Interaction between the access system and fire alarm system. ACS and restrictions on fire safety requirements in schools and universities Unlocking ACS doors in case of fire

According to the requirements of 123-FZ " Technical regulations about the requirements fire safety", Article 84, paragraph 1, subparagraph 5

1. Notifying people about a fire, managing the evacuation of people and providing them safe evacuation in case of fire in buildings and structures must be carried out in one of the following ways or a combination of the following methods:

5) remote opening of door locks emergency exits;

The facility has an automated control system installed, which includes manual call points (IPR).

Will pressing the IPR be a remote opening?

In accordance with clause 35 of the Rules fire protection regime V Russian Federation(approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 04/25/2012 N 390 “On the fire safety regime”) (as amended on 04/06/2016) locks on the doors of emergency exits must ensure the possibility of their free opening from the inside without a key.

The head of the organization at whose facility a fire has occurred provides fire departments with access to enclosed spaces for the purpose of localizing and extinguishing the fire.

In accordance with clause 4.2.7 SP 1.13130.2009 "Systems fire protection. Evacuation routes and exits" (as amended on December 9, 2010) the doors of emergency exits from floor corridors, halls, foyers, lobbies and staircases should not have locks that prevent their free opening from the inside without a key.

In accordance with clause 5, part 1, article 84 Federal Law dated July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (as amended on July 3, 2016) notifying people about a fire, managing the evacuation of people and ensuring their safe evacuation in case of fire in buildings and structures must be carried out in one of the established ways or a combination of established methods, including remote opening of emergency exit door locks.

In accordance with clause 3.3 of SP 3.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Warning and evacuation control system for people in case of fire. Fire safety requirements", the warning and evacuation control system for people (SOUE) must be turned on automatically from a command signal generated by an automatic installation fire alarm or fire fighting.

In accordance with GOST R 53325-2012 "Fire fighting equipment. Technical means fire automatics. General technical requirements and test methods" (rev. November 6, 2014) the automatic fire alarm installation (AUPS) includes fire control devices (FCU).

Fire control device; PPU: a technical device designed to control actuators of automatic fire protection equipment and monitor the integrity and functioning of communication lines between the PPU and actuators (clause 3.48 of GOST R 53325-2012).

In accordance with clause 7.1.4 of GOST R 53325-2012, according to the control object, PPUs are divided into:

Alarm control devices (SOED);

Engineering control signal generation devices, technological equipment and other devices involved in ensuring fire safety.

In accordance with clause 7.4.1 of GOST R 53325-2012, PPUs must ensure the following functions:

d) switching on (start) actuators fire protection systems in automatic mode and providing the necessary algorithm for their operation, taking into account the parameters of controlled signals;

e) switching on (starting) the actuators of fire protection systems separately in each direction in manual mode in the following ways:

Using the PPU controls;

Using a remote start device (RDP).

The PPU must provide for the possibility of using both methods of switching on (starting) actuators of fire protection systems separately in each direction.

Remote start device (RDD): a component of a block-modular PPU, designed for manual start of fire protection systems (fire extinguishing, smoke removal, warning, internal fire-fighting water supply etc.), made in the form of a structurally designed toggle switch button, switch or other means of switching, and providing interaction with the PPU via a communication line (clause 3.65 of GOST R 53325-2012).

In accordance with clause 7.4.6 of GOST R 53325-2012, the requirements for UDP are similar to the requirements for manual fire call points of class B. The color of the UDP must be different from red. Instead of the “House” symbol, the inscription “Start fire extinguishing”, “Start smoke removal”, etc. should be printed on the front surface of the UDP. It is allowed to combine UVOA and UDP in a single design while maintaining appearance part of the structure that performs the function of the UDP.

Article 146 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (as amended on 07/03/2016) and by the Government of the Russian Federation of March 17, 2009 N 241 (as amended on 08/09/2016) " On approval of the list of products that, in order to be placed under customs regimes providing for the possibility of alienation or use of these products in accordance with their purpose on the customs territory of the Russian Federation, are subject to mandatory confirmation of compliance with the requirements of the federal law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" list approved fire safety means subject to mandatory confirmation of compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements".

This list includes fire automatic equipment, including fire alarm and fire alarm and fire alarm control and alarm devices, fire detectors, including manual ones.

Accordingly, a remote start device (RDD) is subject to mandatory certification.

Accordingly, in order to ensure unhindered and timely evacuation of people in case of fire from a building equipped with an access control system (ACS), as well as in order to ensure access of fire departments to enclosed spaces for the purpose of extinguishing a fire, the following fire safety requirements must be met:

1. At all emergency exits (doorways) from premises, staircases, corridors (halls, foyers) and buildings equipped with electromagnetic locks with readers, it is necessary to place certified remote start devices (RDDs), which provide manual opening of locks (disabling electromagnetic locks) of emergency exit doors.

For example, a green UDP with the inscription “Evacuation exit” on the front surface

In accordance with clause 4.12.1.1 GOST R 53325-2012 IPR class "B" (in in this case UDP) must be activated after performing two actions:

Providing access to the drive element by destroying or displacing the protective element designed as a drive element according to class A;

Subsequent manual activation of the drive element.

In accordance with clause 4.12.1.4 of GOST R 53325-2012, IPR class “B” (in this case, UDP) must remain in the “Fire” notification transmission mode after the impact on the drive element has ceased.

In this case, it is allowed to seal the UDP.

For example,

At emergency exits (doorways) from premises and buildings equipped with electromagnetic locks without installing readers inside the premises, it is allowed to place illuminated unlocking buttons that provide manual opening of locks (disabling electromagnetic locks) of emergency exit doors.

For example,

2. It is also necessary to ensure remote opening of locks (disabling electromagnetic locks) of all doors of emergency exits in automatic mode from a command signal generated by an automatic fire alarm installation, including from a signal generated by manual fire detectors (IFR).

3. It is necessary to ensure remote opening of locks (disabling electromagnetic locks) of all doors of emergency exits in manual mode using the controls of console terminal devices (PPO) located at a centralized monitoring point or in a room with personnel on duty around the clock.

4. Electrical receivers of the access control system (ACS), integrated into the warning system and management of evacuation of people in case of fire and the automatic installation of fire alarms or fire extinguishing, must belong to electrical receivers of category I of power supply reliability and comply with the requirements of SP 6.13130.2013 "Electrical equipment. Fire safety requirements" .

Additionally possible in voluntarily use the measures specified in GOST 31471-2011 "Interstate standard. Emergency devices for opening doors of evacuation and emergency exits. Specifications", but only to the extent that does not contradict the current regulatory legal acts Russian Federation on fire safety and regulatory documents on fire safety*.

________________

* Currently, regulatory documents on fire safety include codes of practice and national standards included in:

A list of documents in the field of standardization, as a result of which, on a voluntary basis, compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”, approved by Order of Rosstandart dated April 16, 2014 N 474 (as amended on February 25, 2014) is ensured. 2016);

Scroll national standards, containing rules and methods of research (testing) and measurements, including rules for sampling, necessary for the application and implementation of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" and the implementation of conformity assessment, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 10, 2009 N 304 -r (as amended on June 11, 2015).

M.O. Kulyas
Expert, Ph.D.,
Research Center "FORS"

Let's consider the algorithms for the operation of simple access points built on the basis of doors. Despite the apparent ease of the task, equipping doors with access control systems raises many questions among novice specialists.

How ACS works - basic algorithm

To identify people in access systems, a unique personal attribute is required:

material carrier of the code – plastic card, keychain;
memorized code;
biometric information.

Each unique attribute (code) in the system database corresponds to information about the card owner and his access level. Identification using material media has become most widespread. To ensure access through the card, the access control system has three mandatory elements:

electrically controlled lock - based on an external signal, keeps the door closed or, conversely, opens it for passage;
reader – a device that provides reading of the code stored in the card memory;
access controller – a device that makes decisions and controls other components.

The general algorithm for ACS operation in normal mode looks like this:

The user presents the identifier (holds the card to the reader).
The unique card code is sent to the controller.
The controller analyzes the received code for its presence in the database and checks the user's access rights.
If identification is successful, the controller sends a signal to the lock and the door is unlocked.
The user opens the door and enters the room.
The door closes, the lock is re-locked and the system returns to its original state.

Two door ACS schemes

Based on the above algorithm, more complex methods of access control are built. But first, let’s look at the two main diagrams of passage points of the “Door” type (Fig. 1).

Let's consider a standard ACS controller working with two readers. Access to the premises can be organized with control of access rights either at the entrance and exit, or only at the entrance. In the first case, the door is equipped with two readers and one access controller. The second scheme involves installing the reader only outside and controlling access rights at the entrance - exit is performed by pressing a special button located inside the room. In this case, the controller can control two doors at once, which significantly reduces the cost of the system.

To fully implement the main access algorithm, the controller needs information about the current position of the door. For this purpose, the door is equipped with a magnetic contact sensor. The presence of a sensor allows you to determine whether the door was opened and whether the user entered the control zone. IN simple cases When a facility needs to control passage through only one door (for example, at the entrance to an office), it is enough to install a controller, readers and a lock, and enter all cards issued to users into the controller’s memory. If there are many access points in the system, complex access algorithms, working time tracking, various work schedules and other functions of modern access control systems are used; doors are necessarily equipped with position sensors, controllers are networked, and equipment configuration and card operations are performed from a personal computer - the system server.

Access algorithms

Features of the access mode at various objects have led to the emergence of several common access algorithms.

Entry and exit by card
This algorithm requires two readers - one installed outside and the second indoors. After presenting the card, the controller analyzes the user's credentials. If access is allowed, the controller turns on the relay that controls the lock, and the lock opens. Then, when the door sensor is triggered, the system registers the event “Regular Entrance” or “Regular Exit” indicating the code of the presented card or the user’s last name.

If the card's credentials do not allow passage, the controller sends an "Access Denied" event to the server. All events generated by the controllers are recorded in the electronic ACS protocol indicating the time, date, and code of the presented card. The algorithm is applicable at any facility where strict recording of entry and exit events for each employee is required.

Login by card, exit by button
Only one reader is required for each door. Rights verification is performed upon entering the premises, and the operation of the system is completely similar to the previous algorithm. To exit the room, the user presses a button installed next to the door and connected to the controller. The door opens without checking permissions, and the event “Regular exit by button” is recorded in the protocol.

Since the card is not presented upon exit, the system cannot determine whether a specific person is in the control zone or has left it. This feature of the algorithm allows it to be used only in places where it is not necessary to know the exact location of the user. A typical application is indoor office space not covered by a time and attendance system.

Passage by multiple person rule
Otherwise, pass through several cards. At some facilities with a special access regime, the “multiple person rule” is used, when one person cannot be in the room - only two or three people are allowed to enter. The controller sequentially checks all presented cards and, if identification is successful, allows entry. Leaving the room is done in the same way.

Access using card and PIN code
It is used in facilities with increased access control requirements, usually in interior spaces. To implement the algorithm, readers equipped with a keyboard are used. To enter, the user must enter their PIN code and then present their access card.

Passage under duress
Type of pass by PIN code – special treatment, the meaning of which is that the user who opens the door under threat of violence can enter a modified code. Instead of the “Regular entry/exit” event, the security post will receive an alarm event “Entry/Exit under duress”.

Passage using a card and biometric sign
The access point circuit uses a biometric reader combined with a card reader. The user presents the card and then places their finger on the reader. The biometric reader analyzes the fingerprint using its own database and, in case of successful identification, transmits the code of the presented card to the controller, who makes a decision on granting access.

Escorted entry and confirmed entry
Escorted and confirmed access algorithms are used for visitors, who can only move around the facility if accompanied by an authorized employee. The visitor presents the access card first, then the accompanying person presents the card.

If the second card has the “Right to accompany” authority, then after opening the door, both users are considered to have passed. If the second card has the “Right to confirm access” authority, then only the visitor is considered to have passed.

Passage with confirmation by a security officer
This mode of operation is often used at the entrance to the office and works in conjunction with the photo badging (photo identification) function. The security post is equipped with an access confirmation button connected to the controller. After presenting the card, the controller generates a “Confirmation required” message, which appears on the security officer’s monitor along with the user’s photo taken from the ACS database.

The security officer compares the card bearer's appearance with the photo and presses the confirm button. The use of television cameras makes it possible to apply this algorithm to those remote from the security post. interior spaces object.

Practical implementation of ACS

Having completed the review of algorithms, we will consider the features of implementing ACS based on doors. In Fig. Figure 2 shows a typical diagram used to control the door. The circuit contains a controller, an electromagnetic lock, two readers, a passage sensor, a power source and additional control buttons.

The readers are connected to the controller via standard scheme(usually Wiegand interface). The electromagnetic lock is connected to the normally closed contacts of the relay, and in standby mode the lock is energized - it holds the door. A protective diode is installed parallel to the lock, which shunts the voltage pulse that occurs on the winding when the power is turned off. The door position sensor is connected to a special signal input. For reliable closing, the door is equipped with a mechanical closer.

The emergency release button is used to open the door in an emergency. This button simultaneously breaks the power supply circuit of the lock and changes the state of one of the controller inputs, due to which the “Unlock button pressed” event is generated. This event is recorded in the protocol. A group unlock button with similar functions is installed at the security post. In addition, the doors are unlocked automatically in the event of a fire when a signal is received from the fire alarm system.

In addition to the functions of the access control system, the controller provides security for the premises. Loops with detectors are connected to its security inputs. Arming is done using access cards or automatically - upon exit last employee from the premises.

Power supply for controllers and locks
It is necessary to take into account the significant current consumption of electromagnetic locks in the holding mode, and electromechanical ones in the opening mode. The power source must have redundancy so that in the event of a network outage, the ACS continues to operate and the doors remain closed.

Location of locks
Electromagnetic locks must be installed on the inside of the door to protect against unauthorized access to the lock itself and its power circuits. In the case where the door opens inwards, this may require the manufacture of non-standard lock fastenings.

Protective diode in the lock circuit
A common mistake installers make is the lack of a protective diode. A voltage surge of up to several hundred volts on the lock winding during switching causes sparking at the relay contacts. The consequence is rapid failure of the relay.

Door closer
The presence of a door closer on a door equipped with an access control system is mandatory! Only in this case will the door be guaranteed to lock after the user has passed through.

Emergency exit button
The absence of an emergency exit button can lead to a situation where people find themselves locked out of the room, for example, if the controller fails. In this case, only forced opening of the electromagnetic lock circuit can save the situation. If electromechanical locks are used in the room, they must have a means of forced unlocking (or a key located in the room in a sealed box).

Installation of readers
If the external wall of the room is less than 10 cm thick and the readers are installed on two sides opposite each other, then presenting a card may cause them to trigger simultaneously. This will lead to incorrect operation of the system. The problem can be solved by spacing the readers in the plane of the wall by 10–20 cm.

The publication discusses the key features of the logic and circuit implementation of the described algorithms. The author hopes that the information provided will be useful to specialists mastering the intricacies of designing and operating access control systems.

ACS is one of the important components of security, including anti-terrorism security, including the use of such systems as part of the implementation of federal and regional programs " Safe school". The active use of access control systems is also typical for business centers, administrative buildings of government bodies, sensitive facilities, etc.

Evgeniy
Meshalkin

Vice-President for Science of NPO "Pulse", Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Doctor of Technical Sciences.

Nikolay
Vantyakshev

Project Manager of NPO "Pulse"

The greatest problems with installing access control systems arise in practice in buildings educational organizations(OO), especially in schools, when supervisory authorities, when checking readiness at the beginning of the school year, order the dismantling of already installed access control systems due to their non-compliance with fire safety requirements. In this article we will look at this problem using an example standard projects buildings of secondary schools.

The main purpose of using ACS is to control access to a building, structure as a whole or to a certain part of it ( office premises banking institutions, authorities social protection etc.), including regulation of access of visitors using guest (one-time) passes, as well as identification of a person with access to a given territory, recording of working and (or) study time, etc. To achieve these goals, access control systems are installed, as a rule, at the entrance node of the building (lobbies, foyers) at the level of the first floor, less often - on other floors if the requirements differ access control for organizations located in the same building.

Specifics of lobby equipment

According to construction and architectural terminology, the lobby is a room of a fairly large area as part of the entrance node to the internal parts of the building, intended for receiving and distributing the flow of employees (visitors). At the same time, for thermal protection, vestibules, including double ones, are usually installed at all external entrances to the lobby, both for direct (through) passage into the building, and sideways, that is, with a turn. Given such requirements, it is natural that ACS is installed not in the doorways of the entrance to the building, but in the entrance vestibule (foyer) with the installation, as a rule, of 1–2 turnstiles and using design solutions (removable or sliding fences) that prevent unauthorized entry of people into the building. It should be taken into account that there are no design standards for the area of vestibules (foyers) in SP 118.13330, as well as requirements for their parameters in SP 1.13330.2009.

Conflicting regulatory requirements

In school buildings with no more than 3-4 floors, ACS is a way to control entry and exit while students are not only in the building, but also in the surrounding area, as well as for transmitting information to relatives after classes are completed. The schools educate three age groups of children: primary (grades 1–4), middle (grades 5–9) and senior (grades 10–11); at the same time, among the students there may also be children belonging to groups with limited mobility (MGN), the safety requirements for which are established by SP 59.13330.2012.

For such buildings, according to SP 1.13130.2009 and SP 118.13330, each floor must have at least two dispersed exits to the staircases, which at the level of the first floor have access, as a rule, directly outside or also through the corridor and vestibule (foyer), which require Part 3 of Art. 89 FZ-123 and the above-mentioned joint ventures. In many standard school designs, the number of staircases is 3–4, of which 1–2, in addition to directly exiting outside, have access through the corridor to the vestibule (foyer) and then outside through the entrance node.

The restriction on the use of access control systems in the lobbies (foyers, halls) of the first floors of educational organizations (schools, technical colleges, universities) is caused by a discrepancy (contradiction) in Part 7 of Art. 89 FZ-123 and clause 36 "a" of the "Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation" (PPR). It should be noted that the PPR is normative legal act, subject to mandatory application in accordance with Part 2 of Art. 4 FZ-123, but it does not fit into the system technical regulation according to Federal Law-184, since it contradicts Part 3 of Art. 7 of this Federal Law.

So, according to the requirements of Part 7 of Art. 89 FZ-123, “in the openings of emergency exits it is prohibited to install sliding and up-and-down doors, revolving doors, turnstiles and other objects that impede the free passage of people.”

The requirements of paragraph 36 "a" of the "Fire Regulations" (FPR) are set out in more general view and contradict the above, namely: “when operating evacuation routes, evacuation and emergency exits, it is prohibited to: install thresholds on evacuation routes (except for thresholds in doorways), sliding and up-and-down doors and gates, revolving doors and turnstiles, as well as others devices that prevent the free evacuation of people." For buildings and structures in use, one should be guided by essentially similar requirements of clause 6.10 of SNiP 21-01-97: “Exits are not evacuation if sliding and up-and-down doors and gates are installed in their openings... revolving doors and turnstiles.” In this formulation, the concept of “escape route” is the main difference between PPR and FZ-123, which can practically make it impossible to use access control systems in buildings. This is confirmed by the concepts of Art. 2 FZ-123:

“Evacuation exit is an exit leading to an evacuation route, directly outside or to a safe zone” (for the first floor, according to paragraphs “c” and “e”, Part 3, Article 89 of the Federal Law-123, exits also include exits through the vestibule (foyer ), that is, through those premises where access control systems are most often installed);
“Evacuation route (escape route) is a path of movement and (or) movement of people leading directly outside or to a safe area, meeting the requirements for the safe evacuation of people in case of fire,” that is, the evacuation route in the form of a corresponding section may also include a vestibule (foyer ), where the ACS is installed).

At the same time, for buildings with MGN locations, including schools, in accordance with the requirements of clause 5.1.4 of SP 59.13330, entrance doors must have a clear width of at least 1.2 m, and according to clause 6.1.8 of the same SP " if there is control at the entrance, access control devices and turnstiles with a clear width of at least 1.0 m, adapted for the passage of disabled people in wheelchairs, should be used (obviously, this means installing access control systems in the entrance doors! - author's note). In addition to the turnstiles, a side passage should be provided to ensure the evacuation of disabled people in wheelchairs and other categories of people with disabilities. The width of the passage should be taken as calculated." It should be taken into account that this requirement from 07/01/2015 is also subject to application on mandatory basis, according to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 26, 2014 No. 1521.

It can be concluded that with regard to the use of access control systems, a unique situation has arisen where the requirements of Federal Law-123, PPR, SNiP and SP 59.13330, which are subject to mandatory application, actually contradict each other.

Solutions

To avoid controversial issues in the regions between public organizations and supervisory authorities, for operating school buildings, using the example of several standard building designs, draft solutions for installing access control systems (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) were proposed, and corresponding requirements were developed, which can be considered as component a set of necessary engineering, technical and organizational measures to ensure fire safety (KIM), which allow the measures regarding, for example, dismantling of access control systems contained in the order based on the results of the inspection, to be considered completed (clause 48.1 Administrative regulations, approved by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 28, 2012 No. 375 as amended by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated December 27, 2013 No. 844).

It was taken into account that the requirements of paragraphs. 4.2.1–4.2.7, 8.1.13, 8.1.20–8.1.22 SP 1.13130 establish geometric parameters (dimensions, m) for: doorways (height and width), corridors (height and width), flights of stairs (width , height) and platforms (width); the distance from the doors of the most remote rooms to the exit outside or to the staircase; horizontal sections of the escape route (height and width).

Requirements for the geometric parameters (dimensions) of vestibules, halls and foyers relate only to clause 4.3.4, which establish its height of 2 m and width of at least 1 m, and also taking into account their geometry, it was possible to freely carry a stretcher with a person lying on them. them as a person.

Proper installation of an access control system

To organize an access control system in the vestibule, hall or foyer of the first floor of a school building, taking into account the requirements of Part 7 of Art. 89 FZ-123, clause 6.10 SNiP 21-01-97 and the conditions of clause 4.3.4, the following should be provided:

at a distance of at least 1.5 m from the doorway of the entrance to the lobby, parallel to the plane of these doors, there should be a swing gate or an easily removable fence with a width of at least the width of the doorway of the entrance to the lobby, but not less than 1.2 m;
In addition to the turnstiles, there is a side passage to ensure the evacuation of people with disabilities in wheelchairs and other categories of people with disabilities. The width of the passage should be taken according to calculation (recommended at least 1.2 m in clearance);
carrying out calculations to assess fire risk with modeling of at least three fire scenarios to select the most dangerous of them;
Algorithm of the APS operation, when the addressable fire detector detects the presence of a controlled dangerous factor fire (smoke) and transmits information to the system control panel, which generates a command signal for:
- activation of the warning system and management of evacuation of people in case of fire (not lower than type 3);
- turning on evacuation (emergency) lighting along evacuation routes;
- automatic or manual unlocking technical means for the passage of people (turnstiles);
- automatic or manual unlocking of electromagnetic locks of staircase doors at the exits from the building to the outside, swing gates and (or) fastening points of easily removable sections of technical means of prohibiting (restricting) the passage of people (fences), which ensures the unhindered passage of evacuees through emergency exit openings, including entrance node of the vestibule (hall, foyer).

Thus, the specified technical requirements and draft solutions do not contradict the requirements of Federal Law-123 and regulatory documents on fire safety, do not worsen the conditions for evacuation of people from a building in case of fire (normative and design values of the parameters are observed) and can be freely used in schools, which is confirmed by letters from the Federal State Budgetary Institution EMERCOM of Russia and DND EMERCOM of Russia.

The main task in the event of a fire is to evacuate people from the building. Therefore, the fire alarm system necessarily provides for the presence of a certain number of emergency exits. Emergency fire doors normally remain locked at all times. In case of emergency they open easily. To do this, use the door opening buttons.

Operating principle

The emergency door open button, when pressed, breaks the electric lock circuit. Typically, a fire door cannot be opened from the outside because it is not designed to do so. Fire alarm maintenance requires that all emergency exits must be equipped with such unlocking devices.

To protect against inadvertent pressing, the button is covered with a plastic cover or glass insert. If a fire occurs, you need to lift the lid (this breaks the seal) or squeeze out the glass, then press the button. Depending on the operating principle of the electric lock, after the button is activated, voltage is either supplied to it or switched off. The glass plate must be replaced and the cover lowered and sealed again.

Using the unlock button is very simple and does not require any prior skills. Anyone can open the door this way.

As an alternative, automatic unlocking can be used when a signal is given from the central control panel, as well as using a special key.

Installation Features

The unlock button is installed in a mortise (in a recess in the wall) or overhead (using a mounting box) method. The first option is more preferable because it ensures better safety of the device. If installation using the mortise method is not possible, use the second option.

The button must be located in a visible, accessible, well-lit place. Such devices are designed to operate in different temperature ranges. Therefore, they can be installed in unheated rooms or near heat sources.

For better visibility, the devices are painted in bright colors: red, yellow, blue, green.

No similar news found.

ACS is one of the important components of security, including anti-terrorism security, including the use of such systems as part of the implementation of the federal and regional Safe School programs. The active use of access control systems is also typical for business centers, administrative buildings of government bodies, sensitive facilities, etc.

Evgeniy
Meshalkin Vice-President for Science of NPO "Pulse", Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Doctor of Technical Sciences.

Nikolay
Vantyakshev Project Manager of NPO "Pulse"

The greatest problems with installing ACS arise in practice in the buildings of educational organizations (EOs), especially in schools, when supervisory authorities, when checking readiness at the beginning of the school year, order the dismantling of already installed ACS due to their non-compliance with fire safety requirements. In this article we will look at this problem using the example of standard designs of secondary school buildings.

The main purpose of using access control systems is to control access to a building, structure as a whole or to a certain part of it (office premises of banking institutions, social security authorities, etc.), including regulating access of visitors using guest (one-time) passes, as well as person identification having access to a given territory, recording working and (or) study time, etc. To achieve these goals, access control systems are installed, as a rule, at the entrance node of the building (lobbies, foyers) at the level of the first floor, less often - on other floors when the access control requirements for organizations located in the same building differ.

Specifics of lobby equipment

Conflicting regulatory requirements

The restriction on the use of access control systems in the lobbies (foyers, halls) of the first floors of educational organizations (schools, technical colleges, universities) is caused by a discrepancy (contradiction) in Part 7 of Art. 89 FZ-123 and clause 36 "a" of the "Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation" (PPR). It should be noted that the PPR is a normative legal act subject to mandatory application in accordance with Part 2 of Art. 4 of Federal Law-123, however, it does not fit into the system of technical regulation in accordance with Federal Law-184, since it contradicts Part 3 of Art. 7 of this Federal Law.

The requirements of clause 36 "a" of the "Fire Safety Rules" (FPR) are set out in a more general form and contradict the above, namely: "when operating evacuation routes, evacuation and emergency exits, it is prohibited: to arrange thresholds on evacuation routes (with the exception of thresholds in door openings), sliding and up-and-down doors and gates, revolving doors and turnstiles, as well as other devices that prevent the free evacuation of people." For buildings and structures in use, one should be guided by essentially similar requirements of clause 6.10 of SNiP 21-01-97: “Exits are not evacuation if sliding and up-and-down doors and gates are installed in their openings... revolving doors and turnstiles.” In this formulation, the concept of “escape route” is the main difference between PPR and FZ-123, which can practically make it impossible to use access control systems in buildings. This is confirmed by the concepts of Art. 2 FZ-123:

“Evacuation exit is an exit leading to an evacuation route, directly outside or to a safe zone” (for the first floor, according to paragraphs “c” and “e”, Part 3, Article 89 of the Federal Law-123, exits also include exits through the vestibule (foyer ), that is, through those premises where access control systems are most often installed);
“Evacuation route (escape route) is a path of movement and (or) movement of people leading directly outside or to a safe area, meeting the requirements for the safe evacuation of people in case of fire,” that is, the evacuation route in the form of a corresponding section may also include a vestibule (foyer ), where the ACS is installed).

At the same time, for buildings with MGN locations, including schools, in accordance with the requirements of clause 5.1.4 of SP 59.13330, entrance doors must have a clear width of at least 1.2 m, and according to clause 6.1.8 of the same SP " if there is control at the entrance, access control devices and turnstiles with a clear width of at least 1.0 m, adapted for the passage of disabled people in wheelchairs, should be used (obviously, this means installing access control systems in the entrance doors! - author's note). In addition to the turnstiles, a side passage should be provided to ensure the evacuation of disabled people in wheelchairs and other categories of people with disabilities. The width of the passage should be taken as calculated." It should be taken into account that this requirement is also subject to mandatory application from July 1, 2015, in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 26, 2014 No. 1521.

Solutions

To avoid controversial issues in the regions between public organizations and supervisory authorities, for operating school buildings, using the example of several standard building designs, preliminary solutions for installing access control systems (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) were proposed, and corresponding requirements were developed, which can be considered as an integral part of a set of necessary engineering, technical and organizational measures to ensure fire safety (KIM), which allow the measures regarding, for example, dismantling of access control systems contained in the order based on the results of the inspection (clause 48.1 of the Administrative Regulations, approved by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations) to be considered completed Russia dated June 28, 2012 No. 375 as amended by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated December 27, 2013 No. 844).

Proper installation of an access control system

at a distance of at least 1.5 m from the doorway of the entrance to the lobby, parallel to the plane of these doors, there should be a swing gate or an easily removable fence with a width of at least the width of the doorway of the entrance to the lobby, but not less than 1.2 m;
In addition to the turnstiles, there is a side passage to ensure the evacuation of people with disabilities in wheelchairs and other categories of people with disabilities. The width of the passage should be taken according to calculation (recommended at least 1.2 m in clearance);
carrying out calculations to assess fire risk with modeling of at least three fire scenarios to select the most dangerous of them;
AFS operating algorithm, when an addressable fire detector detects the presence of a controlled fire hazard (smoke) in the protected premises and transmits information to the system control panel, which generates a command signal to:
- activation of the warning system and management of evacuation of people in case of fire (not lower than type 3);
- turning on evacuation (emergency) lighting along evacuation routes;
- automatic or manual unlocking of technical means for the passage of people (turnstiles);
- automatic or manual unlocking of electromagnetic locks of staircase doors at the exits from the building to the outside, swing gates and (or) fastening points of easily removable sections of technical means of prohibiting (restricting) the passage of people (fences), which ensures the unhindered passage of evacuees through emergency exit openings, including entrance node of the vestibule (hall, foyer).