “Children must be loaded” (article, newspaper “Friday” No. 49 of 10.12.04)

Learning on your own is not a problem today: the choice of online course options with the best teachers is almost limitless. The problem is self-organization and self-discipline. How not to be lazy, not to postpone learning and enjoy self-education? Co-founder of Prometheus online course platformIvan Primachenko shared his experience and gave a couple of practical tips.

Knowledge is the main driving force of modern society, a source of strength and competitive advantage in work and life. However, the traditional education system is less and less able to meet the growing human needs for actual knowledge and skills. As Camus said, school is a place where we are prepared for life in a world that no longer exists. Even the best university can no longer provide students with knowledge that will last them for a lifetime. Every 5-10 years, their specialty can be modified beyond recognition. Social media, smartphones, the energy revolution, big data, self-driving cars are just some of the phenomena that have fundamentally changed many professions and spawned new ones over the past 10 years. The times when education was only a child and youth stage in a person's life are coming to an end. Now, in order to be successful, each of us needs to learn throughout our lives. But for this, you first have to master a skill that is not taught in Ukrainian schools and universities: to learn to study on your own.

The myth of talent. Fixed mindset and growth mindset

The topic of learning something new is fanned by a huge number of myths, the most common and harmful of which is talent myth... Its essence lies in the fact that success in the study of a particular case depends on innate abilities - a talent that can be developed or buried, but cannot be drunk. Talent is either there or not.

Modern teaching science completely refutes this myth. From Blum's pioneering research in the 1980s to the modern fundamental publication The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance, studies of the biographies of great and simply famous people have never been able to find "talent" (innate predispositions) for certain intellectual skills. It turned out that even IQ level only weakly correlates with professional success, let alone an elusive talent. However, the myth of talent doesn't just mislead us: it actively damages our ability to learn and improve.

In this regard, Carol Dweck, a researcher and professor at Stanford University, distinguishes two types of thinking: fixed mindset and growth mindset.


People with fixed thinking believe that their success is predetermined by innate ability. If a person lacks talent or intelligence, then this cannot be fixed. Individuals with this type of thinking are often afraid to make mistakes, to be defeated, because, in their opinion, this demonstrates an innate lack of abilities. That is why they avoid difficult tasks in which there is a risk of failure, and do not accept any negative feedback, because any criticism can completely undermine their self-esteem.

People with mindset of growth on the contrary, they are sure that everything that a person achieves comes from hard work and perseverance. Even if they fail, they see it as just another opportunity to draw conclusions and hone their skills. Such people are not afraid of tasks outside their comfort zone, do not lose heart at the first setbacks, and are always happy to receive feedback, even if it means being ready to accept criticism.

For effective learning, even more than for being successful in any other endeavor, it is important to maintain a growth mindset and avoid a fixed mindset.


Three Strategies for Successful Learning

The already legendary 2007 Harvard Business Review article, The Making of an Expert, provides an overview of three major scientifically established factors that will help you become an outstanding expert in a particular field.

At first, time spent in deliberate practice a new skill or skill. We are talking about the rule of 10,000 hours (or 10 years): this is how long you need to consciously practice to become a world-class expert in something. The key word here is "mindfulness" - any amount of thoughtless mechanical repetition will not improve your skills in any way. Deliberate practice involves setting goals for each lesson, fixing and analyzing the results of each such "lesson".

Second, effective teaching involves constant access to the best teachers and mentors... You will need different mentors at different levels of study. First the best local teachers, then the national level, and then the world-class experts. The best teachers speed up learning, structure the process of mastering new knowledge, motivate and control the implementation of independent work. Your main and ultimate goal is to become the best teacher and mentor for yourself. All outstanding experts have this property.

Third, the best learning is facilitated by family and community support... Great people come together, maintain close bonds, and learn from each other. Working and connecting with the best helps you become the best.

Interesting fact: the biographies of many people traditionally considered to be outstanding child prodigies fit perfectly with the conditions set out above. The most famous example of Mozart, who is rumored to be a fantastic innate talent. However, one should not forget that Mozart's music studies began at the age of 4, his father was a famous music teacher and the author of one of the first textbooks on violin playing, which inspired the young Wolfgang to constantly rehearse.


Seven Rules for Successful Learning

1... Learning is effective when given with effort. A person must make a conscious effort to learn new skills and abilities. Knowledge gained without effort is like imprints in the sand: very soon there will be no trace of it.

2. We only achieve sustainable improvement when we can measure our progress. A person is prone to illusions in assessing the effectiveness of his studies. As a rule, we overestimate our success from a cursory acquaintance with the material and misjudge the rate of our progress. To avoid this, you need to constantly monitor your progress through objective measurement: tests, a variety of standardized skill tests, and even trivial self-examination questions at the end of a book chapter will allow you to soberly assess our progress in learning.

3.Classic school and university training methods are ineffective. Rereading texts and rote cramming give nothing. These are easy teaching methods that go against the first rule. They do not force us to strain our mind for real, but simply tire it out with monotonous repetition.


4. Remembering practices are the foundation of learning. The more times we remember information, the longer it will be stored in our memory. There are two effective remembering techniques.

The first is deferred recall: On the card, on one side, write the question, on the other - the answer to it. First, you need to study the content of the card, then, after a day, try to remember it. If you remember correctly the answer indicated on the back of the card, you can postpone it for a week until the next repetition. If you made a mistake, you must repeat it the next day. The longer the chain of successful recalls, the larger the interval should be before the next repetition. This system is especially popular for learning foreign words, and many of us have come across it in services like Anki or LinguaLeo. However, with the help of the simplest flashcards or even the most basic handwritten synopsis, the deferred recall system can be adapted to study almost any subject.

A second extremely effective recall technique is mixing topics and types of tasks... If you're learning English, don't artificially divide your learning into grammar, vocabulary, and speaking skills. It is better to study them at the same time, alternating one type of activity with another. If you are solving different subtypes of math problems within the same topic, mix them up so that each time you have to think about which subtype of problem you are dealing with.

5. Try to solve the problem before you are taught how to solve it. Don't rush to read about how another management legend saved his company. First, think about what you would do if you were in his place. It doesn't matter if you can find the right answer or not. The mere fact that you make an effort, try to "invent your own bike" before you get a ready answer, will help you quickly and deeper understand a new idea or a way to solve a problem.


6. "Learning styles" like "visual" or "auditory" are a myth... We have no serious scientific evidence of their existence. On the contrary, research indicates that the information that is best remembered is the information in the perception of which the maximum of the senses and various associations are involved. And this is quite logical, because knowledge is constructed.

Many people believe that our memory is an empty container into which we simply fill in new information until it is filled to the brim. However, this concept is deeply flawed. In real life, new knowledge is always tied to the information that is already stored in our memory. New concepts and ideas can be understood and perceived by us only with the help of already familiar concepts and ideas. Therefore, it is worth adopting the habit of explaining to yourself the new and complex through the old and simple. When faced with a complex and incomprehensible idea, be sure to try to find a simple analogy or metaphor for it that will help you "catch" the essence of the new information.

7. Try to find fundamental rules and fundamentals for problem solving, and not just memorize facts or memorize procedures for solving certain problems. Such fundamental principles, which can be used to solve many problems in various fields of knowledge, are usually called mental models. The classic example of a mental model is evolution: natural development, movement from simple to complex, which happens slowly but inevitably. Each of us is more or less familiar with the concept of biological evolution. But what if we are confronted with the term "stellar evolution"? He is not familiar to us, but, having mastered the mental model of "evolution", we can easily guess that we are talking, apparently, about a natural, slow and inevitable change in the state of stars. And we will be very close to the truth, even though we heard this term for the first time. The more mental models we possess, the faster and more efficiently we will be able to understand new ideas and concepts.


How to force yourself to study on your own

Books, massive free online courses, and other affordable sources of quality knowledge are now plentifully available to everyone. A much more difficult question is how to motivate yourself to study on your own and finally finish those two dozen books and online courses that you have long wanted to take. Try to follow three simple but tried-and-true tips.

You need to learn a little, but regularly. If you are wondering when it is best to take an online course - on the weekend for several hours at a time or every day for half an hour - then the latter option is optimal. Breaking down the learning process into small sessions creates a sense of quick success and motivates you to return to learning the next day.

Self-study is best at the same time under the same conditions... Habit is second nature, and regularity is the key to success in learning. By making it a habit to study at a certain time, it will be much easier for you to stick to regular classes.

Reading books on your own and taking online courses deprives you of an important incentive in the form of social pressure: If you abandon your studies, unlike traditional education, no one will know about it: neither the teacher, nor other students. Create the social pressure necessary for independent study: publicly tell your friends about your plans, join a joint training group or organize one yourself, discuss and comment on your learning process on social networks.

Ivan Prymachenko is a postgraduate student at the Faculty of History, Kiev National University. T. Shevchenko. Two years ago, he took the acclaimed Harvard Online Programming Fundamentals course.CS50... Studying at Harvard without leaving a Kiev apartment helped to understand how convenient and promising such a format of self-education is. In October 2014, Ivan, together with two like-minded people, Alexey Molchanovsky and Victoria Primachenko, created the platform of free online courses Prometheus. Today it is the most popular Ukrainian online education platform, which includes 29 open courses and unites 115000 listeners.

Ivan Primachenko, co-founder of Prometheus, a massive free online course platform

It was a hot sunny day, blue skies without a single cloud, young girls abounded in their natural beauty, and the guys showed off their muscular bodies in front of them. Ah, summer! It's a great time!

It was on this day that I happened to meet an old friend, whom we had not seen for more than six months. After spending some time in a local restaurant, Jeanne had the thought: “Let's go, Maxim, let's go cycling. The weather is gorgeous. In the evening, the sun does not burn so much. Look how beautiful the embankment is. And the mood is right ... ”Without hesitation, we found the nearest bike rental. Having filled in all the forms, I sat down in a swing on the seat and turned the pedals as much as possible (I just hadn’t skated for a long time, I wanted to immediately get fun sensations like in childhood). Having traveled a sufficient distance, I turned around and did not find Jeanne behind me. Returning to the rental place, I watched the pitiful sight of how she could not get under way.

“Jeanne, is there something wrong with the bike? Let's change it, ”I said.

“Noooooooo. The great is all right. It's just ... Maxim ... Teach me to skate. "

"WHAT?! Are you kidding?! You are 20 years old, and you do not know how to ride a bike ?! ”, - I said in a puzzled voice.

“Why can't I. I can ... more precisely, in childhood I skated a couple of times ... But now for some reason it doesn't work ... ”, - she purred in an innocent voice.

Oh, those girls. How interesting it is to live with them in this world :-) The rest of the evening was spent on a ‘special course for a young fighter’. With grief in half, I managed to teach Jeanne to get under way. Never thought that learning process can be so tricky. Or maybe the student got too ‘talented’? ..

Education. Does anyone think about what hiding behind this word? After all, this phenomenon envelops absolutely every person on our planet. If most people living on Earth never encounter expensive clothes, antler cars, long yachts and private jets in their lives, then without learning it is impossible to imagine human life. From an early age, a person begins an uninterrupted learning process: we learn to walk, speak, draw, read, interact with other people, study the norms of morality and behavior, learn a sport, learn different languages ​​... and, of course, learning to earn... His Majesty Dollar is so deeply rooted in the minds of all mankind that people are ready to spend huge resources in order to be honored to touch Him and hold Him in their hands. As if drugged, they sincerely believe that human happiness is 100% correlated with the amount of money in your pocket (more money - more happiness).

I do not know if this is good or bad, but the fact is on the face. An incredible number of paid seminars, trainings and courses, and not only for making money, have spread, which only cause a smile. The most ridiculous, in my opinion, that I saw in my city, is called "How to marry a billionaire?" Yes, yes, not for a millionaire, but for a billionaire. Probably those women who go to such events think something like: “Nooooooooo, a millionaire is already pop, you won’t surprise with a million, this is not for me, this is for Natasha. And I’m Catherine - a stately woman, prominent, desirable. I need a bigger chest. ” The funny thing is that this seminar is conducted by a man! Considering that I only trust teachers who have practical experience for at least five years, it seems to me that the teacher is a fagot, damn him.

Well, God bless them, these billionaires. Let's return from heaven to a sinful earth, and talk about mere mortals.

School bench

Many people think that learning in the classical sense begins with getting an education at school. If we keep in mind that at school we simply learn to interact with other people, then undoubtedly there is a real benefit from this, which helps in later life. If we bear in mind that at school we gain knowledge of the disciplines studied, which will help in the future exactly live, not to survive - here you can argue. Teachers and parents tirelessly insist that if we ‘do badly’, our fate is a foregone conclusion: a bum at the station.

For example, I had no inclinations to study mathematics or physics. I had makings in sports that my coach saw, but my parents did not see. I loved going to training and going to competitions. Among my peers, my successes clearly stood out. But parents do not care about the sincere desires and inclinations of their children. They only want ‘high school’. When I was preparing for the school final exams, they forbade me to go to competitions. As a result, I didn’t work out as a professional athlete or an outstanding mathematician (note that I do not blame my parents at all, and I thank them for protecting me from many of life's hardships).

Of course, there is a very small percentage of children who have a sincere desire to learn a certain subject from school, for example, mathematics or biology. I am only FOR to develop these inclinations in them. But this is extremely rare: for parents to see the inclinations of their children and contribute to their further development.

So one of the most common mistakes in the learning process looms from the earliest years: we are forced to learn what we are not interested in. Interest in certain disciplines appears closer to the age of 20, when there is a clear understanding that this subject can be really useful in later life. The child should be brought up by developing the inclinations that he has. It is dangerous to fit a person into a social pattern. Many parents, planning the fate of their children, often force them to achieve what they did not achieve themselves. But these are our children, and they have our own characteristics! In the process of upbringing, children should be given more will, provide them with good opportunities, and they themselves will be able to develop their abilities and choose their own type of activity.

University - Temple of Science

Recently, Russian universities have become paid providers of educational services. This, of course, causes a lot of resentment. University representatives no longer care about student performance. There are often times when students without academic semester arrears are not allowed to attend the session if they have not paid their tuition fees on time (at the moment I am studying at a university and it happens in this way). It turns out that a person studies normally, passes all tests without any problems, but a small oversight in the form of an overdue payment does not allow him to take exams. Isn't that absurd? I even had a mature slogan for the country's universities: “A good student is a solvent student! No money - take a loan! ”.

Regrettably, but the sphere of higher education has become the most common one for extracting money from the population. After all, they loudly declare to us: “If there is no higher education, there will be no good work. Without a diploma, you will work as a janitor ”(at school they scared homeless people, in universities the bar was raised to a janitor… well done,“ excellent ”motivation). But if a person has not received a higher education, does this mean that he has forgotten how to think? For example, many of my acquaintances without higher education (or those who somehow defended their diploma) have settled well in the social hierarchy, and live no less full-fledged lives than those who have a red diploma in their hands.

But, something carried me to the side ... let's go back.

University studies are not much better than at school. Because for the majority of applicants who chooses their future specialty?! ... naturally, parents. And I am no exception to this rule (only in my case we are talking about college, but this does not change the essence of the matter). Of course, there are a small number of children who independently choose their future specialty, which really attracts them. But this percentage is negligible (at least, among my classmates, and guys from other groups, there were only 5-7 people like that).

In fact, university / college is a wonderful moment in everyone's life. You just need to wisely use the time you spend within these walls. If a student deliberately chose a specialty, there are no questions, study the taught disciplines and develop in this industry, because the demand for competent engineers, programmers and doctors will always be high.

And what about those who do not have a desire to reduce debit to credit, or study the device of the synchrophasotron? There are several options:

  1. 1. Contrary to your parents, transfer after the first year to the specialty you are interested in. They will bother for a while, but if you can give reasonable reasons for your choice, then they will cease to be nervous about trifles.
  3. 2. Follow the parents' lead and continue to study in an uninteresting specialty, but at the same time get a job after the first year. Thus, you can dilute the boring couples for you (which you will still skip) with paid manual labor.
  5. 3. Get to know other students as intensively as possible, and not only from parallel groups, but also from other faculties, and from senior courses. Every day with at least one stranger. An improved communication skill helps a lot in later life.
  2. I believe that the ability to communicate competently with people is much more important than, for example, the ability to calculate complex logarithms. As a last resort, if you know how to competently conduct a conversation, you can agree with another person to help you calculate this very logarithm.

  3. But, you know, this is just an excuse for my mathematical ‘ability’ :-)

  4. Look, for example, at Grigory Fishman, and you will understand that studying mathematics and programming helps to achieve unsurpassed success in life.

In college, I chose the third option. Yes, I often skipped couples, but did not waste time in vain. At this time, I communicated with people I did not know. Of course, not all of them were adequate, but often we came across very smart guys with whom we communicate to this day: we share ideas, thoughts, successes and failures with each other, energize each other to improve results and achieve new goals.

Ideally, you need to fulfill all 3 points: transfer to the specialty you are interested in + get a job + have time to make as many new ‘connections’ as possible. Thus, after graduation, you will be far ahead of your peers in many ways. But the problem with the ‘ideal’ is that it’s almost impossible to achieve, you can only strive for it.

Self-education - success

This is the only kind of education that is carried out fully consciously. A small number of young people start self-education in the senior years of the university. Few more people understand the necessity and importance of this type of education after 25-30 years. Well, the overwhelming majority of the people around you and me never even think about the fact that this is one of the ways that can help to get out of the 'hole' into which they have driven themselves (unloved work -> home -> nauseous work -> home -> eternal whining that the state is to blame for everything -> raising their children after the model of their parents -> these children grow up and go again: uninteresting work -> home - damned work -> home -> nothing to pay off the car loan with -> this the bankers are to blame ... and so on ad infinitum).

If most of us, by and large, can derive only one single benefit from school and university, - learn competent communication- then self-education has a completely different purpose. When a person makes a decision on one's own to study something - he is a priori one step ahead of those who do not even think about the potential that lies in this type of training.

Where do people get the desire to study something on their own? Of course, there are a myriad of factors that lead people to take these steps. And these factors will affect not only the subjects and disciplines studied, but also ways of learning this area. I wanted to dwell on only one area, the most popular and exciting for absolutely everyone: the sphere of making money.

We all live in a material world. All those beautiful words that we hear from TV screens, they say: “Long live democracy! We are all equal! Everyone should have equal rights! Vote for me and your life will become better ... ”- these are all fairy tales for those who do not reflect reality at all. To make sure that democracy is a veiled term that hides the most brutal, just look around you, sitting in your car during rush hour. Why are some comrades sitting in a Mercedes for 7 million rubles, others in an Audi for 3 million rubles, still others in a Korean car for 700 thousand, and all the rest generally walk to the nearest metro station? All this is called the ‘material world’. Everything in this world has to be paid for. Equality does not exist and is unlikely to exist at all. There is a constant struggle for material resources. We all want to show off a brand new Mercedes at the alumni meeting in front of former classmates (the instinct of domination from our ancestors has not gone anywhere). So desire arises learn to earn more than the rest. Everybody has a desire. And concrete actions for self-study of this issue are undertaken by a few.

One of the laws of economics says: demand creates supply. No sooner said than done! Once everyone has a desire learn to earn money, then people appear on the market who trying to(they do not sincerely want to help, but they try to) satisfy this desire. They write thick books, conduct online webinars, organize various trainings, seminars and courses. These ‘coaches’ are multiplying at an incredible rate. And people who want to learn something have a reasonable question: “Whom to choose? Who should I go to study to? This man speaks perfectly and explains it clearly. But he claims to have developed a unique method of how to turn 100 dollars into 1 million ... Hmmm. This is a dilemma! Or maybe just read a few books on this topic? ... "

The first and most important thing, before you independently study a new sphere for yourself (or a new subject), is to find out desired end result... For example, before studying psychology, I wrote down the following: “Why do I need to study this discipline? What could be interesting in this psychology? Psychology can help me figure out my gut; I can understand what encourages me to perform certain actions when I am at the terminal; I will understand why I do not wait for the necessary signals and am constantly in a hurry to make deals; I will find out where the desire to fight off comes from and why the tilt comes on. So, as a consequence of all this, studying psychology will help me stop "pouring" money.

Once you've written down in great detail all the ‘pluses’ of learning a new field (new discipline), your brain ‘blossoms’. Enthusiasm spontaneously kicks in, which prompts you to take the next step: choose a learning path.

So, I will give several training methods that I have personally tested on myself in many areas, including the stock market:

DVD video tutorials
The real benefit from this method of learning can be obtained only in one single case - if the author knows how interesting present information. The quality of the information does not matter: it can be exclusive and very useful indeed. But if the author of the video lessons tries to explain the material in a boring and boring voice, there will be no sense in learning. It has long been proven and tested in practice that it is not important for a person, what he is told that it is more important to him that how he is told this (that is, with what timbre, with what loudness, with what expression, with what intonation, how confidently the words are pronounced, even special pauses before important phrases make it easier to grasp the essence of what was said).

Therefore, before buying a DVD, be sure to watch the free video tutorials by this author. And there are always free video tutorials, about 5-10 (after all, you need to somehow ‘lure the victim’). If initially a person does not “put his heart into it” - he saves on the microphone, speaks without emotion, forgets words and gets confused in terms - then in 90% of cases the same will be in a paid DVD. The result is known in advance: you will be upset by the money spent, and you will respond in an unflattering way about the author on all kinds of resources.

There is another interesting point with paid DVDs: all the new items in the area you started to explore are being introduced in the west. Accordingly, educational DVDs with exclusive content appear in English. And in the vastness of the CIS, analogs, or simply copies with a Russian translation, appear only a few months later, when this one is not so relevant. Therefore, to keep abreast of really exclusive and useful information - start by learning English :-)

Books
Whatever subject you want to study, you can always find at least one book on that topic. In fact, there are hundreds, if not thousands, of different teaching aids in a given area. How to choose a worthy book so as not to waste your hard-earned money, and, more importantly, precious time studying what has been written?

There is only one proven method, and that is to buy the books your friends recommend. If your friends are not in the habit of reading books, then you can listen to the recommendations of those people with whom you have a similar life philosophy (your favorite blogger, or someone you consider an authority in this area). Feel free to ask people about books. We all love to recommend truly worthy authors to each other.

It is necessary to mention the distinctive feature of this teaching method. In fact, this is a very difficult type of learning, because when we read books, we make our brain ‘work’. And in nature it has developed in such a way that the body's ‘working’ brain is not at all beneficial. In the 'on' mode, our brain starts consuming 2 times more energy. Why does the body need excessive energy consumption? That is why the brain is trying by all means to 'turn off': drowsiness appears, distraction arises, you want to drink and eat. How interesting we are arranged with you, right? It seems that you want to use the potential of the brain a little more than usual, but no, the body purposefully resists so that the ‘switched on’ brain does not consume a lot of energy.

And those people who learn only from books, without resorting to outside help, in most cases turn into real mastodons. It will be very difficult to move such people off the podium, because they have learned to cope with their physiology, they “turn on” their brain through force, even if it resists with all their might.

Individual training
The most difficult way to learn in terms of its implementation. It is almost impossible to find a person who would agree to sincerely reveal all their secrets to a stranger (even for money). Personally, I was lucky enough to undergo individual training without paying a single ruble for it.

The maximum effect from this method of teaching is possible only if the mentor and the student are on the ‘same wavelength’: they have the same life philosophy, the same interests, the same tastes and preferences. The effect of such interaction is simply crushing: the mentor structures all his experience and thus improves his skills, and the student learns the lessons as quickly and easily as possible.

Unfortunately, almost all 'coaches' who do one-on-one coaching have a goal of 'making money'. With this approach, you already perfectly understand what quality this training will be. And if you consider that individual lessons are always more expensive than group lessons, then you will be doubly upset.

How do you understand the intent of the person offering individual training? It's simple: the one who offers such training for money initially wants to make money. But our older comrades, friends and relatives are not puzzled by such a goal. As I mentioned earlier, a pumped-up communication skill helps a lot in life, and especially in this matter. If you can competently and without imposing of your interests, ask friends, comrades, relatives for help in studying a topic of interest to you (in which they have already achieved success) - then, most likely, you will receive high-quality individual training. If you don't have such acquaintances, change your environment. How to do it? Meet new people. And again, everything rests on the pumped-up communication skill, be it wrong :-)

Seminars / trainings
The most controversial way to learn. After being trained by the same ‘coach’, some people curse him, while others are ready to carry him in their arms. It's also funny that those people who initially bowed before the ‘coach’ during the seminar, after 3-4 months, begin to curse him in the same way because of their disappointing results. What do you want, dear friends? Nothing personal, just business. You paid the money, and who, in writing and with a stamp on the letterhead, guaranteed you positive results in the long term?

The most important goal of any seminar is making money. Even any free seminar is a PiaR of its paid seminar.

You might think that I am against paid seminars. Not at all. I really enjoy attending such events. But, unlike most, my main task from attending a seminar is to get to know as many like-minded people as possible. I can assure you that these new acquaintances are of far more value in the long run than just listening to lectures from a 'coach'.

I do not indulge myself in hopes that the seminar field will become a billionaire, and all that jazz. But the overwhelming majority have just such an attitude in their heads! So it turns out that such people are influenced by the lecturer's magical charisma, and they sincerely believe that the ‘coach’ of this seminar is interested in the final results of each student. No no and one more time no! The ‘coach’ can be interested in the end result of each student only in one case - if he accepts payment only after training, when each student in practice proves the efficiency of the taught methodology. And I have never met such methods of payment for seminars.
In the real sector, there are companies with such a business model that charge money for their service after each client has achieved the desired results. And I really like this approach. Now imagine if the same thing is implemented, for example, in the sphere of paid seminars dedicated to the stock market. Yes, this kind of business - paid seminars - will simply disappear in an instant. Because at such seminars they talk about schedules and risk management. The most important thing is not told about them - that the money ‘merges’ not because of the schedules…. Those who have been reading me from the very beginning have known for a long time why the money ‘merges’ :-)

In fact, I can write no less about these paid seminars and trainings than you have already read in this article. I guess I will. I will leave a little intrigue (after all, everyone wants to know my attitude to the AMG seminar), and in a separate article, in the smallest detail, I will highlight my experience on this issue.

Investing in your education pays off and pays tangible dividends for the rest of your life. But, like any other, it can bring significant losses. Therefore, treat this issue competently.

Some might say, “Why pay for information at all? Books and videos of seminars have been on torrents for a long time absolutely free! ” The human nature is so arranged that we value only what is paid for. I will not argue that there are no people who are able to study with full responsibility and put into practice what they got for free. Of course there are. But I don’t think you are one of them. You have to pay for everything in this life. Before you receive something meaningful, you must first give something meaningful.... This is how our Universe works. And even a 'leaked' deposit is a tuition fee, it is a payment for gaining invaluable experience.

P.S. I learn from everyone who shares their thoughts with me. If any of the readers has a desire to express their agreement or disagreement with my theses, I will be very grateful.

Thank you for attention.
Max Skochinski.

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The desire to reach new heights requires from a person the ability to acquire useful skills. What is required to assimilate new information? on one's own? How to optimize knowledge acquisition? How to develop the ability for self-organization? All this will be discussed.

Are we being taught to learn?

Not a single educational institution, from kindergarten to universities, explains to a person how to plan his day and develop self-organizing skills. Often, teachers simply work out their program by acquainting themselves with the base of subjects. The only thing that can be learned in such classes is the skill to systematize knowledge in the form of the correct design of abstracts. To achieve success in adulthood, even as a child, you need to figure out how to learn how to learn on your own.

Why learn self-study skills?

Time does not stand still. With the development of society, the conditions of human existence change. Skills that have helped a person in the past may, after several decades, no longer help a person achieve the desired results. Many experts in one of the fields notice that their knowledge is gradually turning to dust. Such people sometimes have to relearn just on the go.

Comprehension of the skills of self-organization makes it possible to save time, own strength and operate with deep knowledge. The result is a readiness for a variety of life situations, the ability to choose new professions, expand the circle of contacts, and acquire interesting hobbies.

Goal setting

Why is it difficult to study on your own? Significant difficulties arise primarily in people who do not have a specific goal. We are not always talking about career growth, but also about social life, creativity, hobbies. A goal is a must in order to know where to go next.

Sometimes a person has to force himself to perform certain actions. If the achievement of the result promises real benefits and advantages over others, things go much faster. It is enough just to get involved in the learning process and move step by step towards a specific goal.

How to learn to study on your own? An important role here is played by the choice of a suitable profession. Some people suffer for years, learning what they don't like. As a result, nothing fruitful comes of this and the time is wasted. If a person manages to find a profession that is really interesting, gaining knowledge in the presented area will truly bring not only benefits, but also pleasure.

Planning

Chaotic movement towards achieving specific goals slows down the learning process. Without drawing up a specific plan, a person often has to be prostrated. How can you develop the ability to learn on your own? Planning requires a specific curriculum. It is important to make a list of sources of information from which knowledge will be drawn. It is imperative that working according to plan becomes a habit. This is the only way to tune oneself to fruitful activity.

Taking notes

Can I study on my own? Taking notes will help with this. If learning takes place in lectures, it is important to write down only those concepts that may be useful in the future. When reading literature, it is worth noting quotes, definitions, statements that look useful.

It is not necessary to take notes by hand. If you wish, you can use electronic devices. The convenience of this or that option depends on each individual. However, there are several ways to organize your data worth trying. This will ultimately lead to the most convenient solution.

Prioritization

The movement towards achieving the goal in learning will be ineffective if the execution of tasks is disordered. In such cases, quite often there is a desire to begin to cope with what the heart is more about, and not to deal with a really important matter. To understand how to learn how to learn on your own, it is recommended to be determined with current tasks. If some of the less-than-high-priority learning tasks remain unfulfilled at the end of the day, such shortcomings will not be that important.

High-quality execution of the case to the end

To acquire useful learning skills, you must try to make every effort to complete an important task the first time. As a result, you do not have to postpone the matter until later and return to it later when some important points are forgotten. This will reduce the number of mistakes during training and will not force you to spend your free time on redoing what you started.

Control over your own state

It is quite difficult to force yourself to study if you feel tired, hungry, or the body is exhausted from illness. Therefore, you need to prepare for the process of comprehending useful information. The person should not experience physical or mental discomfort. It is imperative that thoughts be focused solely on learning. When intending to start the process, it is recommended that you complete important daily tasks. This will put obsessive anxieties out of your head. Before training, you should once again take a bath or shower, eat, dress up in comfortable clothes.

Combating procrastination

How to force yourself to study if everyone is lazy? In psychology, the tendency of an individual to regularly postpone important matters for later, which causes a whole lot of trouble, is called procrastination. Many people prefer to sort out possible actions in their own head, rather than immediately start implementing specific tasks. Distractions are often the excuse for delaying learning.

To avoid procrastination, it is worth protecting yourself from irritants that lead to distraction. It is necessary to realize that the need to implement important, rather complex matters often causes a desire for a temporary deviation from the goal. Achieving high results in self-study will allow the choice of prepositions that will set you up for fruitful work.

Fear of asking questions

How to learn English on your own or to comprehend any other area of ​​knowledge? An obstacle on the way to achieving the desired results for some people is the emergence of discomfort when it is necessary to communicate with the teacher. Failure to understand some of the points in the submitted material violates the logical chain of awareness of information. A student who is afraid to ask questions is almost doomed to fail. Such a person is limited in comparison with those around him. In some situations, it is much better to demonstrate your lack of understanding of the material than to let things go by themselves.

Self-promotion

During classes, do not drive yourself into a remote corner. In addition to studying, you need to see other things that allow you to relax. Any work should have a decent remuneration. For this reason, it pays to take some time to do things that are enjoyable sometimes. There should always be activities that make it possible to balance your own emotional state.

Compliance with the regime

How to teach a child to learn on their own? The skills for organizing affairs should be developed in a person from an early age. The child must learn that after returning from school, he will have leisure for several hours. However, after that, be sure to start doing your homework. If the child attends a sports club, goes to drawing or to a music school, you can sit down for lessons later. Be that as it may, do not postpone the comprehension of useful material at home until just before going to bed.

It may take a year or more for a baby to adapt to such a regimen. During this time, parents should maintain appropriate control and try not to let things go by themselves.

Already in elementary school, it is important for a child to understand how to rationally use his time. However, parents are encouraged to respond to requests for help at the right time. But this should be done only in those situations when the baby is really unable to cope with educational tasks on his own.

Memory development

Some people find it difficult to learn on their own because they have a poor ability to remember information. Such persons should work on themselves in terms of control over the level of concentration. Concentrating on the task, you should try to fully understand the meaning of the information received. It is worth abandoning mechanical memorization, since this approach does not at all contribute to the development of memory.

However, it is not recommended to overload yourself with information. It is better to write down meaningful data and try to relate it to what is already stored in long-term memory. This combined method of memory development will allow you to develop the right associations.

There are other methods for better remembering payloads. It consists in dividing knowledge into certain blocks. The smaller the amount of pieces of information received, the better it is assimilated.

Eradicating laziness

Often ordinary laziness does not allow us to study on our own. Lack of motivation can be solved as follows. It is enough to divide a complex case into minor stages. This will allow you to complete some of the training tasks in a certain period of time. In this way, one can gradually approach the final goal. Each subsequent stage of the task may seem less daunting anymore.

In order to eradicate laziness before training, it is worthwhile to comfortably arrange a workplace, listen to your favorite music, and resort to other solutions that will allow you to tune in a positive mood.

Thinking about pleasant bonuses also gives you the opportunity to force yourself. It is about a reward that you can think of to yourself for successfully completing a task. It can be a coffee break, watching your favorite TV show, etc.

Independent study of a foreign language

I would also like to consider how to learn English on your own. First, it is important to comprehend the basic verbs, which include such concepts as: "to be", "to have", "to desire", "to give", "to take", "to go". Having mastered the combination of these and other similar words with common pronouns, you can form a kind of base. This approach will allow you to build simple, meaningful phrases.

Usually, a person who resorts to independent study of a foreign language experiences the greatest difficulties in overcoming the speech barrier. To really speak English, you need to find a good conversation partner. In search of the latter, it is better to give preference to a professional tutor, who will point out mistakes and force you to practice.

So, we tried to figure out how to force ourselves to learn, if everyone is lazy. Finally, I would like to provide some more useful recommendations on this matter:

  1. You need to set only realistic goals for yourself and rejoice in every, even the smallest, victory.
  2. It is important to save time that can be spent on getting the benefits of learning by visiting social networks less, avoiding frequent phone calls and text messages.
  3. When learning, there is often a sense of routine. To overcome such an unpleasant feeling, it is worth adding variety to the material. It will be useful to comprehend information not only in writing, but also watching useful videos, listening to audio, communicating with like-minded people.
  4. In the learning process, it is worth paying attention to inconsistencies in the material, shortcomings, mistakes, inaccuracies. You can discuss this with your teacher. Even if you fail to prove your case, this approach will make the process of comprehending new information more fun. Over time, thinking will become more flexible and critical.
  5. It is useful to understand that learning and achieving high goals is not the whole life. It is necessary to spend time on quality rest, communication with family members and comrades.

Finally

So we found out what is required in order to learn how to independently comprehend useful skills. The presence of desire is of decisive importance here. It is also important to find for yourself the right balance between productive work and the desire to fall into inaction. Ultimately, any learning must be supported by practice. Otherwise, the effort spent will not matter.

10 Key Ideas of Think Like a Mathematician. How to solve any problem faster and more efficiently "

The brain is built for complex calculations

The author of the book, Professor Barbara Oakley, had a prejudice from school that mathematics was not for her. Using her example, Barbara shows how, with certain teaching methods, it is possible to understand and remember what seems unreal.

Mathematics, programming, science are difficult to learn because they use an abstraction and symbol language that is difficult to encode and decode. It is paradoxical that with a gradual immersion in the language of the subject, the study becomes easier - new knowledge is based on old. It's like building a building by stacking brick by brick.

On practice:

  • In mathematics, we consistently study: numbers, arithmetic operations, the order of their execution, operations with expressions with brackets, exponentiation, quadratic equations, functions, logarithms, and so on. Integrals cannot be counted if you do not know the numbers.

Set up the "thought pump"

This is when an idea or task hits your head and begins to grow into meat in a relaxed mode. We set the structure of the immersion subject, its context - and we attract content.

On practice:

  • Before reading an article or book, it makes sense to look at the table of contents, subheadings, and pictures.
  • When solving problems, it is good to start with difficult ones, in order to switch to simple ones and solve complex problems in other areas of the brain, in the background, in a relaxed mode.
  • A letter that requires a long response can be read and postponed.
  • "Thinking pump" is about opposing strategies to "pile on and do at any cost" when there is no longer time.

Use Focused Thinking

This is focusing, purposeful appeal to the problem being solved, concentration. Focused thinking allows you to search for answers among familiar solutions, to choose from a library of established portions of memory. Focused Thinking Image - A focused flashlight beam brightens a small space.

Use absentminded thinking

This is about insights, unexpected decisions, connections between different neural patterns. Absentminded thinking is about lightness, anti-dogmatism and anti-egocentrism. The diffuse thinking image is a flashlight in diffuse light mode, where we look for solutions in a wide area and see the whole picture.

The magic of cognition in the alternation of modes

Focused mode is used when first learning the concepts of a new material. You cannot move blindly without obtaining a theoretical basis from lectures or a textbook, since solving the problem there will be nothing to rely on and you will have to solve it at random.

The method of solution chosen by intuition will force you to adhere only to it, which will interfere with the search for better ideas - the so-called "Installation Effect" arises. The "set effect" is a frequent hindrance when studying material. Its essence is not only that natural intuition sometimes needs to be restrained, but also that sometimes it is difficult even to determine from which side to approach a decision.

The option is more productive: before starting the action, think about the solution options, delay the immediate implementation.

The assimilation of the new studied material occurs in a scattered mode. This is how the vision of the whole picture and options for solutions is formed.

Learning new things involves switching between two focused and absent-minded types of thinking. If there is no time, then only the first stage remains - a focused mode that will not pave new paths, knowledge will be superficial.

To solve a complex problem, periods are required when there is no direct work on the problem, since defocusing and resting is actually an important part of the work. To build a building by folding brick by brick, it takes time for the mortar to harden.

How to change modes: rest, play sports, walk, have fun, sleep.

On practice:

  • In diffused mode, we see the general perspective of the tasks, without rushing to do the first thing that comes to hand.
  • We can double-check solutions, distracting from formulas or algorithms. For example, we can notice the absurdity of the answer that the length of the equator is 75 centimeters, or CTR = 120%.
  • We can link ideas from different areas of knowledge.

The illusion of competence

Constant re-reading of a synopsis, article, pages of a book or an appeal from Google gives the illusion that the material is present in the mind. But it is not always the case.

Remembering is much more effective than rereading. Read - repeat from memory - read again. Try to remember something from what you learned during the day, tell your wife or friend in your own words, write it down. This is how knowledge sticks.

Just the desire to study the material and the time spent studying it does not guarantee the result. Hours spent studying can only create an illusion. The intention to learn only helps with the right learning strategies. Moreover, over-training is a sheer waste of time.

On practice:

  • Books on the bookshelf and articles in Pocket are not in memory.
  • “I read the textbook 10 times” is not equal to what I learned.
  • Perhaps here's about reading short versions of books. Or is it not here?

When you don't feel like starting: procrastination

This is pain and fear before starting a business, which has a very real physical manifestation. The reluctance to start work is completely natural, the only question is how you react and cope. The good news: if you do this business, then the pain will pass, and when there is more understanding, then pleasure will come.

On practice:

  • You can try to focus on the process, not the business - reformat your tasks from "read one book a week" to "read in the evening for half an hour." Reducing stress and self-control can help enable focused mode.
  • Making to-do lists is a winning path that can be set to switch, alternate, and rest. If the rest is planned, then you want to procrastinate less. If you take everything into account in the list, you constantly refer to the list - there is no desire to start being distracted in search of what else is forgotten. You will get into the habit of trusting the list.

About habits in general

Habits are great, they help you get things done on autopilot and save energy. Habitual actions have stages:

  1. signal - neither harmful nor useful
  2. sequence of actions - a zombie automatic reaction to a signal
  3. reward is the reason for the ingraining of habits
  4. belief - excuses or motivation for habitual actions

To change the reaction, you can ignore the habitual behavior or replace the signal or change the reward.

Go at your own speed

If you look up to the "star" fellow practitioners and adjust the learning process, then in such a rush the lag will only increase, since there will be no time to master the material. You take on a lot - you lag behind - you score.

Obstinacy, heroism, inability to listen, strong will, work “in spite of” hinder finding other solutions. Frustration and irritation are signs of fatigue and lack of concentration. Sometimes you need to force yourself to stop doing something. In stress, the ability to establish new neural connections is lost.

Asking the right questions when you don't understand is the key to success. Questions like this allow you to understand the material at a deep level and instill a habit of cutting it in. Asking the right question means 80% success. I love to ask questions.

To accept an outside opinion, you must first work on the task. To perceive the answer to your question, you must first figure out what to ask. Answers to questions from a teacher, colleague, from a lecture and a textbook may have the same idea, but worded in a different way. This gives a fresh perspective and the chances of learning the material are increased.

You look at a professional and it seems that everything is given to them. It is important to remember about the efforts made: we started with addition, came to integrals.

The students were given a difficult test. After the test, all the participants were praised, but in different ways. The first half was told: "It looks like you are good at this." The second half was told: "It looks like you did a lot."

People with high intelligence have twice the volume of the brain's operative memory, they can hold 9 portions of memory at a time. The paradox is that it makes it difficult for creativity and generates installation effect- a choice from ready-made solutions, not a new look. Smart people get lost in difficult and unexpected situations.

Learning is about overcoming difficulties. Practice and purposeful work provide a high level of intellectual potential. Talented people who find it easy to do everything may not learn to show perseverance. The book generally suggests an inverse correlation between high scores and career success.

There will always be those who indiscriminately criticize or try to belittle your successes and achievements. But also gracious communication without value judgments is less productive for learning than when criticism is allowed. For training in a group, an agreed time, schedule and topic are required so that the training does not stop during the gatherings. The learning group, friends and social circle create a diffuse mode of thinking outside of our body - when the neural patterns of other people are available.

Memory portions

These are connections of fragments of disparate information in meaning. They are formed like this:

  • you need to focus on information,
  • understand the main idea,
  • accumulate application context (not only “how to apply” but also “when”).

Chunks of memory free up space in working memory. Chunks of memory are concentrated knowledge, a library of ready-made concepts and solutions that help to creatively synthesize new solutions.

The prerequisites for creativity are solid knowledge in a particular field and breadth of interests. Cramming does not form chunks of memory. Multitasking does not form chunks of memory.

How to help shape memory chunks:

  • spaced repetitions, repetitions in an unusual context,
  • maintenance and ordering of abstracts, editing,
  • self-exams and self-tests - worked or not, how and why.

On practice:

  • Studying arithmetic, you can understand and remember that 2 + 2 = 4. This formed portion of memory frees up space from under two twos and the concept of addition and takes up only one cell in the head.
  • The ideas of this blog wander from article to article in different contexts.
  • Unsuccessfully or unsuccessfully completed tasks free the working memory of the brain and allow thinking about new things only when this very completion is formulated explicitly. That is, recognized failures are good. They form chunks of memory.

Improving memory - use feelings and analogies

We all remember from school what shape Italy has, because someone in the class said about the boot.

Analogies, impressions, stories, metaphors, poems and songs, talking to oneself about the subject being studied greatly increase the chances of memorization. As well as the new context: street, walk, transport, party, lecture.

Our brain washes out unimportant information every day. New knowledge must cling to in different (sometimes strange) ways in order not to fly away.

Carryover effect

The way you comprehend mathematics and science can be transferred to study other areas of knowledge. Established neural patterns and chunks of memory can work in a new context with new tasks.

Reuse of the library of chunks of memory is professionalism and experience. Chunks of memory cling to each other, creating new chunks of memory in a new context.

Creating chunks of memory is a certain way of thinking (focus, understand the essence, accumulate) that affects the whole life.

Conclusions and paradoxes

  • You need to purposefully study the subject, but do not forget to relax.
  • You need to concentrate, but not to such an extent that you can win in spite of everything. Concentration isn't always good, procrastination isn't always bad.