Fire trucks of the world. What the rescue services of different countries of the world look like and their equipment (top view). Fire chief Roman Boyko

You probably already heard something about such a thing as nolling. If not, then we explain: this is a way of organizing space in which objects are grouped on a flat surface at an angle of 90 degrees or parallel to it, and then photographed from above.

Usually nollings who want to show, for example, the contents of their purse, luggage or work desk. Despite the fact that this type of photography has been circulating on the Internet for a relatively long time, nolling continues to gain momentum and is becoming an increasingly popular trend.

So, recently, rescuers from all over the world decided to join him - from ambulance workers to law enforcement... With the help of nolling, they demonstrated their equipment, vehicles, equipment and, of course, themselves. As a result, the pictures turned out to be quite informative and effective, and we have collected the best of them.

This is how, for example, the toolbox of the Swiss police looks like.

Swiss firefighters.

These are funny firefighters from the Netherlands.

And these are the Dutch soldiers.

Beach lifeguards.

Dutch police officer.

Fire and rescue teams provide assistance not only in the fight against fire, but also in natural disasters, traffic accidents and other non-standard situations. This is very dangerous job directly related to the risk to life. But for some reason it is she who in our country is valued no higher than the work of office workers. EtCetera found out how much employees of similar services in other countries receive.

FACT. Petro Poroshenko promised to raise salaries of rescuers to the level of officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. At the moment, officers are paid from 8.5 thousand hryvnia (this is a salary and allowances for rank and length of service). Firefighters are offered about 7 thousand hryvnia per month.

USA. An "ordinary" rescuer receives from 6 to 7 thousand dollars a month, depending on the locality. And, of course, we all remember the footage from the films, which captures the construction of fire and rescue stations. This is a comfortable place to work and rest with a gym, full kitchen, lounges.

But the most important thing is the equipment of these stations. The rescuers are armed with modern cars, all the necessary equipment and high-quality equipment. Paramedics are on duty together with the rescuers - this way it is much more efficient to respond to calls. Well, on the streets of American cities there are many hydrants, which makes it easier for rescuers to work, providing them with access to water anywhere in the village.

GERMANY. German firefighters receive from 2 thousand dollars a month. For shift work, this is not bad. In addition, the state guarantees such specialists additional bonuses in the form of free meals, additional payments to pensions and special conditions insurance. Fire and rescue stations are operated here local authorities... This helps to maintain and develop the service based on the needs of the area.

In addition, a feature of the German rescue service is that volunteer brigades work here along with professional firefighters-rescuers. They are connected to deal with the consequences of large-scale disasters and emergencies.

POLAND. In Poland, rescue firefighters do not have very high salaries. Even in Warsaw, the average salary is around $ 1,100. Many receive much less - about $ 850. At the same time, the period of study before entering the detachment at the Fire Service School is 4 years. Due to the rather high prices for real estate and food, firefighters have to combine two jobs at once or run their own business.

UNITED KINGDOM. Firefighters receive from 2 to 4 thousand dollars a month, depending on the place of service. The biggest salaries at the sites increased danger for example at airports. By the way, the standard for the arrival of the brigade to the scene in the UK is 8 minutes (in the city) and 20 minutes (in the countryside). For British rescuers, such norms are not burdensome, since firefighters are willingly allowed to pass even during the most active road traffic.

The Federal Republic of Germany, with a population of 82.5 million, consists of 16 lands (land is the largest administrative-territorial unit) and 14 thousand communities (a community is the smallest administrative-territorial unit).

According to the German constitution, tasks are transferred to the jurisdiction of the states. The land ministries of the interior are in charge of the land fire service.

In accordance with the legislation on fire safety The administration of a particular community (or city) is directly responsible for organizing and maintaining the combat readiness of the fire brigade.

Form of organization, number of personnel and technical equipment determined by the specific capabilities of each community.

Tasks fire service Germany include: extinguishing and preventing fires, providing technical assistance, radiation protection and security environment, control over safety in case of disasters, rescue of people and animals, provision of urgent medical care and transportation of patients.

The structure and scope of work of the fire brigade in Germany (average annual statistics)

Reasons for leaving	Number of combat missions	Share,%
Fires	179272	6,5
Technical assistance	575372	21,1
Health care	1721780	62,8
Fake calls	158917	5,8
Others (mainly work on rescuing people and animals)	104728	3,8
TOTAL	2740069	100,0

Thus, in Germany, it accounts for only 6-7% of the total volume of operational work of the fire brigade, while cases of providing various technical assistance annually make up 18-22%, medical assistance 60-65% of the total volume of operational work.

The time of arrival of the first units to the place of call is on average: in cities 5-6 minutes, in rural areas 8-10 minutes.

The damage from fires in Germany in recent years amounted to 3.7 billion euros (0.2% of the country's gross national product).

The fires in 2003 and 2004 killed 475 and 446 people, respectively, i.e. 1 fatal person per 200,000 people. population.

There are three types of fire brigades in Germany:

professional, the number of which is 40 thousand people;
voluntary - 1.3 million people;
object (factory), which is created and financed by large enterprises. On-site fire protection is also divided into professional and voluntary.

Professional training is organized in cities with a population of over 100 thousand people. In cities with a population of 50 to 100 thousand people. small professional teams are created, reinforced by volunteer fire brigades. V settlements with a population of less than 50 thousand people. there are only voluntary fire brigades.

Professional firefighters are on duty in the units, as a rule, for 24 hours. 70% personnel serve in a 56-hour week. There are also 16-, 12- and 8-hour watch options. Options are currently being considered to reduce the weekly working time to 44 hours. Volunteers usually have a staggered shift schedule and do not have 24-hour shifts.

There is no difference in qualifications for professionals and volunteers. They all undergo the same training at fire schools. Each land has its own fire school... The duration of firefighter training is 2 years, including practice in various cities of the country.

Basic principles of fire safety in Germany

The tasks of the fire service are reflected in state legislation.
The establishment of minimum standards for fire safety in construction is the responsibility of the land ministries of the interior.
The following authorities are involved in the implementation of the standards: the state government, Insurance companies, German Standards Institute.

Compliance with fire safety requirements in Germany

For fulfilling the requirements concerning fire prevention and the defenders are responsible: local authorities management; construction organizations(construction supervision).

Special requirements for fire safety concern: high-rise buildings; objects chemical industry; airfields.

The measures taken by the responsible authorities against the owners of property that do not meet fire safety requirements are as follows: notification; fine; closure of the enterprise; judicial investigation.

Verification of existing regulatory requirements for building materials or the establishment of regulatory requirements for materials that are not subject to legal provisions is carried out by the German Standards Institute.

History of firefighting in Germany

The first legislators in the field of fire safety were the Germans. At the beginning of the 17th century, the first fire brigades appeared in Germany - fire brigades.

Inhabitants of sea coasts, river floodplains, open and low-lying areas, due to the natural characteristics of the habitat, are exposed to the greatest risk of loss of property, on the creation of which many years of life and large funds were spent.

To prevent the consequences of catastrophes in medieval Germany, the so-called "Wind Guilds" were created. Members of the guilds made regular voluntary contributions to the general treasury, which allocated the necessary cash for the restoration of individual property and buildings.

Similarly to the Wind Guilds, the Fire Guilds were formed, which compensated from public savings for the private damage suffered from fire by the members of the union. It is important to note that the concern for compensation for possible damage was not only a spontaneous initiative of potential victims.

The rulers of states, cities and communities were actively involved in the matter promising both acceptable compensation for damage from various kinds of risk, and considerable profits, raising insurance to the rank of legislative initiative.

At times, the means of official coercion were used to collect contributions to the insurance funds. So, in 1676 by the decree of the burgomaster of Hamburg, the "Fire Department" was founded, prescribing the owners of buildings and various buildings compulsory insurance in case of fire. In 1819, the first commercial insurance company was formed in Germany to offer fire insurance - “Alte Leipziger”.

It was founded in Leipzig by Saxon entrepreneurs. The fire brigade in Germany is now organized on a voluntary basis. Professional firefighters receiving wages, in Germany, only 2% of the total number of people employed in fire service... German law provides for the creation public services to fight fire only in cities with a population of more than 100 thousand inhabitants. In small towns, fire brigades are staffed with volunteers. Volunteers work alongside professionals everywhere.

At the beginning of the XXI century, ensuring the quality of manufactured products has become one of the most pressing problems in the world. It is especially important for modern Russia.

The economic and political situation in the country could not but touch upon the fire engineering industry (the concept of “industry” here is purely conditional). But it's not just the crisis of the 90s. Problems arose much earlier.

Back in the 80s, the technologies and equipment of manufacturers of domestic fire fighting vehicles (PA) turned out to be morally and physically obsolete. Practically unclaimed was the experience of leading foreign manufacturers of fire trucks, such as Iveco, Magirus, Metz, Ziegler (Germany), Rosenbauer (Austria), Sides, Kamiva (France), Silvani (Italy), Bronto Lift (Finland), etc. By the beginning of the 90s, the products of manufacturers of fire trucks had a limited range, low, in comparison with foreign counterparts, the technical level and quality of workmanship. As a result, our cars turned out to be uncompetitive in the foreign market (mainly the countries of the Middle East), and there was no internal competition at all (all products were distributed according to the orders of Soyuzglavmash, and not according to the orders of the garrisons).

At the same time, in the 90s, there was a kind of breakthrough in the quality level and technology of manufacturing foreign PA of a new generation, which are currently distinguished by the perfection of the special chassis on the basis of which they are created. high level manufacturing performance, design and safety. Although, it must be admitted, there have been no significant changes in fire extinguishing technology.

What should be public policy in the field of improving the quality of produced fire trucks, especially taking into account the transition of the state fire service to the Ministry of Emergency Situations? What are the possible ways of cooperation between Russian manufacturers and leading foreign firms in the creation of a new generation of domestic PA? Should we strive to achieve the highest world level of quality given the current economic situation in Russia and a given level of resource provision for fire protection?

To answer these questions, it is necessary to know not only the state of the domestic fire-fighting machine building, but the achieved world level of creation and production of PA.

On the eve of it, the search for a conceptual model of the PA was intensified, which would be adequate to the new century and reflect changes in the conditions and tactics of firefighting.

The initiative, as usual in such cases, came from the fire protection authorities of various levels and found its expression in proposals for improving the types, parameters and design of the PA. These proposals were submitted for discussion by the fire-technical community (in the form of publications and discussions on the pages of national and international professional publications).

Three circumstances can be distinguished, which were the prerequisites for the development of models of the "concept car - 2000":

complication of traffic conditions to the place of calling and extinguishing fires;
expanding the scope of the operational divisions of the fire protection;
reduction of financial resources aimed at the creation, acquisition and maintenance of the PA park in different countries Oh.

All the discussed concepts (many of which have already been implemented in the early years of the new century) can be summarized as follows.

Concept “ fire brigade- 2000 ”, developed by UK specialists. According to the concept, in the "fire department - 2000" a department consisting of 3 PA should go to the fire:
- automobile quick response(ADB) with a combat crew of 4 people;
- tank truck (AC) with retractable ladder, pump and rescue equipment;
- AC with a pump of 75 l / s and a tank of 2500 l.
Basic concept (concept of universal models). Developed by experts from the paramilitary and volunteer fire brigade in Germany. Has many similarities with the previous concept.
The addressing concept (the concept of differential models), assuming an addressable orientation of the firewall to a specific type and class of fire.
The “1 + 7” concept developed by the leaders of the Technical Committee for Fire Prevention and Fighting (CTIF). Assumes a change in the number of combat crew at the AC - from the formula (1 + 5) to the formula (1 + 7) in order to reduce the need for additional personnel when extinguishing fires.
The concept of "quick response", which is a fragment of the previously considered concepts (1 - 4). Provides for imparting the properties of "quick response" to middle class aircraft by increasing the dynamics of movement and the efficiency of deployment.
The concept of “super-layout”, which is a consequence of the problems associated with the constantly increasing traffic intensity and building density in cities (super-low, super-slim, super-dense PA).
A modular concept that is being further developed and improved (block-modular principle, the principle of trailed modules, removable superstructures, I0S-2000 modular system, which provides for an internal transformation of the body volume to accommodate equipment of various configurations).
The concept of a safe aircraft, which provides for two areas of ensuring the safety of an aircraft: the safety of personnel (1) and the safety of the environment (2).
The concept of increasing the fire extinguishing efficiency of PA. Constant searches are aimed at solving the main goal - extinguishing a fire in the shortest possible time with minimal losses. The acceptability of each conceptual solution is assessed from the standpoint of technical and economic efficiency. As an example, reference can be made to the increasingly widespread impulse fire extinguishing technology.
An “aluminum” concept related to the field of technology that significantly reduces the weight and increases the durability of the fire superstructure.

At the international exhibition "Interschutz-2000", held in the summer of 2000 in Augsburg (Germany), a number of firms presented their conceptual models of promising PA, which reflected fragments of the above concepts.

Ziegler presented a concept model 2000 (Ziegler-Concept Fire Truck) fire tanker middle class (gross weight about 14 t) on the chassis of Mercedes-Benz 1325 AF Atego (4 x 4), with a specific engine power of 17.5 hp / t. The combat crew of a tanker truck is (1 + 8), which corresponds to the CTIF concept (concept 4 from the above list) (Fig. 1).

RICE. 1. Conceptual fire truck (concept fire truck-2000) by Ziegler, Germany

Among the others distinctive features AC can be called:

the use of a combined driver's cabin and combat crew made of fiberglass;
a fiberglass tank with a capacity of 1600 liters;
application of two types of foaming agent: multipurpose (100 l) and for extinguishing class A fires (50 l);
use of a pump that meets both the DIN requirements (1600 l / min at 8 bar) and the European standard EN (2000 l / min at 10 bar), with a maximum flow rate of 3400 l / min at 8 bar;
placement of fire-fighting equipment in the body compartments according to their functional purpose: extinguishing - protection - rescue - technical assistance;
the presence of a foam generator for supplying air foam with a foam concentrate concentration of less than 1%;
retractable water foam barrel;
the use of a coil with an electric cable 50 m long to connect to a 220 V network;
application of a light mast with a pneumatic drive and two floodlights 2 x 1000 W;
placement of neon lamps along the upper contour of the body to illuminate the space around the car;
the use of flashing beacons built into the superstructure structure (4 pcs.), except for the main SGU, made in the form of a beam and located above the driver's cab.

In the accompanying prospectuses for this AC, the company proposes to discuss other proposals of specialists aimed at improving the proposed concept.

Independently of Ziegler, a similar conceptual model of the PA was created by Mercedes-Benz (chassis), Magirus (fire superstructure) together with fire department specialists from Hanover (Germany) (Fig. 2).

RICE. 2. A conceptual fire engine designed by Mercedes-Benz and IVECO Magirus in cooperation with the Hannover Fire Department (Germany) for the EXPO 2000

The vehicle with a gross weight of 16 tons is based on the Mercedes Econic 1828 chassis with a 280 hp engine. (power density 17.5 hp / t), equipped with an Allison automatic transmission, adjustable air suspension, ABS and other elements. The steered rear axle makes it easier to maneuver at the site of a fire and in traffic at speeds of up to 30 km / h: at higher speeds, the rear axle is locked for safety reasons.

The original layout with a front cab resembles a bus one (with a large glass area). The crew cabin is made separately from the driver's cabin and is integrated into the fire superstructure, which has already caused the disapproval of the firefighters.

The machine transports 2000 liters of water and 200 liters of foaming agent, is equipped with a pump with a capacity of 1600 l / min at 8 bar, and has a complete set of rescue equipment.

A number of structural elements are made in a very original way, which is the subject of a separate analysis.

6 samples of such a PA were manufactured for the protection of the EXPO-2000 World Exhibition in Hanover and subsequent trial operation. Based on the results of the trial operation, a decision will be made on the feasibility of further production of this concept car.

An example of implementation in production of the above “aluminum” concept (p. 10) is shown in Fig. 3.

This is a Rosenbauer fire engine with a modern layout and a number of progressive technical solutions. The design of this car has incorporated all the basic ideas about the fire engine of the beginning of the new century.

Considering the concept of creating a new generation of PA, the following circumstance should be noted.

Even a simple examination of prospectuses shows that there are significant, fundamental differences between PAs produced by firms in Europe and the United States. In fact, there are two opposite conceptual approaches to the creation of separate models and the formation of the PA park, which characterize the differences in the tactics of using technical means when extinguishing fires.

RICE. 3. Conceptual fire engine, created by AT-technology by Rosenbauer, Austria

Let's consider each of the approaches in more detail.

American approach

American manufacturers of PA have abandoned the concept of super-complex systems, which is becoming more and more popular in Europe, although by no means for reasons of technical impracticability.

Both firms working in this area and the US fire department have made a choice in favor of three main criteria that are decisive for the creation of a PA:

efficiency in extinguishing a fire of any complexity;
speed and efficiency in rescuing people;
reliability, safety and simplicity of the PA design.

Efficiency in extinguishing a fire, according to American experts, can be ensured by using PA, which are classified as “heavy” in Europe.

As a rule, these are long-wheelbase, large-sized PAs with an arrangement that is completely unconventional for European cars: a front cabin (and not a cabin above the engine), small overhang angles, a mid-position of the pump, and the placement of personnel with their backs in the direction of the vehicle. An example of the layout of such PAs is shown in Fig. 4.

The total mass of such vehicles is about 18 tons (two-axle) or 26 tons (three-axle vehicles), the specific power is not less than 20 hp / t.

Experts believe that with the city planning that was formed in the United States (wide, spacious avenues, convenient entrances to houses), the predominant use of powerful heavy PA is justified, since the efficiency of their movement is not limited.

Extinguishing efficiency is ensured by the use of powerful pumps: the flow rate of the most common pump in the United States is 1500 gpm (5678 l / min), which is 2.5 times higher than the rate of a similar European pump (2400 l / min).

RICE. 4. The traditional layout of the American fire truck for the city

The required degree of water dispersion is ensured by the introduction of very sophisticated manual and monitors with controlled spray into the package.

This combination of powerful pumps and sophisticated barrels should provide versatility to extinguish fires of any class.

Speed and efficiency in rescuing people is ensured by the use of universal ladders equipped with a pump with a flow of 1500 gpm (5678 l / min) and a tank capacity of 300 - 500 gallons (1135 - 1900 l) of water. In fact, such PAs can be classified as fire and rescue.

These PAs are very popular in the United States. For example, Darley's production program lists 6 models of similar vehicles, with lift heights ranging from 60 to 109 feet (18 to 33 m).

The fire monitor installed at the top of the stairs is designed for the maximum flow provided by the pump (5678 l / min), while for the corresponding European ALs this figure does not exceed 2000 l / min.

A stationary pull-out line with a diameter of 100 mm is designed for such a large flow. Naturally, the ladder knees are designed for this increased load.

Of course, such an AL concept ensures the efficiency of rescue operations, but their installation is possible again on a heavy-class chassis; accordingly, the maneuverability of such ALs at the fire site is limited.

The need to take into account the criterion of reliability, safety and simplicity of the PA design is substantiated by US specialists as follows.

Fire Truck - Challenging technical system... The more components in the system, the higher the likelihood of failures and disruptions, so the complexity of the design leads to a decrease in reliability.

In addition, fire is not the best working environment for thin electronic equipment, which European PAs are increasingly equipped with lately. By its very nature and functional purpose, such equipment requires higher qualifications on the part of personnel, both in operational use and in maintenance. If you have a similar technique special training staff and special technical service for maintenance are becoming a necessity, which is a big problem for the United States.

This is explained by the fact that many American fire departments are staffed with volunteers - dedicated, highly trained, but only as firefighters, and not specialists in the management and maintenance of complex technical systems.

This long tradition has created the need for simple, reliable and durable firefighting equipment with which PAs are equipped. The emphasis on simplicity and reliability of equipment is considered by US experts to be an extremely important factor, given also the difficult and dangerous conditions in which firefighters have to work: bad weather, high temperatures, poisonous smoke, icing, etc.

However, for all the importance of the above criteria, the problem of profitability is decisive in the development and implementation of the concept of creating a PA in the United States.

This means that a comparative economic analysis of two “competing” concepts in the United States takes into account the cost additional devices and the cost of paying their operators, comparing them with the real benefits of implementing a particular PA model.

It should be noted that the main trend in the United States is to integrate fire ladders into the structure of fire ladders, as appropriate. recent times and car lifts, on-board pumping systems, water and foam tanks, power generating sets and other elements. At the same time, the economic assessment of such a "tactical unit" is made according to a special article, because this installation performs different functions and serves different purposes than the classic European fire engines.

European approach

The main criterion on which the European concept of the creation of PA is based (Fig. 5) is as follows: under any circumstances, fire departments receiving a call for a fire must ensure the rescue of people, then organize extinguishing. And PAs smaller in size and weight, possessing higher mobility and maneuverability, in conditions of high traffic intensity and dense development of European cities are able to more quickly deliver to the fire site the forces and means to fulfill the tasks assigned to the fire brigade.

That is why the PA of European countries is dominated by PA of the light and middle classes, and heavy PA (the main tactical unit in the USA) are used mainly to protect fire hazardous facilities, as well as special PA, for which efficiency is not the predominant factor.

European manufacturers of PA do not consider it expedient to install heavy-duty pumping systems on urban PA, limiting themselves to using pumps with a flow rate of 2400 l / min or combined pumps on medium PA. Although the model ranges of pumping units produced by European firms are much wider: a specific type of pump is installed depending on the functional purpose of the PA (urban, facility, airfield, etc.).

RICE. 5. Layout of a new generation European fire engine (Rosenbauer tanker truck on MAN chassis)

In Europe, the concept of multifunctional PAs (similar to the American ones) has been developed, but it is under discussion and is not unambiguously supported fire brigade different countries. Nevertheless, such models are beginning to appear in the production programs of some companies (AC with a ladder, emergency rescue PA with a pump unit, etc.).

With the adoption of the European norms EN 1846 "Fire trucks", the structure of the standard size series of the PA is established by the normative means, therefore, the further development of their concept goes in the direction of improving the technical level of the PA - as operational Vehicle and technical means of extinguishing. It is rather difficult to consider these problems in more detail in the volume of a journal article.

However, two circumstances of a conceptual nature can be noted in this review: this is the constantly growing level of design of modern European PA and an increase in the degree of automation of control of units and PA systems, which fundamentally distinguishes them from American PA.

The latest models of PA, offered to the consumer by European firms, are equipped with very complex systems of electronic sensors, indicators, controls, as well as complex mechanisms, built-in elements of on-board diagnostics, ensuring fully automatic operation of the units and constant monitoring of their condition.

These technical solutions have become the norm for modern European PA, and firms are forced to organize training courses for operators who will work on such machines and service them. It is these circumstances that American experts consider unacceptable for the US fire department for the reasons given above.

At the same time, some convergence of the American and European concepts of the PA is outlined. Both concepts involve the use of first aid fire vehicles (the American version of the “First-Out” Attack, or PA of the first attack). The American firm Darley in the prospectuses of 2000 calls such a car “Millennium Models”. In Europe, the creation of a first aid car is stipulated by the EN 1846 standards.

In Europe, multifunctional vehicles are starting to be produced (as mentioned above), which is the main trend in the United States.

At the same time, the US fire department acquires (or organizes production in subsidiaries of European companies) such purely European PAs as Bronto articulated lifts, Magirus automatic ladders, Rosenbauer Corporation PA, which do not fit into the American concept.

The new concept car Conzept-bus-2000, created in Germany by the Hanover Fire Department in cooperation with the companies Mercedes and Magirus (Fig. 2), can rightfully be attributed to the product of two seemingly opposite concepts.

In conclusion, we should dwell on one more aspect of the problem under consideration.

In our country, the dominant ideology in the creation of PA is based on the use of commercial chassis for these purposes. trucks... With the intensity predicted at the beginning of the century road traffic PA on such chassis will be static, no different from other participants in the traffic flow.

Meanwhile, at the end of the last century, there was a tendency in the world to use special chassis for PA.

Analysis technical characteristics special chassis, which are supplied by automotive corporations to manufacturers of PA, allows us to conclude: the world has completed the transition to the production of new-generation chassis, which in many respects are superior to the replaced models. There is an explanation for this: the global automotive giants are dividing spheres of influence, and the production of models “from the past” only plays into the hands of competitors.

Firms and companies demonstrate novelties of the truck industry at international motor shows of commercial and special vehicles, which are held under the motto: "We are doing a prosperous business!"

Unfortunately, domestic manufacturers have not yet found their niche in this “prosperous business”: the technical level of our trucks as a basis for creating PA is radically inferior to the technical level of the corresponding products of foreign (leading and non-leading) firms. The prospects for the fact that domestic chassis, primarily of medium and heavy classes, will soon reach (in standard performance) the level of foreign ones are very problematic. Although there are hopes for the creation of special chassis for the PA.

Taking into account the analysis carried out in this article, the new ideology of production of domestic PA should be based on the implementation of the following decisions:

a) the use of special chassis for the creation of PA, the parameters of which are adequate to their functional purpose, namely: specific power not less than 20 hp / t; the maximum speed is not less than 100 km / h; increased braking efficiency due to the use of proven solutions: ABS, stability stabilizers, emergency release systems, etc.;

b) implementation of the principle of "superdense" layout, which was successfully tested in the course of work on a car-type AC, created in the last century by VNIIPO, VNIITE and the French company "Cides", and overall width, improve visibility from the driver's seat, maneuverability and other parameters. The implementation of these, as well as a number of other private solutions, will reduce the dynamic dimensions of the PA and ensure the conditions for its prompt and safe movement to the place of call;

c) carrying out work to increase the fire extinguishing efficiency of PA and a significant change in the traditional approach to the equipment of PA, with the inclusion of equipment for emergency rescue operations. Thus, prerequisites can be created for the modernization and structural reconstruction of the existing fleet of fire trucks in the country.