The concept of economic damage from fire. Destructive consequences of fires Direct indirect material damage from a fire
1. The concept of economic damage from fire. Direct and indirect damage.
2. Definition direct damage from the fire.
3. Determination of indirect damage and its components from fire.
4. Determination of the average annual damage from fires.
1. The concept of economic damage from fire. Direct and indirect damage.
According to the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia No. 760 dated December 10, 2008 "On the formation of electronic databases for accounting for fires (ignitions) and their consequences" (Appendix 2 "The procedure for filling out and passing the fire (ignition) record card"):
TO hazardous factors of fire affecting people and property include:
flames and sparks;
heat flow;
increased ambient temperature;
increased concentration of toxic products of combustion and thermal decomposition;
reduced oxygen concentration, reduced visibility in smoke;
TO associated manifestations dangerous factors fire relate:
fragments, parts of destroyed buildings, structures, structures, vehicles, technological installations, equipment, units, products and other property;
radioactive and toxic substances and materials trapped in environment from destroyed technological installations, equipment, units, products and other property;
removal of high voltage to the conductive parts of technological installations, equipment, units, products and other property;
hazardous factors of an explosion resulting from a fire;
impact fire extinguishing agents.
The procedure for accounting for fires and their consequences is determined by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia No. 714 dated November 21, 2008, which was approved and put into effect in January 2009.
Economic damage from fire- these are losses from the composition of the national wealth caused by the fire and estimated in monetary terms. By its structure, the economic damage from fire includes direct and indirect damage .
A correct definition of fire damage has great importance... Its value makes it possible to economically substantiate the effectiveness of fire safety systems, to outline the directions and conduct of research and development work, to assess the operational situation with fires, etc.
The generalized structure of economic damage from fire is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 - The structure of economic damage from fire
It follows from this figure that economic damage consists of two main components:
1) direct damage which in general can be interpreted as the amount of decrease in available property (estimated in monetary terms) due to the direct impact of hazardous fire factors and their associated manifestations, as well as the amount of measures taken to save people and material assets to extinguish the fire or to prevent its spread.
Direct damage is expressed in the destruction (damage) of property or its depreciation, in expenditures the owner to save property and put it in order after a fire and, as a rule, acts as a really observable primary damage:
2) consequential damage - these are losses that, as a rule, are associated with the consequences of a fire.
Consequential damage is consequence destruction (damage) of property or the impossibility of using it after a fire and acts derivative from direct damage.
They affect the efficiency of social production and negatively affect the amount of national wealth. These losses arise as a result of downtime of production facilities, interruptions in work, changes in the schedule of rolling stock and other lost benefits due to a fire. This also includes losses (in monetary terms) as a result of diverting resources to compensate for the consequences of a fire, establishing production activities, as well as the amount of harm caused to the life and health of citizens and the environment. Consequential damage mainly has mediated character, but its size often exceeds the direct damage.
In domestic practice, "indirect damage" is sometimes replaced by the term "additional damage". This is because this type of damage is complementary to direct damage. From this point of view, it can be considered that indirect damage should include all those losses (expressed in monetary form) that do not relate to direct damage.
Consequential fire damage
"... 2.3.2. Indirect damage from fire - estimated in monetary terms the costs of extinguishing and eliminating the consequences of a fire (including socio-economic and environmental), as well as the restoration of the object ..."
A source:
Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of June 30, 1994 N 332 "On approval of documents on state accounting of fires and their consequences in Russian Federation"(together with the" Instruction on the procedure for state statistical accounting of fires and their consequences in the Russian Federation ") (Registered in the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 07.19.1994 N 638)
Official terminology... Academic.ru. 2012.
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Fires cause not only great material damage but also moral, often lead to loss of life.
According to operational data, the situation with fires in the Russian Federation in 2003 was characterized by the following indicators:
· 239,286 fires were registered (7.9% less than in 2002);
· Direct material damage from fires amounted to 4167.9 million rubles. (21.8% more than in 2002);
· 19275 people died in fires. (3.2% less than in 2002), including 774 children (2.8% more than in 2002);
· 14058 people were injured in fires. (2.6% less than in 2002).
In 2003 in the Russian Federation daily there were 656 fires, in which 53 people died. and 39 people were injured, 183 buildings were destroyed by fire, 20 units. automotive equipment and 13 heads of livestock. Daily material damage amounted to RUB 11.4 million. (state statistical reporting).
Fire- uncontrolled combustion, causing material damage, harm to the life and health of citizens, the interests of society and the state.
Injured by fire a person who is killed or injured in a fire is considered.
Those killed in fire a person is recognized whose death occurred directly at the site of the fire or within three months (90 days) from the date of the incident from bodily injury (trauma) received as a result of exposure to hazardous fire factors, as well as secondary manifestations of hazardous fire factors.
Fire injured a person who has received bodily injury from exposure to hazardous fire factors, as well as secondary manifestations of hazardous fire factors.
Material damage from fire- the value of the destroyed and damaged material assets, the costs of extinguishing and eliminating the consequences of a fire, including the restoration of the object.
Material damage from fire consists of direct and indirect damage.
Direct fire damage- estimated in monetary terms material values destroyed and (or) damaged as a result of the direct impact of hazardous factors of fire, extinguishing agents, measures taken to save people and material values. Material values that can be restored to a condition suitable for use for their original purpose are considered damaged as a result of a fire; in other cases, the values are considered destroyed.
Consequential fire damage- estimated in monetary terms the costs of extinguishing and eliminating the consequences of a fire (including socio-economic and environmental), as well as the restoration of the object.
Direct material damage from a fire, regardless of the degree of its compensation, is subject to accounting.
Accounting for direct material damage from fires by federal authorities executive power, other legal entities are carried out on the basis of accounting documents of associations, enterprises, institutions, organizations where the fire occurred; information from insurance companies; extracts from decisions judiciary; documents of the owners of personal property.
Associations, enterprises, organizations, institutions where the fire occurred, insurance organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, are obliged to provide to the authorities, divisions, responsible employees of the relevant federal bodies executive branch, other legal entities documents confirming the amount of material damage caused by the fire.
V direct material damage from fires includes damage to real estate, fixed assets, working capital, personal property of citizens, securities.
Direct material damage as a result of destruction or fire damage to fixed assets is determined at the residual value taking into account the last revaluation minus the value of the residues.
Material damage as a result of the destruction of fixed assets by fire at the stages of unfinished capital construction and overhaul is calculated based on the volume of work performed.
Material damage as a result of the destruction (damage) of working capital by fire is determined by excluding from the cost of material assets at the accounting prices at the time of the fire of the cost of material assets left after it, plus the costs of rescuing and putting inventory in order.
The cost of products of our own production, including those at the stage of work in progress, is determined based on its initial cost and the cost of processing it, produced before the fire. Finished products, raw materials, materials and other material values (including low-value and wearing out items) located in warehouses (bases) are evaluated at wholesale, purchase prices, taking into account transport and procurement and storage costs, overhead costs and norms of natural loss at the time of the fire, and in retail- at retail prices.
Material damage as a result of the destruction (damage) of personal property of citizens by fire is determined on the basis of the documents of the owner, for the insured property - on the basis of data from insurance organizations for the estimated amount of damage, based on retail prices valid at the time of insurance (reinsurance), minus the value of the remaining property , suitable for further use.
In case of destruction by fire valuable papers, banknotes are taken into account material damage equal to their par value, except for securities that are in the manufacturing stage (in this case, material damage is accounted for at the cost of their production).
In cases of causing material damage in foreign currency, it is accounted for in the monetary units of the Russian Federation at the rate The central bank Russia at the time of its implementation.
Material damage from fires caused by an explosion is taken into account only in terms of damage from fires (the amount is established by the commission, which includes a representative fire department).
If, after a fire, the fixed assets located in its zone can be used for their original purpose, they are counted as salvaged.