Prevention of penitentiary crime in correctional institutions for minors. Penitentiary crime The essence and criminological characteristics of penitentiary crime

PP is a type of recidivism, which is a set of crimes committed by convicts in places of deprivation of liberty.

It has specific patterns that determine its originality and features of prevention. In particular, all PP processes:

firstly, it takes place in conditions of isolation from society;

in the second, the limitation of interpersonal communication;

in 3 persons within the framework of a special contingent of persons;

in the fourth, dependence on the state provision of convicts;

5th with an increased importance of ideological factors and education.

The number of crimes in correctional facilities ranges from 1000-2000 tons of crimes. The crime rate per 100 tons of convicts ranges from 120 to 350 crimes; the highest level was in 1993. - special coefficient of 2000 crimes.

In general, the PP is at least 5 times lower than the national one; the most common are escapes and evasion from serving sentences, they account for a third of all crimes in correctional institutions; the proportion of violent crimes is from 1/3 to half. In comparison with the 80s, the number of murders has decreased more than 5 times; occurs 20-30 cases per year (1983 - 224). The share of causing grievous bodily harm has decreased by almost 9 times, on average 50 cases per year (1983 - 481).

There is an inverse relationship between hooliganism and shoots with an increase in shoots, the amount of hooliganism decreases and vice versa.

The number of shoots in comparison with the 80s has increased by almost 7 times, therefore hooliganism has decreased by 7 times.

A significant proportion of pr-th are associated with drug addiction and drug addiction. In modern times, they are registered up to 10%, in 1997. - 25%.

For correctional institutions, it is not typical to commit some types of intentional pr-nd, as well as careless pr-nd and commit theft.

PP is characterized by a high level of latency.

The goal of most of the others in correctional institutions is to gain credibility with convicts, or to maintain or ensure their prestigious position. Most often it is realized in violent crimes. For convicts newly committed a crime, a negative attitude towards compliance with the regime, towards work, towards education, and the perception of educational impact is characteristic.

The overwhelming majority of such persons are convicts of mature age, as a rule, previously convicted, they are also characterized by emotional instability, psychopathic manifestations.

43. Causes and conditions of penitentiary crime.

1. Disadvantages of criminal and penal policy

a) incorrect, unreasonable use of types of exemption from punishment entailing concentration in rev. institutions of persons with an antisocial orientation.

b) the lack of proper differentiation of convicts when serving sentences.

c) a superficial approach in determining the regime and conditions of serving for various categories of convicts.

2. Disadvantages of educational work and ideological influence

a) the formalism of educational activities

b) elimination of the public from the educational process

c) primitivism in stimulating law-abiding behavior

d) the use of non-pedagogical techniques, order, bias

3. Technical disadvantages

a) imperfection of security, signaling, escort

b) lack of a round-the-clock surveillance system, equipment for inspections and searches

4. Organizational and managerial:

a) low discipline in I.U.

b) lack of proper information about the processes in the collective of convicts

c) a significant excess of the actual contingent of convicts over the established limit

d) understaffing of I.U. personnel. highly qualified personnel, unprofessional attitude to the selection and placement of personnel

5. Corruption and criminal abuse of the IU administration:

a) theft of state. funds for the provision of convicts

b) misappropriation of products produced by convicts

c) non-interference when convicts commit illegal, incl. criminal acts

d) ensuring penetration into the territory of I.U. drugs, alcoholic beverages, weapons and even strangers

6. Stability of the criminal subculture in IU, support of criminal leaders of convicts from outside.

Penitentiary crime- This is crime in penitentiary institutions, places of deprivation of liberty.

According to the 1989 census of convicts, imprisonment in almost every second case was served for committing violent crimes, in every third - mercenary, in every tenth - selfish and violent (robberies, robberies) and in every thirty-third case - careless crimes. Therefore, in the execution of imprisonment, one can expect the commission of, first of all, repeated violent crimes, at least up to half of all crimes. This is how it actually happens.

According to the 1994 control census of convicts, the picture changes somewhat. So, in 1994, in all correctional labor institutions, a little more than one third of convicts (38%) were serving sentences for violent crimes, which immediately affected the structure of crime in correctional institutions: the number of serious violent crimes decreased. For example, the number of murders in 1994 compared to 1989 was 2.7 times less, and that of grievous bodily harm - 2.3 times.

41% of convicts served imprisonment for mercenary crimes, which is 7.7% more than in 1989. In the structure of all penitentiary crime, the proportion of mercenary crimes, respectively, also increased significantly. For mercenary and violent crimes, 17% served their sentences in 1994, which is 5% more than in 1989, and for careless ones - 1.3%, which is almost 3 times less. Such changes also reflected new trends in all crime, with extortion and banditry becoming more common.

The specifics of determination and causality

There are features of the determination of penitentiary crime by society. In addition, the processes that produce crime in the ITU are highlighted. Among them are the general causes and conditions of criminal behavior in places of deprivation of liberty, as well as the reasons and conditions acting at the level of the social environment of the individual.

If causality is considered as the interaction of the social environment (external factor) and personality (internal factor), then it should be noted that the latter factor is of particular importance in this interaction for understanding the genesis of criminal behavior in places of confinement.

First of all, attention is drawn to the motivation of criminal behavior. This is primarily the motivation for maintaining prestige and gaining authority among convicts, which in some cases turns into violent, selfish, etc. motivation of the type of criminal behavior.

Of primary importance in places of imprisonment and in the execution of other types of criminal punishments is the desire to evade their execution.

In addition, the motivation for the desire to win leadership is highlighted, manifested in the desire to demonstrate strength, to impose one's will on others, using, first of all, one's organizational skills (it can lead to the commission of violent crimes, hooliganism, organizing group excesses, etc.).

In the value orientation that leads to the commission of crimes in correctional institutions, a special specificity is related to a number of values:

• negative attitude towards the observance of the regime (about 2/3 of the violators of the regime brought to criminal responsibility, and most of them are malicious);
• a negative attitude towards work, expressed either in an open refusal to work, or in a hidden one, when the convict goes to work, but actually does nothing (for example, 69.6% of those convicted of murder had a dishonest attitude to work). This is due to the forced labor "in places of deprivation of liberty, with the lack of creativity in its content, etc." ""
• a negative attitude towards general education and vocational training, since these values ​​are primarily associated with freedom, and the unreality of obtaining it in the near future leads to a devaluation of studies (Khokhryakov G.F.), and also because studies are perceived as forced;
• rejection of any forms of educational work, associated primarily with their formal and inept performance. Any educator, and even more so in a correctional institution, must have oratory;
• loyal attitude towards convicts who commit crimes again in places of deprivation of liberty, if this type of criminal behavior corresponds to the customs and traditions of the criminal environment;
• acceptance and observance of the criminal subculture.

The motivation process is based on needs. For criminals in places of deprivation of liberty, their satisfaction often takes on a perverse character. And under conditions of imprisonment, a person continues to have a need for sexual intercourse, but since its satisfaction is limited by the conditions of isolation, the same-sex composition of convicts, the provision of a certain number of long-term visits, then on the basis of a negative value-orientation orientation, extreme primitivism, cynicism and lack of spirituality of a convict, this natural sexual need can be transformed into an abnormal one and "lead to the commission of a number of sexual excesses in a correctional institution.

In places of deprivation of liberty, the attitude of convicts to such values ​​as freedom, justice, punishment, norms of criminal law, etc., is also of great importance.

Peculiarities of the psychophysiological and psychological nature of convicts who again commit crimes in correctional institutions affect: a) the rate of occurrence of criminogenic motivation; b) on the adequacy of the perception of the situation, of oneself; c) on the adequacy of the response to the situation.

Most often they contribute to the commission of crimes by convicts in isolation:

1. The presence in a significant number of convicts of certain neurotic deviations (mostly hysteria, neuroses) and mental abnormalities (these are mental illnesses, and certain psychopathies in minors held in the VTC, character accentuations, etc.). According to various sources, 8-10% of those convicted of crimes committed in correctional institutions have mental abnormalities. These deviations make it difficult for the convicted person to fully realize the significance of their actions, to direct them, and often, for this reason, they contribute to the commission of crimes by them. For example, A.Ya. Markov and A.N. Volobuev in 1982 established the presence of psychopathic abnormalities in all persons who escaped.

2. Approximately half of all those involved "for crimes committed in correctional labor institutions are persons under the age of 25, who already have a certain life experience, formed negative value orientations, the presence of two or three convictions, etc., but at the same time still retain elements infantilism, contradictions and duality of the psyche, reflected in the nature of the crimes they commit.

3. In most cases, convicts have a low educational level (murderers, for example, grades 5-7 on average) and, accordingly, a primitive structure of needs. Their inadequate intellectual development, their inability to think abstractly, established, for example, as a result of criminological research in all persons who escaped and murdered in penitentiary institutions, affect the predominance of their emotive motives, that is, first of all, emotions. When committing violent crimes (and there are at least one third of them in correctional labor institutions), the negative emotional attitude towards the victim, which has developed over a rather long time, predominates in motivation, narrowing the possibilities of consciousness to the limit. "

4. Emotional instability, lack of restraint of the person, limited opportunities for self-government in extreme conditions, the predominance of excitement, over inhibition, emotions over the mind are characteristic of the majority of convicts committing crimes in correctional institutions. "

5. Conformity, dependence on other convicts, due to a limited social circle, the inability of a person to change this environment at will in the event of conflicts, etc., nevertheless causes a subconsciously natural desire to break out of the vicious circle and, as a result, escapes and other manifestations of evasion from punishment.

6. Introversion of convicts, that is, immersion in their thoughts, in their "I". Hence the tendency to introspection, lack of communication, pessimism, secrecy, and other properties that, in the absence of prolonged detente, can be resolved in an emotional outburst - in hooliganism, violence, escape, or simply in malicious violation of the regime.

7. Increased anxiety, expressed in fears, caution, striving for minimalism in contacts, in constant immersion in thought. This ultimately causes neurotic or mental illness:

if he does not find his detente, including by committing a crime, especially associated with physical activity, that is, most often with violence, sexual excesses.

8. Increased conceit, stubbornness, and among especially dangerous "criminals in a colony or prison - increased self-control, which, along with organizational skills, contribute to the formation of leadership, organization and the commission of carefully prepared, as a rule, serious crimes in isolation, and therefore difficult to disclose.

In addition, various mental states play a special role, both specific for convicts (melancholy, despondency, depression, etc.) and general, typical, for example, stressful, frustrating, affective, as well as a state of intoxication, etc., for a short time. flowing, manifested immediately at the time of the commission of a crime, usually intensifying the manifestation of relatively stable properties.

The social environment of the convicts also deserves careful study. In particular, the long-term state of conflict relations, at least between the two parties. This conflict makes itself felt not only when committing violent crimes connected in one way or another with causing physical harm to persons, but also mercenary ones, when making escapes, etc.

A conflict is usually understood as a one-time clash between subjects in the form of a quarrel, fight, scandal, etc.

A conflict-related crime situation in places of deprivation of liberty should be understood as a relatively long-term, tense state of aggravated relations between the subjects. It is expressed in an increase in the severity of recurring and finally, one-act unresolved conflicts and in the formation of a negative emotional attitude towards other persons.

The structure of any crime situation is usually formed by subjects, objects, content, methods, stages.

The subjects of this conflict criminogenic situation are most often the opposing sides of the interaction:

a) on the one hand, a group of convicts, and on the other, the administration of the correctional facility, and on the third, another group of convicts hostile to it, i.e. different kinds intergroup situations;

b) on both sides, one convict, that is, dyadic interpersonal situations. This should also include a conflict situation between a convict, on the one hand, and an ITU employee, on the other;

c) on the one hand, the convict, and on the other, their group.

The most dangerous for the activity of correctional institutions are such intergroup conflict criminogenic situations, which lead to mass excesses with the participation of a large number of convicts. By the way, it can also be excesses between warring groups of convicts.

The object of the conflict is any value, due to which one-time conflicts generally occur, problems, stresses, etc. arise (common objects) around which the tension of relations is concentrated, the problem becomes more complicated, stress aggravates, etc. (concentrating objects) and because of which the crime is ultimately committed (limiting objects).

The objects of conflict criminogenic situations in places of deprivation of liberty, moreover, are concentrated, are most often:

a) in intergroup situations: abuse and misconduct on the part of employees and activists-convicts, the rights of convicts, etc .;

b) in dyadic interpersonal situations among convicts: a loss in a gambling game and the need to pay a debt, coercion into a homosexual act, the use of offensive language against each other, etc.

The content of a conflict-related crime situation in a penal institution consists, on the one hand, in the emergence and maintenance of tensions between the subjects, and on the other, in a steady aggravation of relations between the subjects, which can proceed either abruptly, when relations between them only escalate without any improvement, or cyclically. when the contact between them sometimes improves, the relationship "warms up", then it deteriorates again, the relationship becomes aggravated and with each meeting it becomes worse. Let us consider the periodization of the development of relations between subjects in the question of stages.

The methods of this situation are ways, means of influencing each other, aimed at managing relations on the part of each of the subjects in relation to each other. According to the nature, direction of impact, the methods can be divided into:

• actively negative, for example, verbal aggression (threats, insult, slander, etc.) or physical (torture, torment, torture, etc.), blackmail, bribe, etc. from one of the subjects;
• actively positive, for example, seeking help from the administration, resisting aggression (necessary defense), confessing, etc .;
• passive, i.e. inactivity, indifference to the development of conflict relations on the part of the subjects, convicts or the administration, when no action is taken on the part of one of the subjects, and this usually leads to an aggravation of the situation.

The stages of a conflict criminogenic situation are expressed:

1. in the occurrence of a pre-criminogenic situation, for example, problematic, stressful, conflict;
2. in the development of a pre-criminogenic situation into a criminogenic one due to the gradual aggravation of relations between the subjects;
3. in the outcome of a conflict criminogenic situation in the commission of a crime in a correctional facility.

At the same time, as a result of research (A. V. Usse), it was found that conflict criminogenic situations formed by two or more conflicts in correctional institutions account for 67% of all cases of crime. In this case, the second stage of the situation until its completion in a crime in 3% cases lasts up to an hour, in 8% - up to 1 day, in 14% - up to 10 days, in 9% - from 10 to 30 days, but in 27% - up to 6 months, and in 6% - over 6 months. Thus, a conflict criminogenic situation in more than half of the cases lasts more than 10 days, that is, it has a relatively long-term nature, which allows one to positively fit into the course of its development.

All this is due to the peculiarities of the social environment of the individual, the social environment in places of deprivation of liberty. Here, attention is drawn to the various shortcomings of the activity of the ITU.

The issue of external conditions has been most fully investigated in the criminological literature and is reflected in almost any order, review, certificate and other regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the prosecutor's office, relating in one way or another to the activities of correctional institutions, the fight against recidivism.

Here, first of all, technical and organizational and managerial conditions should be highlighted:

1. Technical conditions consist in the technical imperfection of the security and alarm signaling, engineering equipment, anti-throw devices, a system for round-the-clock monitoring of convicts, in the absence of appropriate equipment for checking the contents of parcels and parcels, inspecting cars, conducting both personal searches and relevant searches and examinations. in the residential and industrial zones of places of deprivation of liberty, etc.
2. Organizational and managerial weaknesses:

   a) a significant excess of the actual contingent of convicts over the saturation limit of some colonies, which leads to underemployment, to difficulties in their everyday life, to the impossibility of covering all convicts with educational and other work to correct and re-educate them;

   b) lack of staffing of some parts and services of the ITU with highly qualified personnel (including operational, security, operational duty officers, chiefs of detachments, etc.), as well as omissions in the selection, placement, professional development of personnel, "their professional skills;

   c) low executive discipline of individual employees, including "heads of units, services, colonies, departments and departments for the execution of criminal punishments in terms of organizing control over the execution of orders, instructions, directives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation concerning security, improving operational-search and preventive work ;

   d) the lack of constant and high-quality information from the administration about negative phenomena and processes occurring in the environment of convicts, and most importantly, about conflict situations of crime or incompleteness of this information, as well as its inadequate accounting and especially assessment, stemming mainly from ignorance officials indicators of the criminalization of situations, the measures required to be taken in typical situations at the moment, and from the shortcomings of the organization of work to ensure security and operational work;

   e) failure to take timely measures to identify leaders among the negative part of convicts, authorities of the underworld, thieves in law, warring groups and to decompose them from within in order to prevent group and mass excesses, violent crimes, etc.

In addition, in the criminological literature (V.A.Eleonsky, Yu.I. Lukhtin), external conditions are divided, depending on the immediate tasks of the ITU units and services, the object of their activity, into two more groups:

1. Conditions that create a physical opportunity for the commission of crimes in places * of deprivation of liberty, which consist mainly of shortcomings in the protection and supervision of convicts both in the residential and industrial zones, which is manifested in the commission of a number of violations of the regime, leading ultimately to criminal behavior (various types of handling prohibited substances and objects, especially the penetration of drugs, alcohol, piercing and cutting objects, weapons, and in addition, drunkenness, playing cards and other gambling, establishing illegal relations with civilian employees, administration, etc. .). This group of conditions stems mainly from omissions in the activities of the security service, the operational unit, the security service of colonies and prisons.

2. Conditions resulting from the shortcomings of the process of correcting and re-educating convicts, that is, to eradicate their criminogenic motivations (perverse needs, negative value orientations, negative emotional attitudes, etc.), which led them at one time to commit crimes and convictions to punishment in the form of imprisonment, that is, such circumstances that are associated primarily with intended purpose colonies and prisons. In turn, this group of conditions is a consequence of the shortcomings in the activities of departments for educational work.

Features of the prevention of penitentiary crime

Prevention or prevention is understood not only as an activity aimed at identifying and eliminating (or neutralizing) the negative aspects that determine penitentiary crime, but also at compensating them, replacing them with circumstances that determine normal, lawful behavior.

Therefore, the methods of microenvironmental (general) crime prevention in ITU can be divided into: a) methods of detection; b) methods of eliminating and compensating for the causes and conditions of crimes.

A) Methods for identifying the external conditions of crimes in correctional institutions are:

1. verification of the activities of various departments of the ITU by higher and control and supervisory departments for services (operational, security, educational, industrial, medical and others), as well as supervision by the prosecutor's office, various inspections and inventories, etc .;
2. criminological research and identification:

   a) criminal zones in correctional institutions, where most often and at certain periods of time, crimes and malicious offenses are committed;

   b) the most typical and serious and at the same time specific to each ITU shortcomings in various areas of their activities (again - operational, security, educational, industrial, household, medical, leisure, etc.), which most often contribute to the development conflict situations in criminogenic and direct commission of crimes there;

   c) technical imperfections in supervision, protection, education, labor, everyday life, leisure and other aspects of the life of convicts;

   d) quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of convicts;

   e) the criminal subculture of convicts, its features in each colony and prison;

   f) staff gaps in terms of professional selection, training and retraining, advanced training, etc .;

3. operational methods of activity, which can also be aimed at identifying criminal zones, groups of convicts with their leaders, authorities, thieves in law, etc .;
4. exit to the place, raids throughout the territory of the correctional facility.

The techniques by which identification is carried out are usually various research methods:

document analysis and observation, certain types of surveys (interviews, conversation, questionnaires), experiment, testing, sociometric measurements, etc.

B) Methods for eliminating, neutralizing or compensating for the external conditions of crimes in a correctional facility are:

1. constructive technological development of fundamentally new means of computer collection, processing, use of information "about specific" correctional institutions in the areas of their activities, means of protection and supervision of convicts, in particular about the possibilities and means of widespread round-the-clock observation of convicts or only in criminal zones, technical means checking parcels, parcels, letters, inspection of cars, searches and examinations of convicts, etc .;
2. staffing of ITU with highly qualified personnel, their selection, placement, advanced training;
3. complex preventive operations in correctional institutions, associated with the mobilization of all units, forces and means of the colony, management, the attraction of forces from other colonies to solve pressing issues, for example, to suppress a group hunger strike and strike in order to prevent mass criminal behavior; to block the channels of penetration of prohibited substances, etc.;
4. organization of operational exchange of information between various departments of the correctional institution about groups, leaders, crime situations, indicators of their criminalization, registration of subjects of the situation;
5. preventing the actual contingent of convicts from exceeding the saturation limit of some colonies due to the redistribution of convicts between the colonies, expanding existing and building new, modern correctional facilities;
6. increasing discipline among the staff of the ITU due to the correct disciplinary practice, the organization of control, high salary, maximum and minimum salary limits, career advancement, incentives and penalties, up to and including dismissal and criminal prosecution of criminals.

Group crime prevention is a directed self-hypnosis in specially created or spontaneously formed groups of people in order to manage the development of a crime situation.

The relevance of group crime prevention in correctional institutions is determined by the following:

1. since the penal correction facility is a concentration of a huge mass of criminals, which in itself is a criminogenic situation, which cannot but give rise to crimes in the correctional facility;
2. in addition, as it is already known, conflict criminogenic situations that give rise to violent criminal behavior, and evasion of punishment, and selfish criminal behavior most often operate in correctional institutions;
3. at the same time, a managerial criminogenic situation is widespread in correctional institutions, and an extreme criminogenic situation is also encountered, giving rise to mercenary and technical reckless crimes.

There is a victim-crime situation.

Therefore, the organization of group crime prevention in correctional institutions is very necessary ..

The structure of group crime prevention can be represented as follows: subjects, objects, areas of activity, methods and techniques.

Psychologists should act as the leading subjects of group crime prevention in correctional institutions. It is on them that the concentration of efforts of various specialists depends on working with groups - psychiatrists, sex therapists, psychotherapists and other narrow specialists.

All types of group prevention of criminal behavior can be applied in ITU:

• interpersonal or intragroup - work with a group of people between whom a crime situation has developed;
• intergroup as directed mutual influence of groups of people with the same type of crime situations;
• collective - this is directed self-education through a cohesive, pedagogically expedient team specially created for these purposes, requiring long-term many years of work;
• massive - this is a continuous impact on all convicts.

The commune (colony), created in due time by A.S. Makarenko, implemented in our country in the Vologda experiment (I.P. Zaitsev, V.F. Klyukin and other students of A.S. Makarenko), as well as in Sweden, in some states of the USA and other countries.

The idea of ​​intragroup prevention of crimes of minors and women was implemented by A.S. Novoselova (groups of 10-15 people) in the pedagogical auto-training program, including the mass version.

Now a large-scale experiment is being carried out on these programs in the country. Directed suggestion and self-hypnosis, education and self-education, psychohygiene and psychoprophylaxis are used. The program has undergone many revisions, has existed for more than 10 years.

During the execution of imprisonment, various directions of group prevention can be applied (education, treatment, regulation of tension, professional development, etc.), as well as a wide variety of methods - and group psychotherapy, sociohygiene and psychohygiene, joint exercises, sermons, etc. " using various techniques: psychodrama and sociodrama, joint participation in creative activities, role-playing and sports games, group exercises, hypnosis, auto-training, yoga, etc. The more varied, the better.

The development of new specific methods of group crime prevention, in addition to those already used in our country and abroad, is extremely necessary.

Since the conflict criminogenic situation is the most relevant in ITU, we will consider the methods of its identification, prevention, and resolution developed in the literature.

Methods for identifying conflict criminogenic situations: criminological and psychological research in correctional institutions;

operational methods of detection; going out to the site, bypassing residential and industrial zones, raids and other methods.

In this case (A.D. Safronov), special attention should be paid to:

a) previously warring relatives or friends of warring ones;
b) inclined to engage in prohibited activities (gambling, prohibited connections), etc .;
c) prone to drinking alcohol, surrogates, drugs;
d) those with increased aggressiveness, for example, hysterical and excitable psychopaths;
e) despised by the bulk of convicts who compromised themselves (passive homosexuals, rats, that is, those who steal from their own people, etc.);

f) persons suffering from dementia, extremely dependent, conformal, devoid of psychological activity, easily becoming dependent on others, for example, inhibited psychopaths.

Methods for preventing conflict situations (A.V. Use):

1. Formation of the skills of correct relationships and communication among convicts.

2. Creation of various councils of brigades, foremen, crime prevention, etc., which should moderate individual activists.

3. Control over the activities of the asset by the administration and the convicts themselves.

4. Further differentiation of convicts, in particular, according to the types of motivation - aggressive and selfish.

5. Study of newly arrived convicts in quarantine and their distribution to detachments and brigades.

6. Decomposition of negative groups of convicts, both unstable and stable. The unstable are decomposed by debunking the leader, authority; the redistribution of convicts both inside the colony and in other institutions, as well as the use of other methods. Stable groupings can be disintegrated by concentrating with the maximum concentration of various thieves in law, authorities, leaders in one colony, in a cell-type room, in a prison, for example, the so-called "White Swan"; their constant transfer, change of places of serving sentences.

7. Organization of operational games with groups of convicts with the aim of managing them, solving a number of problems in the colony, and so on.

8. Support, development and use of existing groups of positively oriented convicts, "families".

9. Creation of "regime" detachments and brigades of colonies from persistent violators.

10. Social engineering:

a) dissection of a small group that creates a hotbed of tension;
b) vaccination - the introduction of a convict into the group, capable of preventing possible disagreements between its members;
c) uniting two opposing groups by setting a common goal, for the achievement of which interaction is necessary.

11. Creation of a situation in which unauthorized persons could display qualities that contribute to the formation of respect for them.

Methods for resolving conflict criminogenic situations by introducing as a subject (A.V. Use):

1. reorientation of the subjects of the situation by informing about the actual state of affairs, conversation with the subjects of the situation;
2. containment of the subjects of the situation under the threat of coercion to both;
3. separation of the subjects of the situation - restriction or deprivation of the possibility of communication by: a) transferring to remote workplaces and sleeping places in another link, brigade, detachment; b) isolation in a punishment cell or cell-type room; c) transfer to another ITU.

Consider the methods of individual crime prevention in correctional institutions, which can be divided into methods of studying convicts; identifying deviating from certain norms of behavior, accounting, control and impact on them, accepted in the ITU.

A) Methods of studying convicts are various research techniques that have a certain specificity of application: a) analysis of documents - criminal and personal files, correspondence; b) interrogation of persons who know the convict well; c) observation of the surrounding microenvironment, the grouping to which he belongs; d) testing; e) experiment; f) conversation with other convicts, etc.

B) Methods for identifying "deviant" convicts can be subdivided into: a) operational; b) study of the surrounding microenvironment; c) methods of criminal psychological research, etc.

They are aimed at identifying, registering, monitoring the behavior of convicts: prone to escapes and other evasions; those who committed crimes in the correctional facility; systematically or maliciously violating the sentence serving regime; subject to administrative supervision; having mental abnormalities; prone to the consumption of alcohol, drugs, toxic substances; inclined to gambling; not engaged in labor before conviction; who did not have a permanent place of residence; transferred to ITC from VTK; showing an aggressive stereotype of behavior towards the administration of correctional institutions and other convicts; homosexuals, etc.

C) Methods of accounting for convicts deviating from the norms:

1. Card file - a systematized collection of cards with information on deviant convicts, including surname distribution and grouping by type of deviation, etc.

2. Computer accounting, consisting in the collection of all information on deviant convicts, starting with the family, immediate environment, places of work, connections, places of execution of sentences, adding the plot of all crimes committed, the results medical examinations, test trials, disciplinary, administrative and other offenses with their plot, other research data.

3. Perforation with punched tapes and punched cards, that is, a system of holes on a tape or sheet of cardboard, the location of which corresponds to the code of the recorded information for operational use, input into a computer, etc.

D) Common methods of control over registered convicts: 1) Control using operational techniques. 2) Monographic, longitudinal, repeated examination over a long period of time using the same methods. 3) Inspection, search, review of correspondence, check of parcels and parcels, wiretapping of convicts' telephone conversations. 4) Conversation, questioning of other convicts, employees, interviews, etc.

E) Methods of preventive influence on convicts are very diverse, and it is necessary to clearly distinguish between methods of strengthening external control (complex preventive operations, the introduction of modern achievements of special equipment, etc.) and methods of changing personal characteristics (directed self-education, audio-video recording of an individual reception of a convict with the issuance of a cassette for work above oneself, etc.) Methods for optimizing various relationships, interactions in places of deprivation of liberty (group psychotherapy, distribution of convicts in detachments, etc.) are also highlighted.

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

federal state budgetary educational institution of higher professional education

"Transbaikal State University"

(FGBOU VPO "ZabGU")

Test

by discipline: "Criminology"

on the topic: "Penitentiary crime, its prevention"

Completed: st-t gr. SE-12-7

Babutsynguev A.B.

Introduction

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Prison crime is a complex and serious problem not only for correctional institutions, but for society as a whole. Committing convicted of crimes in the process of serving a sentence indicates the presence of serious shortcomings and contradictions arising in the execution of imprisonment.

The term "penitentiary" (from Lat. Poenitentiarus - rest, repentance, correction) means those related to the execution of punishment, corrective labor influence on persons who have committed a criminal offense. This term became widespread at the end of the 18th century, when the religious sect of American Quakers established a penitentiary prison in Pennsylvania at the expense of parishioners, where, in their opinion, criminals in isolation from the outside world, being alone with their conscience and religion, could reform and return to the bosom of God. As for the criminal behavior of those sentenced to other types of punishment, it is covered by the concept of “punitive crime” (the so-called penalty criminal behavior). At the same time, punitive crime can be distinguished from all repeated ones. Traditionally referred to as recidivism and post-punishment crime. In addition, it seems inappropriate to include in the concept of criminality in places of deprivation of liberty the cases of the commission of crimes by the accused, in respect of whom the preventive measure in the form of detention has been applied, who are in pre-trial detention centers, which are places of forced isolation from society. Imprisonment is a punishment imposed by a court on a person found guilty of a crime, i.e. convicted, which the accused is not.

1. The concept and general characteristics of penitentiary crimes

Crime in Russia is characterized by constant growth in almost all spheres of life, with the exception of places of deprivation of liberty. This circumstance dictates the need for a special analysis. Crime in prisons can be divided into two unequal and dissimilar parts:

a) a crime committed by arrested and convicted persons (this is violent, theft, illegal drug trafficking, escape from places of detention and attempted murder, hooliganism, violent sexual acts);

b) a crime committed by representatives of the administration of these places.

If we take all the places of deprivation of liberty, then in recent years, those deprived of liberty have committed a little more than a thousand crimes. All these institutions contain over 1 million people.

Noting the low level of crime in prisons and the peculiarities of the decrease in the number of violent crimes, it is necessary to name the reasons for such a positive dynamics, especially since from all social spheres of our society, such dynamics is observed only there. First of all, attention is drawn to the fact that the decline in penitentiary crime begins in 1991, i.e. since the time when democratic changes took place in our country. With regard to places of deprivation of liberty, this was expressed in the fact that far-fetched restrictions and many conditions of serving sentences that were degrading to the dignity of persons deprived of liberty were abolished by law. Control over the activities of correctional institutions by the state and society has increased. The tension in relations between those deprived of their liberty and the administration has significantly eased, although these relations, unfortunately, have not yet reached the level of cooperation and proper mutual understanding. Tension also decreased in relations between the criminals themselves arrested, they became less alarming, the number of inter-group conflicts significantly decreased. Along with this, the efficiency of operational-search activities has increased, which made it possible to better prevent dangerous crimes in places of deprivation of liberty.

All these factors have led to the fact that the penitentiary sphere began to kill less, cause bodily harm, enter into open conflict with the administration, to make escapes. At the same time, it is wrong to say that the decrease in crime rates in places of deprivation of liberty is due to the fact that now a lot of crimes are hiding from registration. The fact is that, as practice shows, concealment from accounting in the past was even more widespread than it is now.

In places of imprisonment in Russia, the overwhelming majority of violent crimes are committed in correctional institutions of general and strict regimes, less in prisons. When analyzing the state of law and order in places of deprivation of liberty, it is necessary to pay attention not only to criminal violence, but to violent actions that are not recorded as criminal. A very high latency of crime in places of deprivation of liberty is associated with shortcomings in the system of evaluating the performance indicators of executive institutions, when the more crimes are registered, the lower the performance is assessed.

A specific high-latency prison crime is violent homosexuality. Persons who are exposed to this, as well as those who voluntarily engage in homosexual relationships, as a rule, are mentally retarded, seen in double-dealing, stealing things or food from other convicts, simply weak in character and physically unable to withstand threats or violence, form a severe an isolated group of “rejected,” or the so-called neglected, also includes persons who have committed sexual crimes against children and adolescents, murdered them, inflicted bodily harm on them, assisted law enforcement agencies or have relatives in these bodies. Themselves "rejected" because of their personal characteristics and their status are not able to improve their position without the help of the administration.

A special group of crimes are those that are committed by employees of places of deprivation of liberty (abuse of office, excess official powers, negligence, bribe-taking, official forgery).

We can confidently assume that there are much more crimes of this kind, but for various reasons (due to a false understanding of the prestige of the department, the secret nature of criminal actions, etc.), they are not reflected in the departmental and then general criminal statistics. Many correctional institutions are located far from large cities, their employees represent a closed and isolated community in which everyone knows everything about each other, in critical or near-critical periods they can show quite understandable human solidarity and not “betray” those who commit crimes using their official position. On the other hand, the remoteness and isolation of some correctional institutions makes it difficult to monitor their activities by the prosecutor's office and public organizations.

The convicts and their relatives, as people who are very dependent on the administration of places of detention, very rarely complain about the harassment, extortion and bribery of its representatives. In addition, many of them hope for early release, or they hope for early release or other benefits and indulgences, or there is no point in spoiling relations with the prison authorities.

2. Prevention of crime in places of deprivation of liberty

Prevention is understood not only as activities aimed at identifying and eliminating negative aspects that determine penitentiary crime, but also at compensating them, replacing them with circumstances that determine lawful behavior.

Crime prevention in places of deprivation of liberty is part of a society-wide prevention effort to combat criminal manifestations and, above all, violent crime. The higher the level of violence in the country, the more cruelty is present in conflicts between individuals and social groups, the higher and more dangerous this level in correctional institutions. Therefore, we can say that the solution of acute social problems and contradictions, including interethnic ones, an increase in the effectiveness of education and the introduction of the ideology of non-violence, along with an increase in the material well-being of people, is the basis on which the work to prevent violence, wherever it takes place, should be based. It is unnecessary to argue that successful prevention of violence among convicts will have the most beneficial effect on the recurrence of the corresponding type of crime.

Among the preventive measures that are carried out directly in correctional colonies, first of all, let us consider those related to the style of unit management. Their bosses should avoid arbitrary decision-making, develop clear criteria for assessing individual and group behavior and responses to misconduct, not emphasize the use of punishment and not allow compromise by delegating advantages to members of some groups as opposed to convicted ones from others.

To create, as far as possible, the same conditions for convicts of different status in all spheres of life. The convicts must believe in the justice of the administration, and this is what will reduce the influence of informal authorities who assert all power through violence, the administration must assume the function of protecting justice, which is so necessary in places of deprivation of liberty.

Prevention of violence among convicts, violence as a punitive feature of their way of life, one cannot but dwell on the preventive role of religion. Indeed, the church and religion, with their postulates of non-violence, mercy, compassion and forgiveness, can do a lot to soften prison mores, form a fundamentally different attitude towards aggression as a way to resolve conflicts in life, show ways to remove them, help criminals treat each other with more kindness and understanding. Priests can do this in their sermons, in conversations with individual condemned people, using such a very effective form as confession, which should lead to repentance, as a means of cleansing the soul. Priests could take part in resolving specific conflicts, both between convicted criminals and between them and the administration, for example, during riots and hostage-taking. Now in the life of the whole society and in places of deprivation of liberty, in particular, there is a period when the old spiritual and moral guidelines and values ​​have lost their former strength, and the new ones have not yet gained it. Therefore, a kind of vacuum has formed, which is one of the most serious factors giving rise to violence in the country. Religion can fill this vacuum, but only partially, since we know how many bloody crimes were committed in the name of religion and God (religion - anyone, God - anyone). It must also be remembered that in all past centuries, almost the entire population was believers, although a considerable part of them only observed church rituals and external prescriptions, conforming to traditions and customs, following the upbringing they received.

However, violence continues to be a typical feature of penitentiary (correctional) institutions. Therefore, one should not pin excessive hopes on religion and the church, either in the fight against crime in general, or in the prevention of violence in places of deprivation of liberty. Religion is a very important means of forming, strengthening and developing morality, important, but not the only one. An unbeliever can also be a decent person.

3. Methods of preventing crimes in places of deprivation of liberty

The main thing in the fight against crime in places of deprivation of liberty is the implementation of a system of interconnected scientifically based measures of an educational and compulsory nature in order to eliminate the causes of crime and create conditions that exclude them. Knowledge of the reasons and conditions conducive to the commission of crimes, the regularities of the mechanism of individual criminal behavior allows you to correctly determine the system of measures and approaches to their prevention in prison.

Methods of crime prevention in penitentiary institutions can be divided into methods of detecting and methods of eliminating and compensating for the causes and conditions of crimes.

Methods for identifying the circumstances that determine penitentiary crime:

1) verification of the activities of various divisions by higher and control and supervisory departments for services (security service, operational, educational, industrial, medical, etc.), as well as supervision by the prosecutor's office, various inspections, inventories, etc.;

2) criminological research and identification of criminal zones, technical imperfections in supervision, protection, education, labor, etc.

3) operational methods of activity, which can also be aimed at identifying criminal zones, groups of convicts with their leaders, "authorities", "thieves in law", etc .;

4) exit to the site, raids throughout the territory of the penitentiary.

Group crime prevention is a directed suggestion in specially created or spontaneously formed groups of people in order to manage the development of a crime situation. The relevance of group crime prevention in penitentiary institutions is determined by the following circumstances:

The concentration of a huge mass of criminals, which in itself creates a criminogenic situation, which cannot but give rise to crime;

The action of mainly conflicting criminal situations, giving rise to violent criminal behavior, and evasion of punishment, and selfish criminal behavior;

The spread of a managerial crime situation, as well as an extreme crime situation, which give rise to mercenary and technical reckless crimes.

Methods for preventing conflict situations in places of deprivation of liberty:

1) the formation of the skills of correct relationships and communication in convicts;

2) the creation of various councils of brigades;

3) control over the activities of the asset by the administration and the convicts themselves;

4) further differentiation of convicts, in particular, according to the types of motivation - aggressive, selfish, abnormally sexual, careless;

5) study of newly arrived convicts in quarantine and their distribution to detachments and brigades;

6) the decomposition of negative groups of convicts, both unstable and stable. The unstable are decomposed by debunking the leader, authority; the redistribution of convicts both within the colony and in other institutions; as well as the use of other techniques. Stable groupings can be decomposed by concentrating with the maximum concentration of various "thieves in law", "authorities", leaders in one colony, a cell-type room, in a prison, constantly transferring them, changing places of serving sentences;

7) organization of operational games with groups of convicts with the aim of managing them, solving a number of problems of the colony, etc .;

8) support, development and use of existing groups of convicts with a positive orientation, "families";

9) the creation of "security" detachments and brigades of colonies from the worst offenders;

10) social engineering: "dissection" of a small group that creates a hotbed of tension; "vaccination" - the introduction of a convict into the group, capable of preventing possible disagreements between its members; uniting two opposing groups by setting a common goal, for the achievement of which interaction is necessary;

11) creating a situation in which persons who did not enjoy authority could show qualities that contribute to the formation of a respectful attitude towards them.

The considered main directions of improving the activities of penitentiary institutions for the prevention of crimes allow us to draw the following conclusion: the prevention of penitentiary crime is an integral social process, consisting in the implementation of activities of various scales and directions, carried out by all departments and services of these institutions. The content of this process is measures to improve the activity of correctional institutions for the correction of convicts.

Conclusion

Penitentiary crime is a special type of such social and legal phenomenon as crime. The prerequisites for this statement are the identified and identified its specific features. First of all, this is the subjective composition of penitentiary crime, represented by persons serving criminal penalty in the form of imprisonment and who committed a penitentiary relapse on the territory of the penitentiary, coming into conflict with the administration of the penitentiary or with other convicts. Penitentiary crime is distinguished by specific quantitative and qualitative parameters.

Criminality in places of deprivation of liberty should be considered as a constituent part of criminality as a whole, with its inherent quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Crimes committed in correctional institutions have an increased degree of social danger, since they harm the entire range of measures to correct convicts, endanger the life and health of many people. In addition, violations of the regime of serving a sentence in conditions of isolation from society cause significant harm to the normal operation of institutions of the penal system. The qualitative composition of convicts has a significant impact on the state of crime in places of deprivation of liberty. The contingent of convicts is not homogeneous, convicts have different psychological characteristics, lines of behavior in places of isolation from society, as well as an informal status.

Crime in places of deprivation of liberty should be viewed as a complex, negative socio-legal phenomenon, which is a specific type of recidivism and is expressed in the aggregate of acts prohibited by the criminal law committed by convicts who are serving a sentence for a previous crime in correctional institutions. , in the conditions of increased supervision over them, shows a stubborn unwillingness by these persons to comply with the rules of human society.

The use of one or another measure of criminal punishment on convicts does not always have the proper educational and preventive effect on them. Insufficient effectiveness of punishment is explained by the imperfection of criminal and penal legislation.

And in this regard, it is necessary that punishment deter citizens from committing crimes, ensuring the protection of the individual, society, and the state from criminal encroachments.

penitentiary offense convicted

Literature:

Regulations:

1. The Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation of 01/08/1997 N1-FZ (adopted by the State Duma FS on 12/18/1996) (as amended on 04/03/2008)

Scientific and educational literature:

2. Criminology: a textbook for universities / under total. ed. Doctor of Law, prof. A.I. Dolgovoy.-2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: publishing house NORMA, 2001.-848s.

3. Criminological textbook / ed. V.N. Kudryavtsev and V.E. Eminov-3rd ed., Rev. and add. M .: Yurist, 2007-s734

4. Criminality in places of deprivation of liberty: concept, crime. har. in places of deprivation of liberty / L. Prozumentov, O. Filippova // Criminal Law. 001_6._2007 No. 2 p. 125-128.

5. Gromov V.G. The main directions of reducing the criminogenic potential of places of deprivation of freedom / V.G. Gromov: monograph. M .: Publishing house "New index", 2008. 336 p.

6. Starkov O.V. Criminology, Ufa, 1997.

7. Gromov V.G. Penitentiary crime / V.G. Gromov // Modern law... M., 2007. No. 9.

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The prevention of recurrence of crimes in places of deprivation of liberty is provided for by law. According to part 2 of Art. 43 of the Criminal Code Russian Federation punishment is applied in order to restore social justice, as well as to correct, prevent the commission of new crimes.

Crime prevention is understood as activities aimed at neutralizing or eliminating the causes and conditions conducive to the commission of crimes, covering in its content various measures of influence on objective external factors and individuals.

The literature distinguishes the following types prevention: general individual and special.

General warning is achieved, firstly, by the threat of imposing punishment for committing publicly dangerous actions, provided for in the Special Part of the Criminal Code, secondly, by the real application of punishment for a committed crime, in this case the goal of general prevention is realized indirectly, since the punishment affects unstable citizens by applying it to persons guilty of committing a crime. It is difficult to determine the effectiveness of achieving the goal of general crime prevention, but it is undoubtedly dependent on the implementation of the principle of inevitability of responsibility for the crime committed.

“General crime prevention,” as A.G. Lekar wrote, “consists in the purposeful activity of state and public organizations fighting against offenses to identify, study and eliminate the causes of crime, conditions conducive to the existence of crime and the commission of crimes, as well as circumstances, facilitating the achievement of a criminal result ".

A special warning is aimed at preventing convicts from completing a new crime both in the process of serving their sentence and after serving it. This goal is achieved by applying to this person punishment, and, within its framework, preventive measures envisaged by the Criminal Code and PEC, as well as a complex of educational measures on the part of state bodies and public associations. The stricter the punishment, the more intensively such measures are applied, for example, isolation from society, protection of convicts and supervision of their behavior, etc.

The effectiveness of general prevention largely depends on the solution of major socio-economic, cultural and educational problems. In our work, we will focus on more specific measures in relation to the prevention of crimes in places of deprivation of liberty, i.e. about special and individual prevention.

The goal of individual prevention is to eliminate the specific causes of crime and to eradicate antisocial dependent attitudes in people whose inappropriate lifestyle can lead to the commission of a crime.

Special prevention is an activity aimed at preventing crimes on the part of a certain category of persons, united by some common, inherent specific features or properties for them.

Penitentiary prophylaxis refers to the prevention of the commission of new crimes during the period of serving a sentence. The specificity of penitentiary prevention is that it is secondary and follows punishment. Prevention during the period of serving a sentence, when the main thing is atonement, bearing hardships, hardships, is fraught with great difficulties, since a combination of various means of influence is necessary.

The introduction of the institution of penitentiary-pedagogical activity provides for a wide range of moral and legal correction of the convict. First of all, the legislator refers to them: labor, spiritual and moral influence, schooling, individual educational work. Closely connected with him: treatment, hygiene, rest of criminals. The combination of these measures and means of penitentiary influence carries the charge of moral recovery of convicts.

The most important area of ​​crime prevention in places of deprivation of liberty is educational work with convicts.

The principles of educational work with convicts are the basic starting points, guiding principles, which define the basic requirements for the content, organization and conduct of educational work with convicts.

The Concept of educational work with convicts in the context of reforming the penal system stipulates that educational work with convicts is organized and carried out on the basis of the following principles: inviolability of fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms; humanism; legality; the priority of the goal of correction in the execution of the punishment; combination of centralization and development of amateur beginnings; consistency and continuity of corrective action; the inclusion of convicts in active socially useful activities; reliance on positive personality traits; preservation, strengthening and restoration of socially useful ties of convicts, wide public participation in the affairs of the penal system.

The Concept combines both legal and pedagogical principles. However, this list of principles is not complete. Thus, educational work with convicts is also based on the general principles of criminal executive legislation, enshrined in Art. 8 of the RF PEC: legality, humanism, democracy, equality of convicts before the law, differentiation and individualization of the execution of sentences, rational use of coercive measures, means of correcting convicts and stimulating their law-abiding behavior, combining punishment with corrective action.

Let's take a look at some of them.

• 1. The principle of inviolability of fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms. This principle is generally recognized and follows from the norms international law and the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. So, in Art. 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation states that "a person, his rights and freedoms are the highest value. Recognition, observance and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms is the duty of the state." Despite the fact that restrictions on rights and freedoms are imposed on convicts, at the same time, their fundamental rights and freedoms are inalienable, and in case of violation they have the right to protection. With regard to educational work, convicts should have the right to freely express their opinions on various issues of serving their sentences, at their choice to join any amateur organizations without any pressure from the administration. Also, every convicted person can profess any religion not prohibited by law.
• 2. The principle of legality is also constitutional and is enshrined in Art. 15 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This principle found expression in Part 2 of Art. 12 of the RF PEC, which stipulates that coercive measures can be applied only on the basis of the law. Thus, penalties and restrictions not provided for by law cannot be imposed on convicts for committed violations.
• 3. The principle of humanism. All educational work is imbued with the principle of humanism. By fostering in convicts a respectful attitude towards a person, society, work, norms and rules of human life, increasing their consciousness and cultural level, the employees of correctional institutions thereby help convicts find their place in society, build correct relationships with others, and abandon criminal behavior.

The principle of humanism also permeates the forms of educational work, primarily individual work, which is carried out on the basis of studying the personality of each convict, taking into account the crime he committed, age, education and other characteristics.

This principle should also be expressed in the fact that educational work should be aimed primarily at the resocialization of convicts and their subsequent adaptation to life in freedom.

• 4. The principle of democracy in the organization of educational work is manifested primarily in the wide involvement of the public in the correction of convicts. This principle is also expressed in the fact that convicts have the right to receive education, to use cultural values ​​and sports facilities in a correctional institution, periodicals, fiction, popular science, religious, educational literature, can keep in touch with relatives and acquaintances in order, established by law.
• 5. The principle of differentiation and individualization of the execution of sentences in relation to educational work is expressed in the differentiation and individualization of the educational impact on convicts.

Differentiation of educational influence means that educational work with convicts is carried out taking into account the type of correctional institution and the regime established in it, the term of punishment, conditions of detention (part 2 of article 110 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Educational work is also carried out in a differentiated manner with various categories of convicts: persons serving a sentence for the first time and repeatedly convicted, women and men, adults and minors who are positively characterized, and persistent violators of the established order of serving the sentence, etc.

The individualization of the educational impact is based on taking into account the individual characteristics of the personality of the convict and his behavior. So, in part 4 of Art. 109 of the RF PEC stipulates that educational work with convicts is carried out taking into account the individual characteristics of the personality and nature of the convicts and the circumstances of the crimes they have committed.

6. The principle of the rational use of coercive measures, means of correcting convicts and stimulating their law-abiding behavior suggests that educational work and coercive measures should be applied rationally and should be aimed at forming and stimulating law-abiding behavior of convicts.

It should be noted that the problem of stimulating law-abiding behavior has recently received more and more attention in legal science. In this connection, the principle of combining incentives and restrictions is quite common in the theory of law.

Undoubtedly this principle permeates all educational work with convicts. Benefits, incentives, on the one hand, and prohibitions, punishments, on the other, are the strongest regulator of the behavior of convicts, since they affect their intrinsic motivation.

7. The principle of combining punishment with corrective action is expressed in the fact that punishment must be constantly accompanied by corrective action. Under the corrective influence of A.I. Zubkov understands a wide range of educational measures and influences designed to form positive personality traits, which ultimately speak about the degree of correction of convicts.

It is with the help of educational work that the greatest changes in the personality of the convict can be achieved. Punishment alone cannot eradicate antisocial views; on the contrary, it can even strengthen them. Therefore, educational work must be carried out continuously throughout the entire term of the sentence.

8. The principle of the priority of the goal of correction in the execution of punishment means that the goal of the correction of convicts is of paramount importance in the organization and conduct of educational work. The purpose of correcting convicts is also enshrined in Part 1 of Art. 1 of the RF PEC: "The criminal executive legislation of the Russian Federation has as its goals the correction of convicts ..." The list of tasks of the penitentiary system did not find the fixation of the task of correcting convicts. Correction of convicts is currently not only the goal of the penal legislation, but also the practical task of the activities of correctional institutions, therefore Art. 2 of the RF Law "On Institutions and Bodies Executing Criminal Sentences in the Form of Imprisonment" it is advisable to supplement the task of correcting convicts.

At the end of the consideration of this issue, it should be noted that since the principles serve as the foundation of all educational work with convicts and its results largely depend on them, then, accordingly, they require more close attention and need a deeper study. A formal enumeration of them is not enough. It is necessary to develop a special provision on educational work with convicts, in which these principles would not only be declared declaratively, but would also become the core of the entire educational process.

Correctional institutions proceed from the fact that the goal of general crime prevention is directly related to the prevention of recurrence of crimes in places of deprivation of liberty. In all cases, without exception, convictions for recidivism of crimes in the process of serving the sentence, the content of the sentences about them is brought to the attention of other convicts serving imprisonment together with convicted repeat offenders. Similar information is brought to the attention of convicts about the application of disciplinary sanctions.

An important preventive measure is the creation of conditions that ensure the normal operation of correctional institutions.

These should include, firstly, ensuring the safety of employees of correctional institutions and, secondly, the safety of convicts. Without ensuring the inviolability of the life and health of these persons, it is impossible to talk about the normal activities of these institutions, about the fulfillment of their tasks.

At the same time, an important place is given to the use of appropriate criminal - legal and penal - executive measures.

In the first case it comes, in particular, on the norms of the General part of the criminal legislation. So, in part 3 of Art. 60 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation indicates the need, along with other circumstances, to take into account the nature and degree of social danger of the crime and the identity of the perpetrator when imposing punishment. As circumstances aggravating the punishment, paragraph "a" of Part 1 of Art. 63 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provides for "recidivism".

The danger of newly committed crimes in correctional institutions lies in the fact that the convicted person does not seek to take the path of correction and, after committing one crime for which he is serving a sentence, commits another.

Art. 69 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Appointment of punishment for cumulative crimes" and Art. 70 "Imposition of punishment based on cumulative sentences". For the aggregate of crimes, punishment is assigned separately for each crime committed. According to the aggregate of sentences, the not served part of the sentence according to the previous court sentence shall be partially or completely added to the punishment imposed by the last court verdict.

The preventive impact will significantly increase if the guilty is compensated for the damage caused to him, deprived him of the opportunity to use material benefits from the crimes committed, and ensure the confiscation of property designated as additional punishment for a grave or especially grave mercenary crime.

The preventive effect of conviction and punishment is also facilitated by the deduction from wages and other incomes of persons sentenced to imprisonment by correctional institutions. enforcement orders victims and financial authorities state (Article 107 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation).

The prevention of new crimes by convicts and other purposes of punishment are, with varying degrees of success, provided by the multifaceted activity of correctional institutions, which is an indissoluble unity of ensuring the regime, educational work and bringing convicts to work with vocational education and professional training of convicts (Article 9 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation).

The issues of organizing crime prevention by criminal law means should be mandatory reflected in the work plans for the prevention of crimes at different levels of government and ensured by the implementation of specific measures, which can be divided into two types. The first type includes organizational measures, that is, associated with the organization of preventive activities, the second - functional - for its direct implementation.

Drawing up a plan is the main organizing beginning of any activity, and planning is the process of developing a system of specific activities, the implementation of which is necessary to ensure the task at hand. It includes identifying all possible ways to achieve the goal and evaluating the means of implementing the options available for this.

The head of the correctional facility ensures that the plan is drawn up. To do this, create working group, which should include qualified employees, it is better if this work will be assigned to them in the form of functional duties, which will allow them to more responsibly and professionally approach its development, and then monitor the quality and timing of the planned activities.

One of the most important preventive measures is the organization of legal advocacy, carrying out activities to clarify legislation.

The effectiveness of the propaganda of criminal legislation is of interest. According to studies conducted among employees of correctional institutions, the most effective means of promoting criminal legislation is individual-explanatory work with persons prone to committing crimes (53.3%). Then it is indicated that demonstration litigation(36.2%). The appeal to convicts through the mass media is 3.5% of those studied. Other forms of propaganda of criminal legislation accounted for 7%.

Extensive explanatory work regarding the norms of the criminal law governing the conditions for early release from further release from further serving a sentence, the measures actually taken to organize their practical application, the timely preparation and transmission of relevant submissions to the court, as well as their prompt resolution by the court, can serve as an effective incentive for law-abiding behavior, and, consequently, for the prevention of crimes.

It is important to timely control the management of the correctional institution over the quality of the materials submitted for parole prisoners, proper preparation of the relevant documents, the efficient work of the administration commission, as well as the implementation of careful prosecutorial supervision over compliance with the legal requirements in the application of the criminal law provisions in question.

Isolation of a criminal from society is effective as an adequate response to his crime, only as punishment, and ineffective as a means of correction. Neutralizing and mitigating this objective flaw in imprisonment is one of the main tasks of penitentiary prevention.

Experts say that after 5-7 years of imprisonment, the convicts experience irreversible changes in their psyche, they break ties with relatives and friends who have remained at large. But this does not mean that avoiding lengthy prison terms will contribute to better prevention. If society abandons the principle of proportionality of punishment to the severity of the crime, crime will become uncontrollable. Therefore, it is necessary to implement measures that would prevent irreversible changes in the psyche of convicts.

An unconventional method of individual prevention of relapse is the use of autobiographical material. Therapist or social work(psychologist, psychiatrist, sociologist, criminologist) asks the convicted person to write his autobiography, which enables the offender, with the help of specialist advice, to look at his past with different eyes. In the process of working with a person, the root causes and conditions for the formation of his existing models of behavior will be revealed. Often this affects the subconscious level of the human psyche and at the initial stage causes unconscious fears. The subject may have anxiety to remain alone with himself, since he will understand that the reasons for everything that happens are in himself, and he will resist the last fog to dissipate, especially since such a situation is usually unusual for an individual. Since the motivational sphere of an individual's behavior is significantly influenced by elements of subconscious regulation, hidden from direct influence through a person's consciousness, it is necessary to provide theoretical and practical assistance to convicts to change the criminal behavior patterns formed in their psyche. The subconscious mind can be effectively influenced at the subconscious level. For this, it is possible to conduct a course of subconscious regulation of human behavior.

The purpose of the correction sessions should be: identification of criminal behavior patterns of the individual, the reasons for their appearance and the conditions for their formation; selection of adequate forms and means of response in order to neutralize criminal models of relations. The forms and means of neutralization should be chosen in the same information system in which the criminal behavior model arose, namely: visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory. The first three are most often referred to such systems. The task of the specialist is to cause the initial negative state of the individual and change his attitude towards the life situation from negative to positive, and then return to his usual state. The method of work is described in special literature.

At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the subtle mechanism of subconscious regulation, the consequences of which can be compared with interference with the human genetic apparatus, as well as the inviolability of the individual, i.e. such measures should be strictly voluntary. Based on the foregoing, the person concerned should be given the right, not the obligation, to subconsciously correct the behavior. Confirmation of the validity of this approach is the introduction by Federal Law of December 8, 2003 N 161-FZ in clause 6.1 of Art. 12 of the RF PEC of the amendment, which enshrines the right of the convicted person to provide psychological assistance, but at the same time provides for the obligatory consent of the convicted to carry out such measures.

The conditions for the successful fulfillment of professional tasks by the administration of the correctional institution is the establishment of full confidence in the convict in the process psychological work with him and the excitement of an indispensable interest in the results of work on a positive change in his inner world. If trust can be established with the help of a sincere attitude towards the subject and his problems (which in itself implies critical professional selection), then interest is formed when the convicted person is clearly convinced of the reality of the picture of the world order offered to him, where everything and everything is interconnected and conditioned , and in the fact that the laws following from this work in reality.

Awareness of the true world order, cause-and-effect relationships and the meaning of their perception, as well as the role of the subconscious in the patterns occurring with the subject, can become a self-regulating limiter of criminal behavior for everyone. Only in this case can we talk about the subject's overestimation of his behavior, which will be a certain guarantee of his actual correction. From these positions, it is also advisable to approach the issue of resolving physical and mental illness a person, manifested as a consequence of blocking the vital energy of the individual through the mental component of his own destructive behavior. In all diseases, the problem of lack of attention and love is hidden in the form of negative psychic energy. Gradual awareness of this fact will lead to liberation from diseases and the disclosure of internal potential energy. In order to use it wisely, it is necessary at all levels of the individual's life to create conditions for everyone to realize their creative potential and self-affirmation.

Ensuring reliable internal order is an important anti-criminogenic factor that prevents the penetration of prohibited items, alcoholic beverages, drugs into prisoners. This largely neutralizes the influence of informal norms of behavior, contributes to the stabilization of the crime situation in general.

According to the schedule of the day, convicts are given free time. It is advisable to educate free time by organizing pedagogically meaningful cultural and leisure activities. It seems that such an approach will contribute to the maximum efficiency of educational work with convicts. In the special literature, the functions of free time are highlighted and described in the aspect of determining its role in the formation and satisfaction of the basic spiritual needs of the individual.

Among the educational functions of free time is the function of the moral development of the individual on the basis of cultural and leisure activities. Free time is rightly considered the most vulnerable link in the organization of educational work with convicts. Therefore, its educational potential is far from being fully utilized. The effective implementation of the educational functions of free time will allow you to overcome the established practice. Thus, we can speak of free time as a factor in the moral development of a person. Since one of the reserves of free time is to expand the possibilities of interpersonal communication, free, informal, interpersonal communication optimizes the process of moral development of the individual. Communication plays a leading role in moral education. In the sphere of free communication, the regulatory functions of moral norms are most clearly manifested.

Economic measures. This measure is intended not only to occupy convicts with labor, but also to motivate them materially in a high-quality and conscientious attitude to work. The money earned is used as compensation for the material damage caused by the crime (paying the cost of travel for relatives to arrive on a date, etc.). An important positive factor is the use of the earned money for the purchase of food and basic necessities.

Social measures. These include general education and vocational training for convicts. A low percentage indicates problems in this direction activities of the correctional institution. Involvement in the educational process among convicts and employees and in the educational work of city colleges and institutes is caused by the need to improve the educational level of both convicts and employees of the correctional institution. In the process of raising the educational level, the general culture of the convicts increases.

Raising the educational and vocational-technical level, the correct organization of leisure time is precisely what makes it possible to form a favorable psychological climate. Convicts with a low level of education and no specialty are less critical of their environment, more oriented towards its informal rules of behavior. General educational and vocational training is an important condition for the use of other means of correction and re-education.

Recently, the press has raised the issue of the religious education of convicts. The construction of Orthodox churches, as well as the study of the foundations of Orthodoxy under the guidance of priests, is mainly called a positive experience.

With the beginning of visits by representatives of religious confessions to penitentiary institutions, the number of crimes and violations of the regime of detention by convicts began to decrease noticeably, mass riots and group excesses were prevented. All this can be explained by the great, truly selfless activity in the prisons of the Russian Orthodox Church. Moreover, experience shows that visits to prisoners by a priest should be at least weekly - for the most effective observation and impact on the spiritual and moral state of prisoners.

In the opinion of the majority of employees and convicts, the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia should have full-time priests. For these purposes, the Russian Orthodox Church should create a service of "penitentiary clergy" who would be specially prepared to serve in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.

Research in this area began to be carried out on an ongoing basis in different regions of Russia. This will allow in the near future to determine the state and dynamics of the influence of the process of increasing or decreasing believers on the moral and psychological climate in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, preventing crimes, preparing for the release of convicts, and their social adaptation after release.

(Uvarov I. A.) ("Russian investigator", 2006, N 6)

THEORETICAL BASIS OF ORGANIZATION OF PENITENTIARY CRIME PREVENTION

I. A. UVAROV

Uvarov I.A., candidate legal sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Criminal Executive Law (Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia).

Penitentiary crime prevention, like any kind of practical activity, needs proper organization and science-based construction. The organization of crime prevention is understood as the creation of a crime prevention system, consisting of law enforcement and non-governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations, citizens; methods and techniques of their activities; objects and objects of influence; it is also necessary to ensure the process of its functioning, external and internal coordination and interaction of criminal justice bodies, information services, criminological forecasting and programming, definition of goals and objectives, control; financial, methodological, personnel, material and technical conditions, guarantees<*>. ——————————— <*>Criminology and the organization of crime prevention / Ed. E. I. Petrova. M., 1995.S. 161 - 162.

The basis for building the organizational activity of the penitentiary crime prevention is the use of the patterns of its course and the principles of implementation. This means that it cannot be built arbitrarily. The mechanism for organizing this type of activity includes both general patterns and stable signs of the construction and ordering of any social system and special, specific, its signs, arising mainly from the originality of the object of influence (crime), its nature and tendencies of change. In addition, by organization, we mean not just an organizational structure in statics, but also the organizational process of penitentiary crime prevention, including: 1) the formulation of goals and objectives; 2) information support; criminological forecasting and planning; 3) direct organizational support for the implementation of planned activities; 4) implementation of interaction and coordination of subjects of prevention; 5) making adjustments and changes to activities based on an assessment of its effectiveness and new needs of practice; 6) resource support (solution of personnel, financial, economic, material and technical and other issues to create conditions for the normal functioning of penitentiary institutions). The purpose of the penitentiary crime prevention is to counteract the criminal processes taking place in correctional institutions. Relevant objectives contribute to the achievement of the goals of criminal crime prevention. They consist not only in ensuring compliance with the requirements for preventive exposure, but also in constantly bringing this exposure in accordance with these requirements. The objectives, therefore, contribute to the practical achievement of the goals of prison prevention. They boil down to the following: 1) identification, elimination or neutralization of the causes of penitentiary crimes and the conditions conducive to their commission; 2) individual preventive action on persons with pronounced antisocial behavior (in this case, we mean convicts who demonstrate such behavior precisely in connection with being in a penitentiary institution); 3) prevention (in this case we use it in a broad sense and include it in it - suppression) of planned and planned crimes. The solution of these tasks of penitentiary crime prevention, at the same time, is important part the general process of combating crime (in this case, penitentiary prevention). “Realizing the task of general and private prevention, it permeates most of the constituent elements of this process, including the identification, disclosure, investigation of crimes ... elimination negative consequences crimes "<*>. ——————————— <*>Criminology / Ed. V.D.Malkova. M., 2004.S. 118.

Optimal organization of penitentiary crime prevention is impossible without its comprehensive, high-quality information support. When considering the organizational foundations of penitentiary crime prevention, it is fundamentally important to emphasize that its information support should be carried out on the basis of a very broad approach. The activity of the penitentiary system for the prevention of crimes in the penitentiary requires the constant collection and use of a wide range of information, not only internal (organizational), but also external (criminological) information. In the implementation of these activities, it is important to: determine the types of criminological information, sources and methods of obtaining it, create a system for fixing and storing information, its analysis and assessment for reliability and completeness. When determining the types of criminological information, it is necessary to take into account those criminogenic situations and criminal phenomena that may arise in the environment of convicts, as well as the reasons and conditions that determine them.<*>. ——————————— <*>See: NP Barabanov, Prevention and suppression of criminal emergencies in correctional institutions: Author's abstract. dis. ... doc. jurid. sciences. M., 2001.S. 28.

Here it is necessary to distinguish between two interrelated concepts - information need and information support for crime prevention. The informational need for crime prevention is a state of need to obtain and use information necessary and sufficient to effectively ensure the legality of preventive activities and increase its effectiveness.<*>. ——————————— <*>See: Zhalinsky A.Z., Kostitsky M.V. Effectiveness of crime prevention and criminological information. Lvov, 1980.S. 118.

Information provision of crime prevention is a purposeful activity based on legal, organizational, technical and methodological prerequisites for the collection, processing, storage and creation of conditions for the use of information necessary for the effective functioning of the preventive system.<*>. ——————————— <*>In the same place. P. 145.

Based on the cited concepts, it can be concluded that the information used in the process of criminal prevention of crimes may be different. To differentiate it, the concept of "structure of criminologically significant information" was introduced. The basis for the structural characteristics of information necessary for the effective functioning of the crime prevention system is the nature of the objects to which certain components of such information belong.<*>... Based on this principle, penitentiary crime prevention can be divided into three components of the structure: ———————————<*>See: Yu.D. Bluvshtein, M.I. Zyrin, V.V. Romanov, Crime Prevention. Minsk, 1986.S. 83.

a) information about the state of the facilities of penitentiary prevention; b) information about the state of subjects of penitentiary prevention; c) information on the state of social conditions in the course of preventive activities. An integral element of the organization of crime prevention for convicted persons in places of deprivation of liberty is its forecasting. In order to correctly determine the goals of penitentiary prevention in the future and develop a plan for their implementation, it is necessary with greater or lesser certainty to imagine what the main parameters of the crime of convicts may be, what managerial decisions will have to be made in this regard.<*>. ——————————— <*>See: E.V. Kolomoichenko. Predicting the crime of convicts in prisons: Author's abstract. dis. ... Cand. jurid. sciences. M., 2000.S. 3.

Predicting the unlawful behavior of convicts in penitentiary institutions presupposes the solution of two interrelated problems. The first is the forecast individual behavior... One of the promising directions of its solution is the development of a system of prognostic assessments and building on its basis the classification of convicts according to the degree of recurrence, which makes it possible to take into account the individual characteristics of the behavior of convicts in typical life situations. The second is a general forecast of criminogenic tensions among convicts. The solution to this problem presupposes: the development of a general scheme for the qualitative analysis of relationships in the detachments, the study of the facts of offenses, which must be considered taking into account the actions of the administration in response to the behavior of the convicts; identification of indicators of criminal tensions<*>. ——————————— <*>See: Vereshchagin V.A.Prediction and prevention of illegal behavior of convicts in places of confinement: Author's abstract. dis. ... Cand. jurid. sciences. M., 1997.S. 16.

To concretize preventive activities, it is necessary to classify the forecasting of crime in places of deprivation of liberty in the following areas: 1) forecasting certain types(groups of) crimes in correctional institutions; 2) predicting the criminality of convicts, depending on the regime in correctional institutions and the conditions for serving the sentence; 3) predicting the crime of convicts, taking into account socio-demographic, criminal law and criminal executive characteristics<*>. ——————————— <*>See: S. R. Tyutikov. Criminological forecasting of crimes among those sentenced to imprisonment: Author's abstract. dis. ... Cand. jurid. sciences. Ryazan, 1998.S. 14.

To realize these expectations, a developed and reliable system for predicting the crime of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty is required. Forecasts of the crime of convicts would be a prerequisite for the development of planning documents, targeted and comprehensive programs, the basis for making optimal decisions in the field of combating crime.<*>. ——————————— <*>See: E.V. Kolomoichenko. Predicting the crime of convicts in prisons: Author's abstract. dis. ... Cand. jurid. sciences. M., 2000.S. 11.

Thus, the main role of criminological forecasting of penitentiary crime is that it forms the basis for further planning of crime prevention. Nevertheless, it is impossible to interpret the tasks of crime forecasting in isolation from planning measures for its prevention, since criminological forecasting and long-term planning are interconnected. "Without the development of long-term planning of measures to combat crime and its causes," writes A. K. Ivanov, "criminological forecasting loses its meaning."<*>. ——————————— <*>See: Ivanov A.K. Domestic criminology: A course of lectures. Saratov, 1996.S. 90.

Forecasting and planning are two independent, albeit interrelated, management functions. Moreover, forecasting is the scientific basis for planning. Consequently, forecasting is a stage preceding long-term planning, and this circumstance, in turn, indicates the presence of information feedback between them. Thus, there is a need for step-by-step forecasting: forecasting - developing measures to prevent the crime of convicts - planning these measures - implementing them - assessing a new state - forecasting for the next period. Planning of penitentiary crime prevention is the development of the main directions, ways and means of solving problems to identify and eliminate the causes and conditions that contribute to the commission of crimes in places of detention. Like any other type of management activity, planning has its own stages of passage, which include: 1) organizational and preparatory (determination of the personal composition of participants, separation of responsible persons for certain areas of planning, sections, scheduling of work); 2) analytical (initial information for it is provided by an analysis of the state, structure and trends of crime; analysis of background phenomena of crime; the effect of general social measures prevention of crimes; the effect of special criminological measures); 3) predictive (gives an idea of ​​the possible picture of the future state of crime and the conditions in which its prevention will be carried out); 4) direct development of a system of planned measures and methods of monitoring their implementation (contains information on preventive measures, on the system of subjects and objects; crime prevention); 5) implementation of the plan (bringing the planned activities to the management of direct executors, setting deadlines, organizing control over implementation)<*>. ——————————— <*>See: V.N.Kudryavtsev. Causality in criminology (on the structure of individual criminal behavior). M., 1968.S. 151 - 173.

These basic elements determine the purposefulness, concreteness and prospects of coordinated activities and mainly reflect the content of coordination in the field of penitentiary crime prevention. As for the question of the relationship between forecasting and planning, it should be noted that the forecast is not the final recommendation for drawing up a plan - it is only a multivariate picture of the future. But its use in the plans of the penitentiary crime prevention is a vital necessity. Of decisive importance, in any case, among them is planning, since it allows not only to elect the best way development of the system of penitentiary crime prevention, but also to change in the future negative trends and patterns of crime, which took place in the past and in the present. In addition to criminological forecasting and planning, interaction and coordination of the activities of the subjects are an important tool for organizing penitentiary crime prevention. Interaction between subjects of penitentiary prevention is a mutual exchange of necessary information, joint planning of preventive measures, as well as practical implementation planned. The essence of such interaction between the subjects of penitentiary prevention consists in the coordinated joint activities all stakeholders within their competence. In our opinion, the key factor in the system of interaction of subjects of penitentiary prevention is their competence. If such a factor was absent, then the activity would be carried out by only one subject. Then we would have to talk about interaction at a different level (for example, between the penal system and the internal affairs bodies). The differentiation of subjects, depending on their competence, allows you to maximally cover all areas of activity of penitentiary institutions and in the process of interaction to achieve the greatest effect in the implementation of penitentiary crime prevention. Important conditions effective and targeted interaction structural units correctional institutions are: - strict adherence to the law and by-laws; - a clear delineation of the competence of the subjects of interaction; - the autonomy of the solution of assigned tasks by each subject of interaction and the encouragement of initiative with the optimal use of forces, means and methods in the prevention of offenses; - regular exchange of information; - knowledge by each subject of the capabilities of its partners in the prevention of offenses<*>. ——————————— <*>See: I. V. Karetnikov, O. P. Vasilega, S. L. Danovsky. Organizational and methodological foundations for comprehensive planning of crime prevention in correctional institutions. M., 1981.S. 26.

In order for the interaction of subjects of penitentiary prevention to be purposeful and interconnected, they must be coordinated. Such coordination should be carried out in two interrelated directions: coordination of the activities of the entire territorial body executing criminal sentences in the form of imprisonment, and coordination of the subjects of crime prevention within a particular correctional institution. Coordination of the activities of the subjects of crime prevention is the coordination of the actions of tactically independent subjects of the crime prevention system (bodies and institutions of state power, public organizations and individual citizens) for different elements of activity in the presence of equal ties between them, the general strategic goal of activity, to increase the effectiveness of combating crime<*>. ——————————— <*>See: Litvinov A. N., Gavrish T. S. Crime prevention. From theory to practice. M., 2003.S. 36.

The main features of the coordination of activities of subjects of penitentiary prevention are: - independence of subjects of penitentiary prevention in dealing with tactical issues; - the presence of equal ties between separate elements penitentiary prevention systems; - the presence of a single strategic goal (elimination, neutralization, blocking of the causes and conditions of penitentiary crimes); - the actions of the subjects of penitentiary crime prevention are coordinated according to the purpose, place, timing and program, taking into account the competence of each subject; - coordination of actions is carried out only within the limits of decisions common for the territorial body executing punishment, or specific correctional institutions to combat penitentiary crime (taking into account the specific functions of each of them). The main goal of coordination of subjects of penitentiary prevention is coordination of actions territorial bodies penitentiary system and correctional institutions, public organizations, individual citizens to reduce the number of criminal manifestations in places of deprivation of liberty.

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