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The role of internal affairs bodies in the structure of state power. The role of the internal affairs bodies in ensuring law and order. Police appointment. Place of the police in the police department

The federal law "On the police" (Article 1) classifies the police department as a system of state bodies executive power designed to protect the life, health, rights and freedoms of citizens, property, the interests of society and the state from criminal and other illegal encroachments and are entitled to use coercive measures.

The main tasks of the Internal Affairs Directorate as state bodies are:

    ensuring the personal safety of citizens;

    prevention and suppression of crimes and administrative offenses;

    disclosure of crimes;

    public order and maintenance public safety;

    assistance to citizens, officials, enterprises, institutions, organizations and public associations in the implementation of their legal rights and interests.

The activities of the Internal Affairs Directorate are built in accordance with the principles of legality, humanism, respect for human rights, and publicity. The internal affairs bodies solve the tasks they face in cooperation with other state bodies, public associations, labor collectives and citizens.

In its ATS activities are guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and by-laws in force on the territory of Russia (the Law "On the Police", the Law "On Operational-Investigative Activities", the Regulations on Service in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation, etc.).

Questions for self-control:

    Define the concept and reveal the main features of the mechanism of the state.

    What is the structure of the state machinery? List its main elements.

    What is the difference between a state authority and a material appendage of the state?

    Formulate the concept and list the features of the state apparatus (apparatus state power)

    How "state apparatus" and "state body" relate to each other

    Formulate the concept and list the signs of the organ of the state.

    How is the formation of state bodies carried out?

    Give the classification of government agencies.

    Determine the place and role of the internal affairs department in the state mechanism Russian Federation

    What functional tasks are carried out by the ATS?

    What documents regulate the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs?

Educational literature:

    Theory of state and law (diagrams and comments). Tutorial... / Ed. R.A. Romashova. SPb, 2000.S. 34 - 38.

    Theory of law and state: basic schemes and definitions (album of schemes). Tutorial. SPb .: St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia / Under total. ed. V.P. Salnikova, 1999, pp. 76 - 78.

    Klimenko A.V., Romanina V.V. Theory of State and Law: Textbook. manual for stud. institutions of environments. prof. education. M .: Mastery: Higher school, 2000. P.46 - 59.

    Khropanyuk V.N. Theory of Government and Rights. M., 1993.S. 100 - 114.

Additional literature:

    Averyanov V.B. The content of the activity of the state administrative apparatus and its organizational forms // Sov. state and law, 1988. No. 6.

    Ardashkin V.D. Towards the modern concept of the state // Jurisprudence. 1992. No. 2.

    Baytin M.I. The mechanism of the modern Russian state // Jurisprudence. 1996. No. 3.

    Berdashkevich A. About the legal status of the authorities of R.F. // Power. 2000. No. 11.

    D.A. Kovachev Function, tasks, competence and legal capacity of a state body // Jurisprudence. 1985. No. 4.

    Osavelyuk A.M. The modern mechanism of the system of checks and balances // State and Law. 1993. No. 12.

One of the main tasks of the internal affairs bodies in the field of family law is the prevention of family problems. This is the earliest identification of criminogenic and immoral families in order to exclude their negative impact on adolescents, as well as prevention of criminality in problem and pseudo-prosperous families. It is for these families that the unwillingness to educate their children is characteristic, which entails the family legal responsibility of the parents. This provides for the protection of not only the interests of the child, but also the interests of society as a whole. Measures of such liability are: deprivation of parental rights (Article 69 of the RF IC), removal of a child from the family (Article 73 of the RF IC), etc., and responsibility can occur regardless of the presence of harmful consequences.

Also, the task of the internal affairs bodies is the prevention of negative, primarily criminogenic, influences of spontaneous adolescent groups, the identification and separation of criminogenic and criminal groups of minors, the role in the preventive activities of socially neglected adolescents, control and supervision of difficult to educate adolescents, juvenile criminals, the fight against drug addiction , alcoholism and other tasks.

The implementation of the above tasks is entrusted to the departments for the prevention and suppression of juvenile delinquency - the juvenile affairs unit (PDN), which are part of the public security police, district inspectors and other services whose competence relates to these tasks. So, for example, according to the Instruction on the organization of the work of the district police inspector, the district inspector, together with the PDN service, is obliged to identify and control the behavior of certain categories of adolescents, whose behavior indicates the possible commission of crimes and offenses.

Concluding the consideration of this issue, we will formulate the definition of family law, taking into account the peculiarities of the subject and the method of family legal regulation.

Family law - it is a combination legal regulations regulating on the basis of the permissive-imperative method, personal non-property and property relations derived from them, arising from marriage, consanguinity, the adoption of children for upbringing in a family.

It must be remembered that family law regulates the scope family relations and related personal property relations, as well as the rights and obligations of adult family members for the upbringing and maintenance of children. The knowledge gained will help you use the norms correctly family law both in practice and use them to resolve problem situations in their family life.

S.G. MAZOV,

Adjunct of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines (Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia)

The role of the internal affairs bodies in providing national security

Based on the analysis of a number of normative legal acts and the effectiveness of the activities of the internal affairs bodies, the article examines some aspects of the problems of determining the place and role of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in ensuring national security.

National security, goals and objectives of the internal affairs bodies, legal basis, types of national security.

The internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation are going through a state of reform: the main directions of activity, duties and rights are set out in the Federal Law of February 7, 2011 No. З-ФЗ "On the Police", as well as in the decrees of the President of Russia of March 1, 2011 No. 248 and No. 249. At the same time, signing legislative act about the police, President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev noted that it is not ideal and can be adjusted as needed.

The system of ensuring national security in the Russian Federation is also at the stage of reform: the Decree of the President of Russia dated May 12, 2009 No. 537 "On approval of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020" was issued, Federal Law No. 390- dated December 28, 2010 F3 "On Security", as well as a number of special normative legal acts regulating issues of ensuring specific types of national security.

It is legally established that the concept of security (national security) includes the security of the state and the individual, public, environmental and other types of security provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, which include aviation, fire, transport security, as well as security, enshrined in various federal laws. road traffic, industrial safety of hazardous products

* Previously - Deputy Head Training center Department of Internal Affairs for the Murmansk region.

production facilities, radiation safety of the population.

The legal basis for the participation of internal affairs bodies in ensuring national security is clause 6 of the National Security Strategy, according to which law enforcement agencies are included in the forces ensuring its implementation. The legislator has defined the federal law enforcement service as a professional service activity of citizens in positions, services and institutions, functional responsibilities which are the maintenance of security, law and order, the fight against crime, the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms. However, the presented definition does not apply, since a separate federal law on law enforcement has not yet been adopted and, accordingly, has not been enacted.

In addition, the legislation of the Russian Federation does not contain a definition of the internal affairs bodies. At the same time, it is generally accepted that the area of ​​their activities covers measures to protect everyone and everyone from threats posed by criminal and other unlawful encroachments, and extends to the areas of ensuring personal, physical, property security of citizens, public, road, partly state and environmental, as well as some other types of security of the individual, society and state.

The uncertainty arising in this regard regarding the establishment of the role and place of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in the field of ensuring national security determines the relevance of considering this issue.

An analysis of the normative legal regulation and the results of the activities of the internal affairs bodies shows that, despite the absence of a direct consolidation of their participation in ensuring national security, they perform tasks to ensure almost all of its types.

In accordance with the regulation approved by the Decree of the President of Russia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is the federal executive body

power, exercising the functions of developing and implementing public policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of internal affairs, as well as the development of state policy in the field of migration.

In particular, the main tasks attributed to the competence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are to ensure the protection of life, health, rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens, stateless persons, combating crime, protecting public order and property, ensuring public safety.

An integral part the unified centralized system of the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs is the police, which is intended to protect the life, health, rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens, stateless persons, as well as to counter crime, protect public order, property and to ensure public safety.

In accordance with the Federal Law "On the Police", its activities are carried out in the following main areas:

1) protection of the individual, society, state from unlawful encroachments;

2) prevention and suppression of crimes and administrative offenses;

3) detection and disclosure of crimes, production of inquest in criminal cases;

4) search for persons;

5) proceedings on cases of administrative offenses, execution administrative penalties;

6) ensuring law and order in in public places;

7) ensuring road safety;

8) control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of arms trafficking;

9) control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of private detective (detective) and security activities;

10) protection of property and objects, including on a contractual basis;

11) state protection victims, witnesses and other participants in criminal proceedings, judges, prosecutors, investigators, officials of law enforcement and regulatory bodies, as well as other protected persons;

12) the implementation of expert and criminalistic activities.

Thus, all the tasks of the internal affairs bodies in the field of ensuring national security are entrusted to the police units, which solve them at all levels of management - strategic, tactical and operational.

The functions of the internal affairs bodies in the field of ensuring national security are carried out within the framework of administrative, operational-search and criminal-procedural activities.

Administrative activities represents the most voluminous part. It manifests itself in ensuring the safety of citizens and public order, in particular on air, rail and water transport... In addition, the internal affairs bodies ensure order and safety during processions, rallies and demonstrations, religious rites and ceremonies, and folk festivals. The internal affairs bodies have a special role in ensuring order and security in the event of a situation. extraordinary character: in time natural Disasters, major accidents and disasters, epidemics, riots, armed interethnic conflicts, terrorist acts. The administrative activities of the internal affairs bodies are also manifested in the field of road safety, protection of property of individuals and legal entities.

Based on the results of operational and service activities in 2010, the internal affairs bodies revealed more than 90% of all registered crimes, over 95% of all economic crimes, about 60% of crimes related to drug trafficking.

Operational search activity is an equally important area of ​​work of the internal affairs bodies to ensure national security and is regulated by the requirements of the relevant federal law.

The criminal procedural activity of the internal affairs bodies also occupies one of the central locations in the field of ensuring national security. In 2010, employees of the internal affairs bodies reviewed more than 20 million applications, reports and other information about incidents, initiated over 2 million criminal cases, preliminary investigated about 80% of the total number of criminal cases initiated for the crimes committed.

In addition to the above, an important place in the activities of the internal affairs bodies to ensure national security

organization takes preventive work... So, in 2010, about 100 thousand crimes were detected at the stage of preparation and attempted murder, which amounted to more than 5% of the total number of crimes identified.

Thus, the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation carry out multifunctional activities, the place and role of which in the mechanism of ensuring national security consists in the realization of national interests (ensuring constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, participation in ensuring the social stability of society, the implementation of a socially oriented market economy in Russia, maintaining an appropriate level environmental safety, protecting society from terrorism, etc.) to counter threats to national security.

At the same time in current legislation this role is practically not reflected, which negatively affects the idea of ​​the legal status of the internal affairs bodies as a subject of ensuring national security. There is actually a task, but a direct indication of it in the normative legal acts no. In this regard, it is proposed to part 1 of Art. 2 of the Federal Law "On the Police" to supplement clause 13 "ensuring national security within its competence."

This appears to fill a certain regulatory gap. legal status bodies of internal affairs of the Russian Federation.

Bibliography

1. Air Code of the Russian Federation.

3. On safety: Federal law of the Russian Federation of

4. About fire safety: Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 21, 1994, No. 69-FZ (as amended on September 28, 2010) // Ros. gas. 1995.5 Jan.

5. On road safety: Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 10, 1995 No. 196-FZ (as amended on July 23, 2010) // Ros. gas. 1995.26 Dec.

6.O transport security: Federal Law of the Russian Federation of February 09, 2007 No. 16-FZ (as amended on June 29, 2010) // Ros. gas. 2007.14 Feb.

7.O industrial safety dangerous production facilities: Federal Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1997 No. 116-FZ (as amended on December 27, 2009) // Ros. gas. 1997.30 July.

8.O radiation safety population: Federal Law of the Russian Federation of January 9, 1996 No. З-ФЗ (as amended on July 23, 2008) // Ros. gas. 1996.17 Jan.

9. About the system public service Russian Federation: Federal Law of the Russian Federation of May 27, 2003 No. 58-FZ (as amended on December 28, 2010) // Ros. gas. 2003.31 May.

10. On operational-search activity: Federal Law of the Russian Federation of August 12, 1995 No. 144-FZ (as amended on December 28, 2010) // Ros. gas. 1995.18 aug.

11.On approval of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020: Decree of the President of Russia dated May 12

12. About creation integrated system ensuring the safety of the population in transport: Decree of the President of Russia dated March 31, 2010 No. 403 // Ros. gas. 2010.5 apr.

14. About the statement of the Doctrine food security Russian Federation: Decree of the President of Russia dated January 30, 2010 No. 120 // Ros. gas. 2010.3 Feb.

15. On approval of the Strategy of the State Anti-Drug Policy of the Russian Federation until 2020: Decree of the President of Russia dated June 9, 2010 No. 690 // Ros. gas.

16. Questions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation: Decree of the President of Russia dated March 1, 2011 No. 248 // Ros. gas.

17. About approval Model provision on the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the constituent entity of the Russian Federation: Decree of the President of Russia dated March 1, 2011 No. 249 // Ros. gas. 2011.2 March.

18. Questions of the organization of the police: Decree of the President of Russia dated March 1, 2011 No. 250 // Ros. gas. 2011.2 March.

19. Butylin V.N., Goncharov I.V., Barbin V.V. Ensuring human and civil rights and freedoms in the activities of internal affairs bodies (organizational and legal aspects): a course of lectures. M., 2007.

20. Kardashova I.B. Ensuring the national security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: monograph. M., 2007.

22. Official site of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. URL: http: // www.mvd.ru/useriiles/iile/noyabr_2010. pdf.

The Ministry of Internal Affairs in many states is one of the oldest and most stable structures in terms of reorganization. Moreover, it is included in a small group of departments that make up the government core. The organs of Russia have existed for about two centuries. In the USSR, they were called the NKVD, after the change of the regime - the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Next, we will consider in more detail the activities of the internal affairs bodies.

General information

The internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation belong to the executive branch of government. They carry out various functions. The activities of the internal affairs bodies are aimed at the development and implementation of state policy, legal regulation, development of programs in the field of migration.

Distinctive features

The main feature of the structure is that the units included in it, among other things, also perform a law enforcement function. This distinctive feature is directly and directly reflected in the powers vested in the system of internal affairs bodies. This feature is seen in the structure of the apparatus, methods and forms of implementation of functions, and in other elements of its

In any form law enforcement considered public. In other words, the execution of tasks is carried out outside the industry: on the street, markets, squares, and other public places. This suggests that the system of internal affairs bodies - internal troops, police and other units - is performing a task that is not of an intra-industry nature. It was formed not to coordinate self-maintenance of security and order, but to promote the establishment and maintenance of law and order in society both in relation to citizens and organizations.

Undoubtedly, within the industry itself there are various tasks to improve its organization, financing, equipment and so on. The efficiency of the structure functioning outside the industry depends on the quality and speed of solving these problems. However, for all the significance and importance of the intra-sectoral organization, the highest priority tasks are those that are subordinated to the main function of the law enforcement sphere - security and the maintenance of order in society.

Credentials

The internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation form a large-scale structure and constitute an entire branch of government. At the same time, their powers extend to the state and the entire society within the part of the law enforcement sphere assigned to them. This purpose of the structure is determined by all the main aspects of its organizational and legal status, methods and forms of implementation, competence. The main tasks of the industry include:

  • Development and implementation of domestic and migration policies.
  • Management of subdivisions of the RF Ministry of Internal Affairs and the internal troops of the country.
  • Ensuring the safety of health, life, freedoms and rights of the population of the state, foreigners, subjects without citizenship; combating crime, maintaining public safety, protecting property and order.
  • Legal regulation.
  • Ensuring legal and social protection police officers, serving in the internal troops, state civilian officials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Employees of internal affairs bodies, citizens dismissed from service in the police department and from the ranks of the troops, their family members have the right to receive appropriate support. In accordance with current law, this task is entrusted to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Directions

From the given powers by means of norms administrative law the implementation of two types of activities is carried out: management and operational-search. The first is considered the most extensive of all existing subsectors. Work in the internal affairs bodies for this direction requires a large number of employees. In this regard, the majority of employees are involved in the execution of administrative tasks. The managerial sphere of the Ministry of Internal Affairs unites many specific internal affairs bodies and employees. Within the framework of this sub-sector, public order supervision, administrative control, etc. are carried out.

Subdivisions

The structure of the industry is being built on the basis of the tasks set and the competence of the Internal Affairs Directorate. At the moment, the system includes such main divisions and departments as:

  • The central office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
  • Police.
  • The main command staff of the internal troops.
  • Investigative Department.
  • Main Directorate for Ensuring the Protection of Public Law and Order and Coordination of Interactions with the Executive in the Subjects.
  • Traffic police.
  • The main apparatus of the private security structure.
  • Central management on countering extremism.
  • The main apparatus of its own security.
  • Central Office for Economic Security and Anti-Corruption.

Structural differences

From the above list of structures that form the industry, it can be seen that some internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation have the status of a state administration unit, for example, internal affairs departments. Others are fixed as independent structural elements. This means that their powers extend beyond, in fact, the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Such units, for example, include the traffic police.

The internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and independent subdivisions of the structure exercise the powers given to them through their apparatus. It has a specific device. The Central Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs includes departments and departments that are formed in accordance with the principle of specialization in the execution of certain tasks within the main areas.

Legal basis

The main normative act that regulates the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is the Constitution. The main prescriptions are also contained in acts of the State Duma, orders and Federal Laws, and government decrees. The legal basis for the activity is carried out through the norms and principles of world law, international treaties, the Regulation on the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The order of activity is also determined by other orders, instructions, regulations of the department.

The functioning of the structure is carried out on the basis of the principles of observance and respect for human and civil rights, humanism, legality, transparency, close interaction with state authorities and administration, the population, public associations, and the media. Territorial bodies internal affairs are represented by regional (regional), district, city administrations and departments.

General points of the organizational and legal situation

Functions between local administration and the Ministry of Internal Affairs are divided in the order of the formation of a system of dual subordination - horizontal and vertical. The management of the control apparatus is mainly focused on ensuring the material, financial and organizational conditions for the effective implementation of the tasks assigned to the ATS. In function administrative structure also includes giving instructions and informing about various events (fairs, demonstrations, rallies). Higher authorities VD resolve issues on regulations, improving the methods and forms of activity of officials and departments in general, generalization of experience, and so on. Local structures perform mainly tasks of practical prevention, suppression misconduct and ensuring that perpetrators are held accountable.

Features of ATC subjects

In the krais (oblasts), the internal affairs administrations direct the subordinate bodies in cities and districts. They also implement separate law enforcement tasks by their own means and forces. In particular, they provide security during events on a regional (regional) scale, lead police units, and so on.

Urban and district departments represent the lower level of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In fact, they carry out the bulk of the work on security and law enforcement. They have at their disposal specialized and qualified police forces and other structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Their sphere of activity includes the practical solution of the problems of the passport regime, security and order protection in squares, streets and in other public places. Officials those employed in these divisions devote a lot of time to receiving citizens, considering their complaints and applications. They also devote a lot of time to uniting the forces of the public in the fight against crimes, control over the activities of district inspectors.

There are two main elements in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, with the help of which the tasks are carried out and the powers are realized. These include the police and internal troops. In their arsenal, they have mainly methods and means of an administrative-legal nature. Themselves, these units belong to law enforcement structure... All subordinate elements are guided and supervised by Federal bodies internal affairs.

Police

It represents one of the critical parts ATS systems. As legal basis the functioning of the police is advocated by the Constitution of the country, corresponding to the Federal Law, international treaties, decrees of the President and the Government and other regulations. This structural element ensures the safety of citizens and the maintenance of order through patrolling. In 2011, a reform was carried out, as a result of which former police was reorganized into the police.

Finally

General leadership in the field of internal affairs is carried out by the President and the Government of the country. The most important tasks are assigned to the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Safety on the streets, the safety of freedoms and rights of citizens depend on the professionalism of employees. The internal affairs bodies are actively fighting crime and protecting property.

Acting as the main, central link, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the country implements the tasks of developing and implementing measures to protect the population, objects (regardless of their form of ownership) and taking measures to prevent and suppress administrative and criminal offenses. The activities of the internal affairs bodies include a complex of several organizational and legal forms: criminal procedural, operational-search and administrative.

The law enforcement sector has undergone significant changes in the past few years. In particular, the police were reorganized, amendments were made to the legislative base. Thus, the detainee's right to commit phone call, detailing the procedures for the use of special equipment and detention, a description of the powers that the police have when entering a residential building, and other prescriptions.

A.A. BABANOV, Head of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines of the Volga Institute of Economics, Pedagogy and Law, Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor market economy caused new qualitative changes in all areas public life... The crime situation sharply escalated, manifestations of various forms of negative social deviations began to acquire a mass character, significantly hampering the functioning of social institutions and organizations. As a tool political power to ensure the internal security of the individual, society and the state, the internal affairs bodies are a kind social organization in the system of power, and in the structure of law enforcement agencies - the central link in ensuring law and order and combating crime.

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A.A. BABANOV,

Head of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines of the Volga Institute of Economics, Pedagogy and Law, Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor

The rapid process of Russia's entry into the market economy has led to new qualitative changes in all spheres of public life. The crime situation sharply escalated, manifestations of various forms of negative social deviations began to acquire a mass character, significantly hampering the functioning of social institutions and organizations. As an instrument of political power to ensure the internal security of the individual, society and the state, the internal affairs bodies are a kind of social organization in the power system, and in the structure of law enforcement agencies - the central link in ensuring law and order and combating crime.

Changing economic, social, political, legal, spiritual and moral conditions are a feature of the functioning of social institutions and organizations, including internal affairs bodies. The living conditions make adjustments to the goals and objectives of their activities, determine a change in the mechanism of functioning, assess the effectiveness of work. The Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation and the Concept of Development of Internal Affairs Bodies and Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, developed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, reflected the objective need for reforming the internal affairs bodies.

The internal affairs bodies have a complex, multi-level structure. Determining the role and place of it in the system of ensuring national security, establishing the starting points from which the process of its qualitative transformations begins, the reasons that caused them, as well as the very course of introducing innovations become the subject of study by specialists in the field of management theory, administrative law, theory and history of the state. and law, as well as philosophy, sociology of organizations, political science.

At present, the development of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia lags behind the requirements that are imposed on it in connection with general change political, economic and social situation in Russia. The predominance of a repressive orientation and disregard for the rights and interests of citizens and entrepreneurs are still characteristic of the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. This is primarily due to the fact that the selection of personnel for the internal affairs bodies is still not at the proper level.

The system of subdivisions for work with personnel that currently exists in the internal affairs bodies does not have the proper effect on the morale of employees, strengthening discipline and legality. Many employees have lost confidence in the necessity and usefulness of their chosen profession for the society, interest in conscientious performance of official duties. The prestige of the internal affairs bodies and public confidence in their work sharply decreased. Material incentives have become a priority in the work with personnel. A significant number of employees began to combine service in the internal affairs bodies with work in commercial organizations, state structures, which negatively affected their attitude to the performance of their official duties, executive discipline and compliance with the rule of law.

The personnel departments are facing new tasks related to fundamental changes in the forms and methods of working with personnel. Many tasks related to the protection of society and the state cannot be solved without appropriate moral prerequisites and conditions. It is important not only to correct the state and public criteria for ensuring the rule of law with moral criteria, but to give this process, means and methods a humanistic content, that is, to bring their content in line with moral requirements. The rating of trust in the police by the population remains one of the lowest in comparison with others law enforcement, state and public institutions... This disappointing conclusion is confirmed by the results of numerous surveys of citizens conducted by independent sociological centers in almost all regions of the country.

According to the results of surveys by the independent research center ROMIR and All-Russian Center public opinion polls, the last rise in trust in the police was recorded in October 2000: the number of those who trust by 0.1% exceeded the number of those who do not trust (47.5 and 47.4%, respectively), and six months later the trust rating dropped sharply. In the future, the rating of trust in the police practically does not change from November 1996 to September 2002 and fluctuates at the level of 35-40%.

However, one problem is clearly overlooked in scientific research and journalism. Meanwhile, it concerns the formation of the personality of an employee of the internal affairs bodies, the psychological content of his life, motivation and the meaning of professional activity in new socio-cultural conditions, as well as emerging professional deformations.

Due to the high social significance of the activity, the policeman for the main categories of citizens seems to be only the bearer of a certain social function. This function is studied, analyzed and evaluated, while the person himself, as a rule, remains in the background.

At the same time, each person, regardless of the uniformity of the form, is also an individual who has his own unique inner content associated with the desire to assert himself in life. The idea of ​​their individual importance in society generates a contradiction between individual needs and social conditions.

One of distinctive features activities of employees of internal affairs bodies is that the contradiction gives rise to the phenomenon of duty as a necessary condition for maintaining its social significance. The development of this phenomenon, the formation legal system values ​​should become the main objectives.

The activities of employees of internal affairs bodies is an organized practical interaction of people in social system, partially closed from the rest of society, which limits them with strict legal and moral norms. A special place in the regulation of service relations in the internal affairs bodies is occupied by service discipline. In accordance with Art. 35 of the Regulations on service in the internal affairs bodies, responsibility for the state of service discipline among subordinates is assigned to the head. Along with the high exactingness of his subordinates, he is obliged to:

· Create the necessary conditions for work, rest, advanced training of subordinates;

· To instill in subordinates a sense of responsibility for the performance of official duties; ensure transparency and objectivity in assessing the performance of subordinates;

· Respect the honor and dignity of subordinates;

· Not allow protectionism in work with personnel, persecution of employees of internal affairs bodies for personal reasons or for criticism of shortcomings in the activities of internal affairs bodies.

Internal regulations in the internal affairs bodies are established by their immediate supervisors in accordance with the legislation and based on the specifics of their activities. When determining the working time regime, the manager must take into account that the duration of working hours established by labor legislation applies to employees of the internal affairs bodies. Employees of the internal affairs bodies may be involved in necessary cases to perform official duties in excess of the established time, as well as at night, on weekends and holidays... In these cases, compensation must be provided in the manner provided by law about labor.

The criminal situation in the country, armed conflicts, acts of terrorism, etc. make it necessary to maintain a constantly increased combat readiness personnel divisions and services of the internal affairs bodies. The introduction of enhanced service options has become a normal phenomenon. Overtime processing continues to take place, significantly exceeding the annual limit, the work and rest regime is violated. Due to the unsatisfactory material support of the internal affairs bodies, it is not possible to compensate for work beyond the established duration in monetary terms, the provision of extra days rest during the introduction enhanced version service is not allowed.

Service relations are regulated by the Federal Law of July 31, 1995 No. 119-FZ "On the fundamentals of public service in the Russian Federation." The law also applies to employees serving in the internal affairs bodies, although it does not mention this type of public service as public service in the internal affairs bodies. It contains the main provisions on the passage of public service. Features of public service in individual government bodies are established federal laws(Clause 2, Article 4). Unfortunately no regulatory framework regulating the civil service in the internal affairs bodies, which implies some difficulty in determining the place and role of this type of civil service, as well as legal status employees of internal affairs bodies.

In terms of its content, the civil service is one of the activities of the state in the formation of a professional cadre core in order to fulfill the tasks of the state in the implementation of the function of protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, ensuring the rule of law and law and order. In more detail, service relations in the internal affairs bodies are regulated by a set of normative acts. Formation process legislative framework legal support the functioning of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the order of service in the internal affairs bodies has not yet been completed and needs to be improved.

Successful professional activity employees of internal affairs bodies largely depends on their legal position (status) in the civil service. The effectiveness of the functioning of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia depends on the nature legal framework.

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