State and power in the Russian Federation. Our state is the Russian Federation Our state is called the Russian Federation. The word "federation" means that the state unites many republics, territories, regions. The most. Presentation on theme: State

Slide 1

Slide 2

Russia is a democratic federal state with a republican form of government. The subjects of the federation are republics, territories, regions, cities of federal significance (Moscow, St. Petersburg), autonomous regions and autonomous regions.
Russian Federation

Slide 3

Head of state
The head of state is the President of the Russian Federation, elected Russian citizens for four years on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage at secret ballot... The President is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Slide 4

Legislature
The representative and legislative body of the Russian Federation (its parliament) - Federal Assembly, consists of two chambers: the State Duma and the Federation Council.
Moscow. Building State Duma Russian Federation

Slide 5

Executive power
Executive power is exercised by the government of the Russian Federation, headed by a chairman appointed by the president with the consent of the State Duma.

Slide 6

Judicial branch
Judiciary, independent system judiciary the state administering justice in the Russian Federation is carried out by the courts.

Slide 7

Slide 8

State symbols
Flag, coat of arms, anthem - official State symbols, meaning the sovereignty (independence) of the state.

Slide 9

Coat of arms of Russia
The coat of arms of Russia is a dark red shield, which depicts a golden two-headed eagle. The emblem of Moscow is placed on the eagle's chest, it also has the shape of a shield. This means that Moscow is the capital of the mighty Russian state.

Slide 10

Russian flag
The flag of Russia consists of three stripes of the same width. The upper stripe is white (nobility), the middle one is blue (honesty), the lower one is red (courage and generosity).

Slide 11

Russian anthem
A hymn is a solemn song praising someone. When the anthem is played, people usually stand up. This is how respect is shown for the country whose anthem is being played.

Slide 12

Constitution of the Russian Federation
The Constitution is the Basic Law of the State, which proclaims and guarantees the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, determines the foundations of the social system, the form of government and territorial structure, state symbols and the capital.

Slide 13

Citizenship of the Russian Federation - a stable legal relationship of a person with the Russian Federation, expressed in the aggregate of their mutual rights and responsibilities.
Citizen is individual belonging to legal basis to a specific state. A citizen of Russia has all the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Slide 14

Passport
The document certifying the citizenship of the Russian Federation is the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. All citizens of the Russian Federation who have reached the age of 14 and live in the territory of the Russian Federation must have a passport.

Slide 15

Rights
Human rights is a concept that characterizes legal status a person in relation to the state, his opportunities in the social, economic, political and cultural spheres. In the Russian Federation, human and civil rights and freedoms are recognized and guaranteed in accordance with generally recognized principles and norms. international law and in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Fundamental human rights and freedoms are inalienable and belong to everyone from birth.

Slide 16

Basic rights
The right to life (Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) The right to education (Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) The right to freedom and personal inviolability (Article 22 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) The right to inviolability of the home (Article 25 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) The right to freedom of thought and words (Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) The right to work (Article 37 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation)

Slide 17

Responsibilities
The state presents us with rights, but the citizen also has duties that must be fulfilled. Here are some of them: Every citizen must respect the laws of the state and observe the rules of conduct established in society. Every citizen must work honestly, be conscientious and disciplined. Every citizen must defend his homeland.

Russian Federation Prepared by a student of grade 9 "B" Ilya Kondratenkov

A little about the history of Russia

RUSSIA (FROM GREEK. POPULATION FOR 2012 IS 143.2 MILLION PEOPLE, TERRITORY - 17 098 246 KM². TAKES FIRST PLACE IN THE WORLD BY TERRITORY AND NINTH PLACE BY POPULATION. MOSCOW THE CAPITAL. NATIONAL LANGUAGE - RUSSIAN. MIXED REPUBLIC OF FEDERAL DEVICE. IN MAY 2012, VLADIMIR PUTIN HAS TAKEN THE POST OF PRESIDENT, AND THE CHAIRMAN OF THE GOVERNMENT - DMITRY MEDVEDEV. Population, territory, capital, state language, president.

In the 2000s, a number of socio-economic reforms were carried out in Russia: tax, land, pension, banking, monetization of benefits, reforms labor relations, electric power industry and railway transport... In September 2005, “National Projects” were launched in Russia to resolve the most pressing social problems: health care, education, housing policy and Agriculture... In 2006, 161 billion rubles were allocated for these programs, in 2007 - 206 billion Russia in 2000

Geographical position of Russia

Sights of russia

Russian architecture, on the one hand, developed national traditions, primarily wooden architecture, on the other hand, in stone and brick religious buildings it follows the tradition, the roots of which were established back in Byzantium, and then in the Eastern Slavic state of Kievan Rus. After the fall of Kiev, Russian architectural history continued in the principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal, and Novgorod, and subsequent states - the Moscow Kingdom, Russian Empire, The Soviet Union, and the modern Russian Federation. For a number of the most important buildings in the Kremlin and for the construction of the Moscow Kremlin itself, Italian architects were involved. The original Russian national tendencies in religious building took root slowly, as they ran counter to religious canons. After the reforms of Peter the Great, Russian architecture developed quite along the lines of European architecture. Centralization state power characteristic of Russia led to the unification of the architectural style, often at the direct instructions of the emperor. Russian architecture

St Basil's Church

Russia is my country I love Russia, it is very beautiful. There are a lot of beautiful forests and beautiful nature in Russia. I like living in Russia.

In this lesson, we will learn about the geographical location of our country, the size of its territory. Let's consider its borders, find out what oceans and seas its shores are washed with, what countries it adjoins. Let's discuss what the word "federation" means, what constituent entities are part of Russia. Let's remember the wonders and natural resources of Russia, important cities, great people.

Russia located in the Northern Hemisphere, on the continent of Eurasia (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Russia on the map of Eurasia ()

It's the biggest country in the world. It occupies 1/6 of the earth's land area, its area exceeds seventeen million square kilometers. To fly over Russia from west to east, the plane will need at least eleven hours, and from north to south, the train will travel for three days. Conventionally, the borders between Europe and Asia run along the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, therefore part of Russia is located in Europe, part in Asia.

Consider on the map, the waters of which oceans wash our homeland. Russia is washed by the waters of the Pacific and Arctic oceans, as well as the seas of the Atlantic Ocean: Baltic, Black, Azov and Caspian. On the map of the North, we can find many Russian names of travelers and explorers.

Russia borders on eighteen countries. This is the largest figure in the world. Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Abkhazia, Georgia, South Ossetia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea are neighbors of Russia, and maritime boundaries Russia has with Japan and the United States (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Russia on the political map of Eurasia ()

The official name of our country is. Federation means a voluntary association of equal territories and peoples. It includes various subjects: 21 republics, as well as autonomous regions and territories. Since olden times, Russia has been inhabited by different peoples. Today representatives of over one hundred and sixty nationalities live in it, therefore it is called a multinational and multilingual country. These are Russians, Tatars, Bashkirs, Karelians, Nenets and many others (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Peoples of Russia ()

Ukrainians and Belarusians live on the territory of Russia. Each of the peoples differs from others in history, language, culture, traditions, but historically it so happened that a common the state language Russian became for all its inhabitants. Documents are written in Russian, international negotiations are underway, education is underway in schools and universities. A common language unites residents from different parts of the world, but all peoples have the opportunity to preserve their own language and learn it in schools.

Each country has its own decals. State symbols- flag, coat of arms, anthem. State flag of Russia tricolor (fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Flag of the Russian Federation ()

Its cloth consists of three equal-sized horizontal stripes - white, blue and red. The selection of colors is not accidental. Since ancient times, each color has had its own special meaning... Above there is a white stripe, white is a special, divine color. In Russia, white meant peace, purity, truth. The blue stripe in the middle is, of course, the color of clear sky and water. The main occupation of the country's population was agriculture. The more fine days, the better the harvest. Blue is the color of faith, loyalty. The red stripe below is a symbol of earth, courage, strength. Red is fire and blood. Our ancestors loved their land and affectionately called it red - beautiful. Red was considered the color of beauty, all the most beautiful, the best. Just a few centuries ago, a girl's wedding dress was not white, but red. No wonder the main square in our ancient capital Moscow is called Red (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Fireworks on Red Square ()

In addition to the flag, each country has one more identification mark, the symbol - coat of arms... V modern Russia adopted an old coat of arms, which depicts a two-headed eagle on a red shield - a symbol of the power of the state. The double-headed eagle denoted in the past centuries the empire, which was located in two parts of the world, in Europe and Asia. And today it means power, strength, nobility. In the very center of the coat of arms, on the chest of the eagle, there is another coat of arms depicting a rider who strikes a black dragon snake with a sharp sword. This is the coat of arms of Moscow, the capital of Russia. The horseman depicted on it, Saint George the Victorious, defeats the enemies of the state. He is a symbol of the victory of light over darkness, good over evil (Fig. 7).

Rice. 7. Coat of arms of the Russian Federation ()

The rights and obligations of Russian citizens are written in the main law of the country - Constitution of the Russian Federation(fig. 8).

Rice. 8. Constitution of the Russian Federation ()

The laws- these are the rules set by the state. They are binding on the entire territory and must be respected by every citizen and institution. Even holidays are established by law. For example, on June 12, Russia is celebrated in our country, August 22 is the Day national flag, November 4 - National Unity Day, and December 12 - Constitution Day of the Russian Federation.

Hymn is a solemn song of praise. In the anthem of any state, the country and its people are glorified. It is performed on especially solemn occasions. When singing the anthem, it is necessary to stand up, thereby showing respect for the country and its people. The modern anthem of the Russian Federation was written by the composer Alexander Alexandrov and the poet Alexei Mikhalkov (Fig. 9).

Rice. 9. Anthem of the Russian Federation ()

- capital of the Russian Federation... This is one of the ancient cities of Russia, around which the lands of a single state united for many centuries. Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, but it has not always been the center of Russia (Fig. 10).

Our state has been counting since 862, when different Slavic tribes were united on the Novgorod land. In fact, the most ancient city was the first capital of Russia (Fig. 11). In the Novgorod Kremlin in 1862 a monument to the Millennium of Russia was erected.

Rice. 11. Veliky Novgorod ()

From the second half of the fifteenth century it was the capital of the unified Russian state. In 1703, a city was founded on the Neva River, which, at the direction of Tsar Peter I, became the new young capital of Russia and remained it for more than two hundred years. Then Moscow became the capital again, and St. Petersburg retained the title cultural capital(fig. 12).

Rice. 12. St. Petersburg ()

There are many cities and towns in Russia, old and modern young. There are cities with a million or more inhabitants. They are called millionaire cities... it Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Omsk, Ufa, Kazan other. There is cities - monuments Russian ancient architecture. Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Vladimir are the cities that are called Golden ring of Russia... There is hero cities... And each city is beautiful in its own way for those who were born and live in it.

Relief of Russia varied. Mountains of the Caucasus, Urals, Siberia and Of the Far East occupy a vast territory, but more than 70% of the territory is occupied plains and lowlands... Russia is the most forest country in the world. Half of its entire area is covered with forests. A quarter of the world's forest reserves are in Russia (Fig. 13-15).

On the territory of Russia there is one of cold poles Northern Hemisphere. In the village of Oymyakon in Yakutia, the most low temperature- -72 ° C (Fig. 16).

The warmest sea in Russia - Black... Its coast is the only one subtropic in the country... Russia ranks first in the world in terms of fresh surface waters... And some of the largest rivers in the world are Lena, Cupid, Yenisei, Ob, Volga(fig. 17-19).

On the territory of the country there are some of the largest fresh lakes the world: Baikal(the deepest in the world) , Ladoga, Onega, a Caspian Sea is the largest salt lake in the world (Fig. 20-22). For its size, it is called the sea.

Highest and most active volcano Eurasia - Klyuchevskaya Sopka(fig. 23). It is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Nature has created a real miracle here - Valley of Geysers... Fountains are pouring straight from the ground hot water(fig. 24).

The highest point in Russia - Mountain Elbrus... Located in the North Caucasus. This is an ancient volcano (Fig. 25).

Rice. 25. Mount Elbrus ()

There is a miracle of nature in Ural mountains, Ice Mountain, and in it is an ode from the largest caves in the country - ice (Fig. 26). She is like the fairytale palace of the Snow Queen. There are grottoes with huge stalactites made of mineral salts.

Rice. 26. Kungurskaya cave ()

An unusually beautiful natural phenomenon can be observed in the Arctic - Polar Lights... The main discovery of the Arctic took place in the past, twentieth century. It was made by the Russian expedition "North Pole No. 1" on a drifting ice floe. Now the northern sea route has been laid along the entire northern border of Russia along the seas of the Arctic.

Russian mineral resources are also rich. Russia ranks first in the world in terms of production crude oil and natural gas ... All over the world are famous marble and granite, Kaliningrad amber, Ural malachite. The names of some cities even say what the land is rich in: Izumrud, Mednogorsk, Solikamsk, Boksitogorsk.

Russia has made a significant contribution to the development of world civilization. The country is led by people: in literature, art, science, sports. Great names are known all over the world A. Nevsky, M.V. Lomonosov, D.I. Mendeleev, A.S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, Yu.A. Gagarin(fig. 27-32).

Russian painting, classical music, ballet are part of the world cultural heritage... The products of the masters are also well known: Russian nesting dolls, Vologda lace, Dymkovo toys, Khokhloma painting, Gzhel dishes, Palekh painting, and many, many places in Russia where artisan hands make amazing things from different materials (Fig. 33-38).

Russia has someone and something to be proud of (Fig. 39).

Rice. 39. Citizens of Russia ()

In the next lesson, we will learn about children - heroes of the Second World War, about amazing stories of heroism and the strength of the human spirit .

Bibliography

Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. The world around us 4. - M .: Ballas.
Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The World Around 4. - M .: Publishing House "Fedorov".
A.A. Pleshakov The world around us 4. - M .: Enlightenment.

Dictionaries and encyclopedias on Academician ().
Festival of Pedagogical Ideas " Public lesson" ().
Polit-portret.ru ().

Homework

Make a short test (6 questions with three possible answers) on the topic “Borders of Russia”.
Prepare a short message about the symbols of the state of Russia.
* Using the knowledge gained in the lesson, compose a crossword puzzle on the topic "Russian Federation".

Our state is the Russian Federation Our state is called the Russian Federation. The word "federation" means that the state unites many republics, territories, regions. The largest territories are occupied by the Republic of Sakha, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Tyumen Region. Russia is separated from neighboring states by land borders... The borders are guarded by the army. The head of our state is the President, who is elected by citizens to govern the country.

Symbols of statehood All countries of the world have symbols: flag, coat of arms, anthem. Throughout the history of Russia, its symbols have changed more than once. In modern Russia, an old coat of arms has been adopted, which depicts a two-headed eagle, a symbol of the power of the state and the unity of the peoples living in it. In its center is the coat of arms of Moscow. The rider is the legendary George the Victorious, striking a serpent with a spear. It is a symbol of the victory of Good over Evil, a symbol of readiness. Russian people stand up to defend your country from enemies.

Anthem Anthem is a solemn song. The hymn glorifies the country and the people. The anthem is performed on special occasions. When it is performed, it is customary to get up. This is a sign of respect for the state whose anthem is being played. Russia is our sacred state, Russia is our beloved country. Mighty will, great glory - Your property for all time! Glory, our free Fatherland, the age-old union of fraternal peoples. Ancestors given the wisdom of the people! Glory country! We proud of you!

On the territory of Russia there are 150 million Russians of more than a hundred nationalities. These are Russians, Tatars, Kazakhs, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, Yakuts, Ossetians, Kalmyks, Buryats and many others. Therefore, our country is called multinational. Each nation has its own national traditions. Each nation has its own way of life, clothes, national dishes, songs, dances, holidays. But all together we are Russians, because we all have one homeland - Russia. All are citizens of the Russian Federation, have the same rights and live according to the same laws recorded in the main book of the country - the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The current Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted at a national referendum on December 12, 1993.

Laws of Russia All citizens of Russia must comply with the laws of the state. Constitution - main law our country. It contains the rights and obligations of citizens. Everyone has the right to free education, work and leisure, housing and health care. Responsibilities: citizens of Russia are obliged to defend the Motherland, to bear military service, take care of natural resources, preserve historical and cultural monuments.

Fundamental rights under the Constitution of the Russian Federation The right to education The right to participate in cultural life The right to freedom and personal integrity The right to favorable environment The right to work The right to rest The right to health protection The right to social Security Right to housing Right to family Right to childhood Right to qualified legal aid and etc.

To protect the rights of children international organizations the rights of the child were specifically defined. The states of the world have adopted a document stating that children have the right to special care and assistance. This document is called the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It was adopted by the UN Assembly on November 20, 1989. ten social principles concerning the protection and well-being of children are enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Essential rights child 1. The right to life, survival and development of the child. 2. The right to have your name and citizenship. 3. The right to respect for human dignity. 4. The right not to be separated from one's parents, to live with them. 5. The right to communicate with their parents, grandmothers, grandfathers, sisters, brothers. 6. The right to care and education. 7. The right to liberty and security of person. 8. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion. 9. The right to education and vocational training... 10. The right to health care.