Correct chronology in Rus'. What year is it really now? Calculation of the Slavs In the year 6370 from the creation of the world

The year 6360 from the creation of the world, or, as is believed, the 852nd year from the Nativity of Christ, is an important date in the history of Ukrainian lands. It is from that time that we can talk about the existence of Rus'-Ukraine. In the Tale of Bygone Years, chronology is calculated from this date and it is said that since then our land began to be called the Russian land. Translated it sounds like this:

“In the year 6360, index 15, when Michael began to reign, it began to be called... Russian land. And we learned about this [from the fact] that Rus' came to this emperor at Constantinople, as [George] wrote in the Greek chronicler. That’s why we’ll start from here and put down the number.” What follows is a broad chronology: it says which important events occurred from the creation of the world to the Nativity of Christ, and then from Christmas to the time of Emperor Michael III, then we're talking about about which princes ruled in Rus' from the time of Michael III to Yaroslav the Wise and Svyatopolk. It indicates how many years have passed from one event to another. However, the given chronology is not exact. The article under the year 6360 ends with these words: “But we will return to the previous one and tell you what happened in these years, how we began to be before - [in] the first year [of the reign] of Michael - and we will put the numbers [of years] in order.”

First, let us pay attention to the conceptual points in the above chronicle article. It highlights the following key events in chronology - the Nativity of Christ (which is quite understandable for Christians) and the reign of Emperor Michael III, which is interpreted as the beginning of Russian history and statehood. And although the author of this article refers to the Greek chronicle, in fact, the “Chronicle” of George Amartol, he probably adhered to the generally accepted ideas of ancient Russian intellectuals that it was in these times that one should look for the “beginning of Rus'”.

BYZANTINE EMPEROR MICHAEL III AND THE FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN STATE

Why did Emperor Michael III (840-867) become a key figure in Russian history for the chronicler? Of course, Grecophile sympathies made themselves felt here. However, the times of Emperor Michael III were truly important both for Rus' and for the Slavic world in general.

During the time of Michael III, the period of the iconoclastic crisis, which lasted from 711 to 843, ended. At this time, due to internal conflicts, the empire fell into decay. Mikhail III, or rather his comrades, had to get her out of this serious condition. Important role played by the co-ruler of Emperor Vardas, as well as one of the most prominent Byzantine scientists of that time, Photius, who on December 28, 858 became the Patriarch of Constantinople.

Vardas in 849 reformed the Magnavrian school in Constantinople, founded back in 425 by Emperor Theodosius. This school was turned into a university-type institution, which was called Pandidakterion. Some consider it the first European university. In the Pandidakterion, teaching was conducted in Greek and Latin, philosophy was studied, in particular the works of Plato and Aristotle, law, medicine and rhetoric. For some time, Constantine the philosopher, who is considered one of the “apostles of the Slavs,” worked here. Over time, the Pandidakterion became a religious type school, where great attention focused on theological issues.

Regarding Photius, he was known not only as a scientist. The famous German Byzantine scholar G. Ostrogorsky gives him the following description: “Photius was the most outstanding personality, the most capable and most resourceful diplomat among all who had so far been on the patriarchal throne in Constantinople.”

RUSSIAN CAMPAIGNS TO CONSTANTINOPLE

In our opinion, one point is connected with Photius, which is present in the cited chronicle article for 6360. There, in particular, it says that during the time of Michael III, Rus' came to Constantinople.

IN in this case there is no exact dating. However, it is known from Byzantine sources that in 860 or 861, when Emperor Michael III was on a campaign against the Arabs, the Russians surrounded the capital of Byzantium, plundered its outskirts, caused a lot of harm to the Greeks and calmly returned home with the booty. This campaign demonstrated the great military strength of the Russians and caused quite a stir both in Byzantium and beyond. To organize such a trip, an appropriate government organization. It was not for nothing that the ancient Russian chronicler associated the beginning of Rus' with this campaign. Patriarch Photius also wrote about this campaign in two of his conversations. There are mentions of it in other sources.

Obviously, this campaign forced the political elite of Byzantium to pay attention to the “Russian” and generally “Slavic” issue. Not without the sanction of Photius, at this time Constantine the philosopher found himself on a diplomatic mission in the Northern Black Sea region. His main task was to convert the Khazars, who dominated this region, to Christianity. Constantine’s trip to the Khazars and his disputes with Jewish and Muslim clergy are mentioned in the Pannonian Life of this Slavic Apostle, as well as in other sources.

It seemed that the Khazar mission had nothing to do with Rus'. But that's not true. The Khazar Kaganate at that time was not only the largest military-political attempt in the Northern Black Sea and Azov regions, it also tried to subjugate the East Slavic tribes, in particular the Polans, to its power. Having Christianized Khazaria, the Byzantines could make it their ally, bringing it into their sphere of influence. In this case, with the help of the Khazars, they could restrain the Russians from attacks on Byzantium.

It is difficult to say whether Constantine took any steps towards the Christianization of the Russians during the “Khazar mission”. A lack of sources makes it impossible to reproduce these events. There are both supporters and opponents of the idea that Constantine baptized the Rusyns. True, in the mentioned Pannonian Life we ​​find a message that he found in Korsun (Chersonese) a Gospel written in Russian characters. Regarding the “real language” of this Gospel, there are different opinions, but this mention in itself is interesting. Obviously, in Chersonesos, which was the largest Christian center in the Northern Black Sea region, attempts were made to Christianize the “barbarian” population and for this purpose religious texts were translated into the local dialect.

Another point that gives certain grounds to talk about the possibility of Constantine preaching among the Russian population is the “Speech of the Philosopher,” which is located in the “Tale of Bygone Years” and is attributed specifically to this figure. True, the “Speech...” was allegedly proclaimed before Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich, who lived a hundred years later than Constantine. However, is this not an echo of the “old memory” that Constantine proclaimed such a sermon before some pagan prince, for example Askold, who probably led the Russian campaign against Constantinople in 860 or 861?

Apparently in the early 60s. IX Art. The Byzantines failed to Christianize the Russians and pacify them. True, at this time the Christianization of other Slavic peoples. In 863, Constantine and his brother Methodius found themselves in the Great Moravian Empire, where they carried out Christianization local population. At the same time (863-864), the Christianization of the Bulgarians took place.

Apparently, around 866, the Russians, at least their military elite, also accepted Christianity. Some researchers believe that the adoption of Christianity by the Russians was associated with another campaign (this time unsuccessful) against Constantinople. In the Tale of Bygone Years we read the following: “In the year 6374 Askold and Dir went to the Greeks, and came [there] in the fourteenth year... of Michael the Caesar. And the Caesar... was on a campaign against the Hagarians. And when he reached the Black River, the eparch (the ruler of Constantinople - P.K.) ... sent him the news that Rus' was going to Constantinople. And the Tsar returned. And these [Russians] entered the middle of the Court, committed the murder of many Christians and surrounded Constantinople with two hundred ships. The Caesar barely entered the garden, and with Patriarch Photius in the Church of the Holy Mother of God, which is in Blachernae, they prayed all night. And then, having carried out the divine robe of the Holy Mother of God with singing, they dipped [it] into the sea. There was silence and the sea calmed. [And here] a storm with the wind immediately arose, and again large waves arose, and the ships of godless Rus' were scattered and driven to the shore, and washed them [so] that few of them got out of such trouble and returned to themselves.”

Based on dating, if we use the Constantinople chronology system, the events described above took place in 866. Indeed, this description seemed to synthesize the description of the various campaigns of the Russians at that time.

In our opinion, it is worth talking about two large campaigns of the Russians against Byzantium in the 60-70s. IX century, as given in the Tale of Bygone Years. The first occurred in 860 or 861 and, in fact, from it the “beginning of Rus'” began. As noted, Byzantine sources also spoke about this campaign. If we use not the Constantinople system (from the creation of the world to the Nativity of Christ in 5508), but the Alexandrian system of chronology (from the creation of the world to the Nativity of Christ in 5500), which, it seems, was used by our chroniclers when recording the beginning of our history, then 6360 the year when “the Russian land began to be called” actually falls on 860. Accordingly, the campaign recorded in 6374 falls not on 866, but on 874. Moreover, from the context of the “Tale...” one can understand that fourteen years have passed since the first campaign of Rus' during the time of Michael III. It can be assumed that there were other campaigns of the Russians against Byzantium, which did not have much publicity.

CHRISTIANIZATION OF Rus' IN THE 60s. 9th century

No matter how the issue of Russian campaigns against Constantinople was resolved, we can say that in the first half or mid-60s. 9th century they (more precisely, part of them) accepted Christianity. This is confirmed by the “District Epistle” of Patriarch Photius, written and sent out at the beginning of 867. But before citing the corresponding quotation, it is worth saying a few words about the context in which this message appeared. Patriarch Photius pursued an active church policy, which objectively contributed to the independence of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Roman papal throne and in the long term led to the division of Christianity. These events were preceded by the act of consecration of Charlemagne to the imperial throne by the Pope. This took place in 800, when Byzantium was in decline, in a state of “iconoclast crisis.” This consecration led to the creation of an alternative Holy Roman Empire to Byzantium. This violated the principle that had been established in recent centuries: one empire - one Christian church. With the creation of the Holy Roman Empire, supported by the Roman throne, one way or another the Byzantine Church would have to be distanced from Rome. This is what happened after the end of the “iconoclast crisis.” During the time of Patriarch Photius, the ecclesiastical conflict between Rome and Constantinople became completely obvious. The Patriarch tried to expand the influence of the Byzantine Church. Having actually lost his position in the Eastern Mediterranean, conquered by the Arabs, Photius sought to spread the ecclesiastical influence of Constantinople to the Balkans, the Northern Black Sea region and, in particular, to the Slavic peoples. The “Khazar mission” of Constantine, the mission of Constantine and Methodius to Great Moravia, as well as the baptism of Bulgaria in 864 are somehow connected with this. This, in turn, caused dissatisfaction on the part of the Roman throne, which also claimed to Christianize these territories. Patriarch Photius, for his part, began a theological discussion with Pope Nicholas I, condemning the filioque dogma, independently recognized by the Roman Church. To this end, preparations began in Byzantium for a church council, at which it was planned to discredit Nicholas I and the “Romans.”

It was in such conditions that Photius’s “District Epistle” appeared, where a call was made for church hierarchs to come to the council in Constantinople. It is quite natural that this message talked about successes in the Christianization of the Slavic peoples. In particular, it said: “And not only this people (Bulgarians - P.K.) replaced their previous wickedness with faith in Christ, but even the so-called Russians, known for their cruelties and murders, who, having enslaved the peoples that surround them, and because of this, becoming very proud, they raised their hands against the Roman state (Byzantium - P.K.). However, now they too have replaced the Hellenic (pagan - P.K.) and ungodly teaching, which they previously adhered to, with the pure Christian faith and kindly placed themselves among our subjects and friends, stopping to rob us and fight against us. And how inflamed was their desire and zeal for faith... that they received the bishop and the shepherd with great zeal and zealously accepted Christian teaching.”

Not without the fact that Photius sometimes expressed wishful thinking. And yet this was not just a figment of fantasy. The fact that the Russians adopted Christianity at that time is also confirmed by Konstantin Porphyrogenitus, who wrote in the middle of the 9th century.

Based on the above facts, we will try to reconstruct the “formation of Rus'”, as well as its baptism in the middle of the 9th century. Consequently, by that time the Russians had freed themselves from Khazar dependence and a relatively strong Russian state had emerged in the Dnieper region. The period of its formation coincided with the rise of Byzantium, which experienced an “iconoclastic crisis.” In 860 or 861, the Russians carried out a successful campaign against Constantinople. This forced Byzantine diplomacy to turn its attention to Rus'. Steps were taken to bring the young state into the sphere of Byzantine religious and ideological influence. In the mid-60s. 9th century The military-political elite of Rus' adopted Christianity and thanks to this, friendly relations were established with Byzantium. However, after the assassination of Emperor Michael III in 867 and the removal of Photius from the patriarchal throne, they cooled down and were even torn apart. In 874, Rus' again made a military campaign against Constantinople. True, this time it was unsuccessful. Byzantium, for its part, obviously intensified diplomacy in the Russian direction and carried out the “second baptism” of Rus'.

WAS THE CALLING OF THE VARYAGS “THE BEGINNING OF Rus'”?

As we see, “The Tale of Bygone Years” gives a completely understandable concept of the “emergence of Rus'”. And this concept is based not only on chronicles, but also on foreign, in particular Byzantine, documents. However, Russian imperial historiography decided to build a different concept, which was based on the legend about the calling of the Varangians Rurik, Truvor and Sineus to Novgorod. Under 6370, that is, 10 years after the “appearance of Rus',” the Tale of Bygone Years says that Novgorod, which could not restore order in its city, decided to call the Varangians to rule. And although the latter are called Russia in the “Tale...”, this looks like a later tendentious insertion. After all, the “Tale...” speaks about the Russian land ten years before.

Finally, in the “Tale...” the calling of the Varangians is not interpreted as the beginning of Russian statehood, but only as the beginning of the Rurik dynasty on Russian lands. The Varangian rulers came “ready-made,” that is, the Russian Slavs already had their own state structures.

In general, the “Varangian legend” does not look problem-free. It is practically based only on the message of “The Tale of Bygone Years” and is not supported by foreign sources. There is confusion regarding the first decades of Rurik rule and regarding the chronology of this event. In 1862, Tsarist Russia pompously celebrated the 1000th anniversary of Russian statehood, and this year Russia will celebrate the 1150th anniversary of this event. That is, it is believed that it happened in 862 from the Nativity of Christ. However, in ancient Russian chronicles there is no such date. The specified event dates back to 6370 from the creation of the world, which does not necessarily mean 862 from the Nativity of Christ. As already indicated, the first decades of the existence of the Russian state in the Tale of Bygone Years are dated not according to the Constantinople, but according to the Alexandrian chronology. At least, a comparison of the dates given there with the dates of well-known events that are recorded in the “Tale...” gives us reason to think so. Therefore, probably, the calling of the Varangians (if this event is not fictitious) took place not in 862, but around 870, that is, at a time when the Russian state not only existed, but loudly declared itself in the international arena.

CONCLUSIONS

Of course, the formation of Russian statehood is a complex process. Judging by archaeological and written sources, the beginning of this process dates back to the middle of the 1st millennium. He wasn't straightforward. The resettlement of peoples, the Avar invasion, and the formation of the Khazar Khaganate did not allow the settled Slavic tribes in the territories of modern Ukraine to create their own stable state formations. Only around 860 did such an opportunity arise. It was at this time that Rus' entered the international arena as a powerful state. And that’s when the world started talking about her.

The host of the page “History and “I”” is Igor SYUNDYUKOV. Phone: 303-96-13. Email address (e-mail):

For more detail, open the Calendar in a separate tab (window) and zoom in

Summer 7528 has arrived on the Russian Calendar.(this happened at 18 o'clock September 21, 2019“year” according to Christian calculation)

Few people know that modern “year calculation” was introduced in Rus' quite recently - in 1700.

This act was committed by Peter I, or rather the one whom. It was by Peter's decree that in the summer of 7208, according to the then current calendar, Russia abolished its native Calendar and switched to the current calendar, starting the countdown from 1700.

What is known about this?

Any calculation has a starting point from some SIGNIFICANT EVENT. For example, now 2019 YEAR (GOD - God) from the Nativity of Christ. Of course, our calendar, marked by Peter, also had a starting point.

The countdown began from the summer (year) called “STAR TEMPLE”, in which our ancestors won the Great Victory over Arimia, the land of the Dragon (present-day China), completed a long and bloody war, that is, CREATE THE WORLD. Obviously, the event was so important and significant that for 7208 years, until the reign of Peter I, Rus' lived under the sign of the Calendar, which begins its countdown from the CREATION OF THE WORLD IN THE SUMMER OF THE STAR TEMPLE, along which, at the time of this publication, there is 7528 summer.

It was possible to level this point of reference, make it abstract, and then erase it from human memory and official “history” by replacing the image of the word PEACE. Each of us knows that in the Russian language there are words that are homonyms, identical in spelling, but different in meaning. Our linguistics stubbornly ignores the explanation of the reasons for this strangeness - the origin of twin words that have different concepts. In fact, the secret is simple. Our original Initial Letter consisted of 49 letters. Among the initial letters that fell under the “reduction” and are now missing was the letter “i” (with a dot). The sound of the letters “and” “i” was almost the same, but the IMAGE of the letters was different. So the letter “I” had (and has now!) the image of UNION, UNITY, CONNECTION, . And the Letter “i” with a dot had the image of a “divine, universal ray” descending from the depths of the Universe to people. Accordingly, the word written as world- meant an alliance, an agreement, a STATE WITHOUT WAR. And the word is written like world– had the image of the universal World, the UNIVERSE. We know a slogan common in Soviet times that includes both words with different meanings: “Peace to the world!”, that is to the world universal - World without war

After the illegal seizure of power in Rus' by the pro-Western Romanov dynasty, a smooth but systematic destruction of our past began. Including chronology. First, the letter “i” in the word PEACE was replaced by the letter “i”, and “the creation of the world” gradually became associated with the creation of the Universe, and not with the establishment of peace after the war.

At the same time, on the frescoes and engravings that depicted the defeated Dragon by the Knight-Arius, the Dragon (the symbol of China-Arimia) was replaced by an abstract Serpent, and the Knight-Arius received the name George (which in Greek still means a tiller). Should we remind? that the tiller who cultivates the land is an Aryan, an Aryan? Nevertheless, St. George has remained the patron saint of farmers in most modern cultures.

The substitution of three important components of the image of the Great Victory - the word PEACE (without war) with the Universe, DRAGON (Chinese) with the rootless Serpent, and the name of the Russian Knight with the Greek George gradually transformed significant EVENT the countdown of our chronology into abstraction, “fantasy,” has deprived it of value in human memory. This allowed Peter, in the year 7208, to painlessly and without resistance replace our ancient calendar with the European one.

Everyone knows that on December 24, that is, 8 days before January 1, the entire Catholic world celebrates Christmas, the birth of the baby Jesus.

According to Jewish ritual, a Jewish boy must be circumcised strictly on the 8th day of birth. It is at this moment that he becomes involved in the agreement between the Jews and God Yahweh (Jehovah) and is included in the ranks of “God’s chosen people.” This means that the biblical character born on December 24th, the Jewish boy Jesus, is circumcised on the 8th day of birth, that is, January 1st.

Under Peter I, communication between the nobility was conducted primarily in Dutch and German languages, and the word God (Year), in these languages, means the word “God”.
It turns out that Peter I forced everyone to congratulate each other on the circumcision of the new Jewish god.

This joke of the “reformer” king has taken root in Russia so much that now people, without hesitation, congratulate others and themselves on the circumcision of an unknown Jewish boy, while installing Christmas trees at home - a tree that has long symbolized the path to the afterlife.

Today only Old Believers and some Internet users who are interested in the real Great Past of Rus'-Russia know about the celebration of the New Year.

However, the overwhelming mass of people who have lost their genetic memory and the original meaning of this expression continue to congratulate each other on the advent of the New Circumcised God, but not on the New Year, as it should be in Rus'.

5508 years of the worthy Past of the Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian peoples dissolved in the new Petrine History, in which we are given the very last place among all the peoples of the world.

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Some Calendars of previous years

summer 7527

At the First Ecumenical Council of Nicea in 325, the rule was established: to celebrate Easter on the first Sunday after the first spring full moon, and The celebration of the beginning of the church year will be moved to September 1, instead of March 1. The First Ecumenical Council (Σύνοδος) took place in the city of Nicaea under the Byzantine Emperor Constantine the Great. At the First Council of Nicaea in 325, 318 bishops were present, among them were: St. Athanasius the Great, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, James Bishop of Nizibia, Spyridon of Trimythous.

The counting of time used in Byzantium refers to the date Creation of the world by September 1, 5508 before our calendar (i.e. before the Nativity of Christ, or BC), therefore September 1 was celebrated in the Byzantine Empire as the beginning of the year. The Byzantine era was adopted by the Greeks in the 7th century.

In the 10th century having accepted Christianity and the Byzantine calendar from the Creation of the world, Ancient Rus' preserved until the end of the 15th century (until 1492) pre-Christian the spring celebration of the New Year is on March 1, and not on September 1, in the fall, as was customary in Byzantium. Before the adoption of Christianity in Rus', time was counted in spring years, and not in autumn, as was customary in Byzantium. The Old Russian system of chronology of the X-XIV centuries was carried out from the Creation of the world, and the beginning of the year was celebrated on March 1.

On coins of the X-XIV centuries, all millennium numbers were not indicated in the year. For example, indicating the year 207 meant 7207 from the Creation of the world. To transfer the year 7207 to the new chronology from the “Nativity of Christ”, the number “5508” should be subtracted. Therefore, a coin dated 207 dates back to 1699.

Prince Rurik "Summer 6370"

At the turn of the 14th – 15th centuries, records about September 1 as the beginning of the year appeared in ancient Russian chronicles. From now on New Year, began on September 1, its celebration was preserved in Russia until the famous royal Decree of Peter I of December 20, 7208 from the Creation of the world.

Tsarist Russia traded with many European countries, and in all trade agreements and contracts with Europeans it had to indicate dates according to the Gregorian calendar, while in Russia the Julian calendar was still in effect, adopted by the Decree of Tsar Peter I of December 20, 7208 from the Creation world, introducing chronology from the Nativity of Christ. Peter's decree was called: “ About the writing henceforth of Genvar from the 1st day of 1700 in all papers of the year from the Nativity of Christ, and not from the creation of the world.” The decree of Tsar Peter I ended with a prudent clause: “And if anyone wants to write both those years, from the Creation of the world and from the Nativity of Christ, freely in a row.”

According to the Decree of Tsar Peter I from December 20, 7208 From the Creation of the world, the Julian calendar was introduced in Russia, counting years from the Nativity of Christ. In order to switch to a new calendar with chronology “from the Nativity of Christ” it followed in the old calendar from the “creation of the world” from 7208 years subtract 5508 years.

The Decree of Peter I prescribed that after December 31, 7208 from the Creation of the world, January 1, 1700 from the Nativity of Christ would come, “from the birth of the Lord God and our Savior Jesus Christ.”

By decree of Peter I Russia switched to the Julian calendar in 1700 , who considered the Solar or astronomical year to be 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds long and New Year from January 1st. Russia's adoption of the Julian calendar greatly facilitated trade, cultural and scientific ties with Europe, although many European countries had already adopted the Gregorian calendar in the 16th and 17th centuries.

By his decree, Tsar Peter I ordered postpone celebration of the beginning of the year from September 1 to January 1.

The tsar’s decree ordered everyone to celebrate this event especially solemnly: “And as a sign of that good beginning and the new century, in joy, congratulate each other on the New Year... Along noble and thoroughfares, at the gates and houses, make some decorations from trees and branches of pine and spruce and junipers... to fire small cannons and rifles, fire rockets, as many as anyone has, and light fires.”

Tsar Peter I ordered to decorate the Gostiny Dvor building with spruce and pine branches, and government people and the boyars were ordered to wear European dress for the holiday. The first Christmas tree in Moscow was also erected on New Year's Eve 1700 on Red Square; as a sign of fun, a festive New Year's fireworks display, cannon and rifle salutes were arranged for the people.

About the Scythian monk Dionysus the Less.

The adoption of a new era, counting from the birth of Christ, was proposed Pope John I ( from 523-526), on whose instructions his archivist, monk, Dionysius the Lesser (Egzegius -exiguous - small) in 525 carried out calculations of the days of celebration of Christian Easter and compiled a table of Easter calculations for 95 years.

The Scythian monk Dionysius had absolutely no information about the exact time of the birth of Jesus Christ; this date was accepted by him conditionally. Dionysius calculated the year of Christ's birth through calculations that had nothing to do with science. Dionysius did not know zeros. In 1202, Europeans were introduced to Arabic numerals and the mathematical concept of “zero” from the Arabs. ABOUT -

It is impossible to represent “zero” in Roman numerals. - X- 10, or LX -60, or CXX -120, and zero -?

According to the calculations of Dionysius the Lesser, Jesus Christ was born on December 25, 753 years after the founding of Rome. The Scythian monk Dionysius called the 753rd year from the founding of Rome the first year after the Nativity of Christ (Anno Domini).

Dionysius the Less recorded the dates of Easter days in the years of the era “from the birth of Christ” and in the months of the Julian calendar, universally accepted in the Roman Empire. The Paschals of Dionysus or Easter tables made it much easier for Christians to calculate the date of Easter.

Calculations Scythian monk Dionysius Small ones have been used by the Roman Church since 533, when the chronology of the new era was introduced.

The Age of Dionysus is the counting of years from the Nativity of Christ. The Magi - in Greek “magicians” - came to the cradle of the born Baby Jesus Christ. In evangelical times, magicians (Magi) throughout the entire Roman Empire and the East were called, namely, Persian priests, followers , since the Greek language does not have the sound “Ш”, his name in Greek is Zoroaster - "Son of the Star". Researchers believe that Persian magicians, priests and interpreters of the holy book visited Bethlehem proto-Aryan Avesta, followers of Zoroaster.

Era of Dionysius or the chronology from the Nativity of Christ spread in Western Europe startingfrom 6th century , and by the 19th century it was accepted in all Christian countries and many non-Christian countries.

2017-12-17