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The article tells about the life of various indigenous peoples of Africa. Contains information about their customs and traditions. Gives an understanding that Aboriginal people live not only in Australia.

Tribes of africa

The indigenous peoples of Africa are as diverse as the lands in which they have roamed for millennia. Despite the fact that the culture on the "Black Continent" is actively progressing, the savage tribes still wield tremendous influence. Today, there is a tendency towards abrasion of boundaries and contradictions between different African peoples. However, the belonging of any African to any of the tribes is regarded as a sign of great honor and pride. The indigenous people sacredly honor the traditions and customs of their ancestors.

In Kenya and Tanzania alone, there are up to 160 different tribes. Many of them converted to Christianity. But belief in ancestors and spirits has not lost its relevance. People remain faithful to traditions, but they bring borrowings from other religious traditions into them.

The most famous and numerous tribes can be considered:

• Masai;
• Bantu;
• Zulus;
• samburu;
• bushmen.

Rice. 1. Masai.

Wild tribes of Africa

Africa is a unique place in the vast territories of which over 5 million people live to this day. It is this number of the population that belongs to the representatives of the wild African tribes.

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Members of these tribes categorically refuse to recognize the achievements of the modern world. Their needs are fully satisfied by those modest benefits that were passed on to them from their ancestors. Poor huts, simple food and a minimum of clothing are fine with them. But, as strange as it may seem, the tribes have enormous political and economic influence in their regions.

Scarification, which has become popular today among those who like to modify their own body, has its roots in the traditions of African tribes. There, scarification is of a ritual nature. Drawings are somewhat similar to tattoos, but ink is not used to create them.

They are created by scratching or cutting so that visible scars remain on the body after open wounds heal.

Rice. 2. Scarification.

The exact number of African aborigines has not been established to this day, it ranges from 500 to 3000 thousand.

Some Aboriginal traditions modern man seem extremely cruel and often unthinkable.

The original inhabitants of the continent are ethnically positioned as wild tribes, but there are not many of them in Africa. If we compare the total population with the number of Aboriginal people, then the share of Aboriginal people is only 10%.

Each tribe can be home to from a hundred to a thousand people.

Different tribes may have common roots in traditions and customs. A distinctive feature of most rituals is the cruelty that accompanies most of the rituals.

However, civilization does not stand still and is closely related to the traditional way of life of many African tribes. Today, many of them use their traditions as a source of income and financial stability. Many National parks keep representatives of various nationalities in their state to attract tourists.

Rice. 3. Aboriginal people in modern clothes.

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Photographer Jimmy Nelson travels the world and captures wild and semi-wild tribes who manage to maintain their traditional way of life. modern world... Every year it becomes more and more difficult for these peoples, but they do not give up and do not leave the territories of their ancestors, continuing to live the same way as they did.

Asaro tribe

Location: Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Filmed in 2010. Asaro mudmen ("People from the Asaro River, covered in mud") first met the Western world in the middle of the 20th century. Since time immemorial, these people have been smeared with mud and put on masks to make other villages fearful.

“Individually, they are all very nice, but because their culture is threatened, they have to fend for themselves.” - Jimmy Nelson.

Chinese anglers tribe

Location: Guangxi, China. Filmed in 2010. Cormorant fishing is one of the oldest methods of fishing with waterfowl. To prevent them from swallowing the catch, the fishermen tie their necks. Cormorants easily swallow small fish, and bring large ones to the owners.

Maasai

Location: Kenya and Tanzania. Filmed in 2010. This is one of the most famous African tribes. Young Maasai go through a series of rituals to develop responsibility, become men and warriors, learn how to protect livestock from predators, and keep their families safe. Thanks to the rituals, ceremonies and instructions of the elders, they grow up to be true brave men.

Livestock is central to the Maasai culture.

Nenets

Location: Siberia - Yamal. Filmed in 2011. The traditional occupation of the Nenets is reindeer herding. They lead a nomadic life, crossing the Yamal Peninsula. For over a millennium, they have survived at temperatures as low as minus 50 ° C. The annual migration route of 1000 km lies across the frozen Ob River.

"If you do not drink warm blood and do not eat fresh meat, then you are doomed to die in the tundra."

Korowai

Location: Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Filmed in 2010. The Korowai are one of the few Papuan tribes that do not wear kotekas, a kind of penis sheath. The men of the tribe hide their penises by tying them tightly with leaves along with their scrotum. The Korowai are hunter-gatherers who live in tree houses. This nation has strictly distributed rights and responsibilities between men and women. Their number is estimated at about 3000 people. Until the 1970s, the Korowai were convinced that there were no other peoples in the world.

Yali tribe

Location: Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Filmed in 2010. Yali live in the virgin forests of the highlands and are officially recognized as pygmies, since the growth of men is only 150 centimeters. A koteka (gourd penis case) serves as part of traditional clothing. By it, you can determine the belonging of a person to a tribe. Yali prefer long, thin kotekas.

Karo tribe

Location: Ethiopia. Filmed in 2011. The Omo Valley, located in the Great Rift Valley of Africa, is said to be home to some 200,000 indigenous peoples who have inhabited it for millennia.

Here the tribes have traded among themselves since ancient times, offering each other beads, food, cattle and fabrics. Not so long ago, guns and ammunition came into circulation.

Dasanech tribe

Location: Ethiopia. Filmed in 2011. This tribe is characterized by the absence of a strictly defined ethnicity. A person of almost any origin can be admitted to dasanech.

Guarani

Location: Argentina and Ecuador. Filmed in 2011. For thousands of years, the Amazonian rainforests of Ecuador have been home to the Guaraní people. They consider themselves the bravest indigenous group in the Amazon.

Vanuatu tribe

Location: Ra Lava Island (Banks Island Group), Torba Province. Filmed in 2011. Many Vanuatu people believe that wealth can be achieved through ceremony. Dance - an important part their culture, which is why many villages have dance floors called nasara.

Ladakhi tribe

Location: India. Filmed in 2012. Ladakhs share the beliefs of their Tibetan neighbors. Tibetan Buddhism, mixed with images of ferocious demons from the pre-Buddhist Bon religion, has underpinned Ladakhi beliefs for over a thousand years. The people live in the Indus Valley, are mainly engaged in agriculture, practice polyandry.

Mursi tribe

Location: Ethiopia. Filmed in 2011. "Better to die than live without killing." Mursi are cattle-farmers and successful warriors. Men are distinguished by horseshoe-shaped scars on the body. Women also practice scarring and also insert a plate into their lower lip.

Rabari tribe

Location: India. Filmed in 2012. 1000 years ago, representatives of the Rabari tribe already roamed the deserts and plains that today belong to Western India. Women of this people devote long hours to embroidery. They also run farms and decide everything. money matters while the men graze the flocks.

Samburu tribe

Location: Kenya and Tanzania. Filmed in 2010. Samburu is a semi-nomadic people who move from place to place every 5-6 weeks to provide pasture for their livestock. They are independent and much more traditional than the Maasai. In Samburu society, equality reigns.

Mustang tribe

Location: Nepal. Filmed in 2011. Most of the Mustang people still believe that the world is flat. They are very religious. Prayers and holidays are an integral part of their life. The tribe stands apart as one of the last strongholds of the surviving Tibetan culture. Until 1991, they did not admit any outsider into their environment.

Maori tribe

Location: New Zealand. Filmed in 2011. Maori - adherents of polytheism, worship many gods, goddesses and spirits. They believe that ancestral spirits and supernatural beings are omnipresent and help the tribe during difficult times. The myths and legends of the Maori that originated in ancient times reflected their ideas about the creation of the Universe, the origin of gods and people.

"My tongue is my awakening, my tongue is the window of my soul."

Goroka tribe

Location: Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Filmed in 2011. Life in high mountain villages is simple. The residents have plenty of food, families are friendly, the people honor the wonders of nature. They live off hunting, gathering and growing crops. Internecine clashes are not uncommon here. To intimidate the enemy, warriors of the Goroka tribe use war paint and decorations.

"Knowledge is just rumor while it's in the muscles."

Huli tribe

Location: Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Filmed in 2010. This indigenous people are fighting for land, pigs and women. They still spend a lot of effort trying to impress the enemy. Hooles paint their faces with yellow, red and white dyes, and are also famous for the tradition of making fancy wigs from their own hair.

Himba tribe

Location: Namibia. Filmed in 2011. Each member of the tribe belongs to two clans, father and mother. Marriages are arranged for the purpose of expanding wealth. Appearance is vital here. He talks about the place of a person within the group and about his phase of life. The elder is responsible for the rules in the group.

Tribe of Kazakhs

Location: Mongolia. Filmed in 2011. Kazakh nomads are descendants of the Turkic, Mongolian, Indo-Iranian group and the Huns who inhabited the territory of Eurasia from Siberia to the Black Sea.

The ancient art of eagle hunting is one of the traditions that Kazakhs have managed to preserve to this day. They trust their clan, rely on their flocks, believe in the pre-Islamic cult of heaven, ancestors, fire and in the supernatural powers of good and evil spirits.

Surprisingly, there are still the wildest tribes of the Amazon and Africa, which have been able to survive the onset of a ruthless civilization. We are here surfing the Internet, fighting to conquer thermonuclear energy and flying farther into space, and these few remnants of a prehistoric pore are still leading the same way of life that was familiar to them and our ancestors a hundred thousand years ago. In order to fully immerse yourself in the atmosphere of wild nature, it is not enough just to read the article and see the pictures, you yourself need to eat in Africa, for example, by ordering a safari in Tanzania.

The wildest tribes of the Amazon

1. Feast

The Piraha tribe lives on the banks of the Meihi River. Approximately 300 Aboriginal people are engaged in gathering and hunting. This tribe was discovered by the Catholic missionary Daniel Everett. He lived with them for several years, after which he finally lost faith in God and became an atheist. His first contact with Piraha took place in 1977. Trying to convey the word of God to the natives, he began to study their language and quickly achieved success in this. But the more he immersed himself in the primitive culture, the more he was surprised.
Pirah has a very strange language: there is no indirect speech, words denoting colors and numbers (anything more than two is "many" for them). They did not create, as we do, myths about the creation of the world, they do not have a calendar, but with all this, their intelligence is not weaker than ours. Piraha did not think of it before private property, they do not have reserves either - they immediately eat the caught prey or the collected fruits, so they do not rack their brains over storage and planning for the future. To us, such views seem primitive, however, Everett came to a different conclusion. Living one day and what nature gives, the piraha are freed from fears for the future and all kinds of worries with which we burden our souls. Therefore, they are happier than us, so why do they need gods?

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2. Sinta larga

Brazil is home to a wild Sinta Larga tribe of about 1,500 people. Once it lived in the jungle of rubber plants, but their massive felling led to the fact that sinta larga passed to a nomadic life. They are engaged in hunting, fishing and collecting the gifts of nature. Sinta larga are polygamous - men have several wives. Over the course of his life, a man gradually acquires several names that characterize either his qualities or the events that happened to him, there is also a secret name that only his mother and father know.
As soon as the tribe catches all the game near the village, and the depleted land ceases to bear fruit, then it is removed from its place and moved to a new place. During the move, the names of the synth largs also change, only the "secret" name remains unchanged. Unfortunately for this small tribe, civilized people have found on their lands, occupying 21,000 square meters. km, the richest reserves of gold, diamonds and tin. Of course, they could not just leave these riches in the ground. However, the Sinta Largi turned out to be a warlike tribe, ready to defend themselves. So, in 2004, they killed 29 miners on their territory and did not incur any punishment for this, except that they were herded into a 2.5 million hectare reservation.

3. Korubo

Closer to the headwaters of the Amazon River lives a very warlike tribe Korubo. They mainly hunt and raid neighboring tribes. Both men and women participate in these raids, and their weapons are clubs and poisoned darts. There is information that the tribe sometimes comes to cannibalism.

4. Amondava

The Amondawa tribe living in the jungle has no idea about time, there is no such word even in their language, as well as concepts such as "year", "month", etc. Linguists were discouraged by this phenomenon and are trying to understand whether it is inherent and other tribes from the Amazon basin. Therefore, the Amondawa does not mention age, and growing up or changing their status in the tribe, the aboriginal simply takes a new name. Also absent in the Amondawa language are the turns, which describe the process of the passage of time in spatial terms. For example, we say “before this” (meaning not space, but time), “this incident is left behind,” but there are no such constructions in the Amondawa language.

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5. Kayapo

In Brazil, in the eastern part of the Amazon basin, there is a tributary of the Hengu, on the banks of which the Kayapo tribe lives. This very mysterious tribe of about 3,000 people is engaged in the usual activities of Aboriginal people: fishing, hunting and gathering. Kayapo are great experts in the field of knowledge healing properties plants, some of them they use to heal fellow tribesmen, and others for witchcraft. Shamans from the Kayapo tribe treat female infertility with herbs and improve male potency.
However, most of all, they interested researchers in their legends, which tell that in the distant past they were led by heavenly wanderers. The first Kayapo chief arrived in a kind of cocoon drawn by the whirlwind. With these legends, some attributes from modern rituals for example, objects that resemble aircraft and space suits. Tradition says that the leader who descended from heaven lived with the tribe for several years, and then returned to heaven.

The wildest African tribes

6. Nuba

The African Nuba tribe numbers about 10,000 people. The lands of the nuba lie in the territory of Sudan. This is a separate community with its own language, which does not come into contact with the outside world, therefore, for the time being, it has protected itself from the influence of civilization. This tribe has a very remarkable makeup ritual. The women of the tribe scar their bodies with intricate patterns, pierce the lower lip and insert quartz crystals into it.
Their marriage ritual associated with annual dances is also interesting. During them, the girls point to the favorites, putting their feet on the back of their shoulder. The happy chosen one does not see the girl's face, but he can inhale the smell of her sweat. However, such an "affair" does not have to end with a wedding, it is only permission for the groom secretly from the parents to sneak into the house of her parents, where she lives, at night. The presence of children is not a basis for the recognition of the legality of marriage. A man must live with pets until he builds his own hut. Only then can the couple sleep together on legal grounds, but a year after the housewarming, the spouses cannot eat from the same pot.

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7. Mursi

For women from the Mursi tribe, an exotic lower lip has become a visiting card. It is cut in childhood for girls, pieces of wood are inserted into the cut with increasing size over time. Finally, on the wedding day, a debi is inserted into the pendulous lip - a plate made of baked clay, the diameter of which can be up to 30 cm.
Mursi drink easily and constantly carry clubs or Kalashnikov assault rifles with them, which they would not mind using. When battles for supremacy take place within a tribe, they often end in the death of the losing side. The bodies of Mursi women usually appear sore and flabby, with sagging breasts and stooped backs. They are almost devoid of hair on their heads, hiding this flaw with incredibly lush headdresses, the material for which can be anything that comes to hand: dried fruits, branches, pieces of rough skin, someone's tails, marsh mollusks, dead insects and other carrion. It is difficult for Europeans to be near Mursi because of their unbearable smell.

8. Hamer (Hamar)

On the eastern side of the African Omo Valley, the Hamer or Hamar people live, numbering approximately 35,000 to 50,000. Along the banks of the river there are their villages, made up of huts with gabled roofs covered with thatch or grass. The entire household is located inside the hut: a bed, a hearth, a granary and a pen for goats. But only two or three wives with children live in the huts, and the head of the family either grazes the cattle all the time or protects the tribe's possessions from the raids of other tribes.
Dating with wives is very rare, and it is at these rare moments that children are conceived. But even after returning to the family for a short time, the men, having beaten their wives to their satisfaction with long rods, are satisfied with that, and go to sleep in pits resembling graves, and even sprinkle themselves with earth to a state of slight asphyxia. Apparently, they like such a semi-faint state more than closeness with their wives, and, in truth, they are not delighted with the "caresses" of their husbands and prefer to please each other. As soon as a girl develops external sexual characteristics (at about 12 years old), then she is considered ready for marriage. On the wedding day, the newly-made husband, having beat the bride hard with a cane rod (the more scars on her body remain, the more he loves), puts a silver collar around her neck, which she will wear all her life.

9. Bushmen

There is a group of tribes in South Africa collectively called the Bushmen. These are people of short stature, broad cheekbones, with narrow eyes and swollen eyelids. Their skin color is difficult to determine, as it is not customary in the Kalahari to waste water on washing, but they are definitely lighter than the neighboring tribes. Leading a wandering, half-starved life, the Bushmen believe in an afterlife. They have neither a tribal leader nor a shaman, there is not even a hint of a social hierarchy at all. But the elder of the tribe enjoys authority, although he does not have privileges and material advantages.
Bushmen surprise with their cuisine, especially "Bushman rice" - ant larvae. Young bushmen are considered the most beautiful in Africa. But as soon as they reach puberty and give birth, their appearance changes dramatically: the buttocks and hips spread sharply, and the stomach remains swollen. All this is not a consequence of dietary nutrition. To distinguish a pregnant bushwoman from the rest of the belly fellow tribesmen, she is coated with ocher or ash. And men of Bushmen at 35 already look like 80-year-olds - their skin sags everywhere and becomes covered with deep wrinkles.

10. Masai

The Maasai people are slender, tall, and cleverly braided their hair. They differ from other African tribes in their demeanor. While most tribes easily come into contact with outsiders, the Maasai with an innate sense of dignity keep their distance. But nowadays they have become much more sociable, they even agree to video and photography.
The Masai are about 670,000, they live in Tanzania and Kenya in East Africa, where they are engaged in cattle breeding. According to their beliefs, the gods entrusted the Masai with the care and guardianship of all the cows in the world. The Maasai childhood, which is the most carefree period in their life, ends by the age of 14, ending with an initiation ritual. Moreover, both boys and girls have it. The dedication of girls comes down to the terrible custom of clitoris circumcision for Europeans, but without it they cannot get married and do housework. After such a procedure, they do not feel the pleasure of intimacy, so they will be faithful wives.
After initiation, the boys turn into Moranians - young warriors. Their hair is coated with ocher, and covered with a bandage, a sharp spear is given out, and a kind of sword is hung on their belt. In this form, the Moran should pass with his head held high for several months.