Human rights may be limited. Ways to restrict human rights. Principles of state legal support for restrictions on the rights and freedoms of man and citizen
This small city is one of the most beautiful places in Portugal, surpassing even the capital in its beauty. Its extraordinary castles, palaces and exotic parks are sung by poets. People come here for romance and vivid impressions.
Sintra – a flourishing suburb of Lisbon (photo: rschnaible)
Sintra is located 23 km from the Portuguese capital, near Cape Roca (Cabo da Roca) - the westernmost geographical point of Eurasia. The city is surrounded by the ridges of the Sierra de Sintra mountain range.
The climate of Sintra is humid and mild, not at all the same as in the neighboring capital: mountain peaks and ocean breezes soften the heat. The average July temperature is only +23°C, the January temperature is about +11°C. Coastal water warms up to an average of 18°C, but in hot weather the temperature can be higher. The high season here lasts from May to mid-October.
The history of the city began in the 9th century, when the first Moorish fortress appeared on the mountain hill. The city arose under Afonso the Great, who defeated the Arab citadel in 1147. The year 1154, when the Church of St. Peter appeared within the walls of the fortress, is considered the date of the founding of Sintra. The city was the summer residence of many generations of Portuguese monarchs in the 14th–20th centuries.
Sintra and the surrounding area are listed by UNESCO in the unique category of “cultural landscape”. The city is divided into the historical center of Sintra Vila, the station area - Estefania, and the São Pedro area, where Sunday markets are held.
Sintra attractions map
Cafe "Queijadas da Sapa"
Freedom Park
Arabic source
National Palace of Sintra or Village Palace
Church of Santa Maria
Pena Palace and Park
Chalet of Countess Edla
Seteash Palace
Sintra tram
Park and Palace of Montserrati
Praia das Macas beach
Village of Agenhas do Mar
Cape Rock
Mafra Palace
Palace of Queluz
National Palace of Sintra
Rustic Palace of Sintra (photo: John Lima)
The National Palace of Sintra or Village Palace (Palácio Nacional de Sintra or Palácio da Vila) stands in the Old Town, on Republic Square. It is considered the most recognizable symbol of Sintra - two conical chimneys rise above the ancient buildings. The kings of Portugal lived in this palace for four centuries.
Ticket prices for the National Palace of Sintra
Pena Palace and Park
The Pena Palace (Palácio Nacional da Pena) and its famous park (Parque da Repa) are the architectural treasures of Sintra. A single composition, which includes a mountain and a castle, a park with belvederes and a labyrinth of paths, fountains and chalets, is the most striking attraction of the city. Before the earthquake that destroyed many buildings in Sintra, there was a monastery here. Since 1838, construction of a castle began in its place in the spirit of knightly times, combining the features of neo-Gothic and neo-Manueline, neo-Moorish style and neo-Renaissance. The interiors of the palace are also decorated in an eclectic style. Pena Palace Park has become an inimitable example of landscape romantic architecture.
Ticket prices for Pena Palace and Park
*from 9:30 to 10:30 admission is €1 cheaper!
Ticket prices for Pena Park only
Castle of the Moors (Castelo dos Mouros) is a citadel of medieval Sintra, a fortress on a mountain, built in the 9th–10th centuries. The stone walls are well preserved, and the northern staircase leads up the ridge through a picturesque forest. The castle has been abandoned since the 16th century. In the 19th century, Fernando II restored part of the fortress complex in the “romantic ruins” style.
Ticket prices for the Castle of the Moors
Museum of Contemporary Art (MU.SA) (photo: Ana Docal)
The Museum of Modern Art in Sintra (Sintra Museu de Arte Moderna) is often called the museum of the Berardo collection. Works collected by Portuguese billionaire José Berardo make up a significant part of the collection. The museum is located in the Estefania district - in a former casino building built in 1920 in Art Nouveau style. Paintings and sculptures created from the beginning of the 20th century to the present are exhibited here. Arte Moderna also presents temporary exhibitions of works in the spirit of abstract art, surrealism, expressionism, and pop art.
Sintra Town Hall
City Hall (photo: Viagens e Férias)
Sintra Town Hall (Câmara Municipal) is located near the station. This is a beautiful light neo-Gothic building. It was built in 1906, according to the design of Bermundez. An elegant dome, lined with ceramics, rises above the houses of the northern part of the city. The municipal bay window is topped with a relief pediment, the second floor windows are decorated with spectacular cornices.
Cafe "Queijadas da Sapa"
Cafe Queijadas da Sapa (photo: IPAAT)
Cafe "Queijadas da Sapa" is located in the center of Sintra, at Volta do Duche, 12. For two centuries, the oldest confectionery in the city, founded in 1756, has been baking wonderful cakes from fresh cheese with cinnamon - "queijadas". Here you can have breakfast in the tea salon overlooking the luxurious Royal Palace, and buy a package of branded Queijadas to take with you.
Freedom Park
Freedom Park in Sintra (photo: Margarida Bico)
Freedom Park under the loud name Parque da Liberdade has existed in the city since 1937. This is a well-groomed exotic garden-reserve, in which more than four hundred species of plants grow and the alleys are decorated with figures of unprecedented colorful animals. The concert venue is built in the style of an ancient amphitheater. Tropical flora is planted in a greenhouse, and poultry lives near a small pond.
Arabic source
Arabian fountain (photo: Tiigra)
The Arabian fountain (source) (Fonte Mourisca) was built in a neo-Moorish spirit. This elegant structure, reminiscent of a grotto with a triple carved arch, stands on Volta do Duche street, not far from the station. The fountain pavilion was built by José da Fonseca in 1922.
News Museum (photo: Marcelo Biolchini dos Santos)
Temple of Our Lady of Sintra (photo: Tonton Esteban)
The Church of Santa Maria or the Temple of the Virgin Mary of Sintra (Igreja de Santa Maria) was built in the 13th century, in an old fortress - on the site of the first chapel founded by the will of Afonso the Great. The Gothic church with Renaissance elements was restored after the devastating earthquake of 1755. Today it is a functioning parish church. In its decoration, it is worth paying attention to the elegant coffered vaults, the font in the Manueline style, and the statue of the Virgin from the 17th century.
Chalet of Countess Edla
Countess Edla's Chalet (Chalet da Condessa D'Edla) is located at the western end of Pena Park. This beautiful building, decorated in an Alpine spirit, was built by Fernando II as a residence for his wife Alice Hensler. The chalet burned down in 1999, but was completely restored in 2011.
Ticket prices for Countess Edla's Chalet
Palace and park complex Quinta da Regaleira
Regaleira Palace (photo: maja8228)
Quinta da Regaleira is a neo-Gothic complex of palace and park architecture. Several generations of owners have made changes to the Regaleira estate. The greatest contribution to the current appearance of the complex was made by philanthropist Carvalho Monteiro, who bought the estate in 1892. A romantic palace and chapel, a multi-tiered park with elements of a landscape garden-reserve, grottoes and towers, tunnels and gazebos are full of symbols dedicated to the Templars, Masons, and alchemists. This is a bright, charming, mysterious place. The art of the architects here is intertwined with the richness of Sintra’s nature.
Palacio de Seteas
Hotel Tivoli Palacio de Seteais 5* (photo: dataflobe)
Palácio de Seteais is an aristocratic palace hotel set among lush landscaped gardens, near Regaleira. The snow-white neoclassical complex with arched gates was built in 1802 and restored in 2009. The original frescoes inside are preserved.
Neighborhoods of Sintra
Sintra tram
The Sintra tram (Eléctrico de Sintra) is also a kind of museum: two-axle cars, which are more than a hundred years old, run on a meter wide track, making eight stops along the way. The 13-kilometer line running from the city to the sea - to the resort of Praia das Maçãs, was built in 1904. There were periods when the movement ceased due to political problems and financial difficulties. Now the line has been completely restored, and eleven vintage carriages carry tourists.
The tram runs from Wednesday to Sunday and costs €3.
At the final station in Sintra, which is located next to the Museum of Modern Art (MU.SA), there is a small museum dedicated to the development of trams - Vila Alda - Casa do Eléctrico de Sintra. The main exhibition is located on the first floor. Top floor used for temporary exhibitions.
Palace of Montserrati
Palacio da Montserrati (photo: Andrea Aleni)
The Monserrati Palace (Palacio da Monserrate), built in the Moorish style, and its romantic garden, covering an area of 30 hectares, are located near the city: 4 km from Sintra. There is a circular bus number 435 from the railway station.
The park and palace were founded in 1790. The current appearance of the Montserratti Palace, with its striking neo-Moorish and neo-Gothic features, dates back to 1856 - work was carried out under the direction of James Nowells. The authors and performers of the landscape project are James Burt and William Stockdale. In the botanical palace garden, in thematic zones dedicated to different parts of the planet, 2000 species of plants are collected.
Ticket prices for the Palace of Montserrati
Capuchin Monastery (photo: manuel carnota)
The distance from the city center to the old monastery of the Holy Cross of the Sintra Mountains is about 10 km. Public transport doesn't go there. The Capuchin Monastery (Convento dos Capuchos) makes an amazing impression against the backdrop of the luxurious architecture of Sintra. It was built in the spirit of minimalism, in harmony with the surrounding mountain landscape. Destroyed residential and outbuildings stand on the slopes at different heights. The monastery was founded in 1560; Now it is abandoned, belongs to the state, and stands in ruins.
Ticket prices to the Capuchin Monastery
Praya dazh Masash
Makash Beach (photo: ademussey)
The famous "Apple" beach - Praia das Maçãs - is located next to the town of Colares, famous for the red wine from the "ramisco" grape. You can get to the beach from Sintra - along the narrow-gauge railway on a historical tram. You can also take bus No. 441. The spacious and long beach is protected from the wind by residential buildings and low hills. The entrance to the water is convenient, but the shore is covered with stones.
Village of Azenhas do Mar
The village of Azenhas Do Mar is a picturesque fishing village on a steep cliff. Below, under the rock wall, there is a fish restaurant called Restaurante Piscinas. Below it is a small beach with a pool that fills with ocean water at high tide. It takes 16 minutes by train to Azenhas, by Scotturb bus No. 440 or 441, and from Portela de Sintra - 20 minutes.
Cape Rock
The extreme point of continental Eurasia (photo: Vyacheslav Kotov)
Cape Roca (Cabo da Roca) is a place of attraction for many travelers, the extreme point of continental Eurasia (this is evidenced by the memorial cross mounted on a stone pedestal). You can take bus number 403 from Sintra: Cabo de Roca is located halfway from Cascais station, the distance is 18 km. The cape offers fantastic views of the Atlantic, mountain valleys and steep cliffs.
Mafra Palace
Mafra Palace Complex (photo: anabanasplit)
The Mafra Palace Complex (Palácio Nacional de Mafra) is a monumental object that constitutes the “glory of Portugal”, according to Lord Byron. The distance from Sintra to Mafra by road is 23 km, travel time is 27 minutes. Mafra is the largest royal palace in the country. It was built in 1730 and is in excellent condition. The Mafra buildings have 880 rooms; The palace complex is rectangular in plan, the length of its façade is 230 m.
Palace of Queluz
Palace complex of Queluz (photo: Marco)
Palace of Queluz (Palácio Nacional de Queluz) is a royal summer residence, built in 1742–67, with a French garden and park complex covering an area of 16 hectares. The palace complex is decorated in the Rococo style - for its luxury it is often compared to Versailles. Queluz is halfway to Lisbon. You can get to the palace by train (Queluz-Belas station), from there follow the sign for one and a half kilometers.
Ticket prices for Queluz Palace and Gardens
* From 15:30 to 18:00 €2 discount
Ticket prices are only for the gardens of the Palace of Queluz
Sintra Train Station (photo: Metro Centric)
It’s not far from Lisbon to Sintra: only 24 kilometers along the highway to the northwest, but there is no direct passenger bus.
You can get there by train from any convenient station in Lisbon, using the Cascais or Sintra railway lines. From the final station of Cascais you will have to go to the Cascais Terminal bus terminal and take routes No. 403, 417 or 418 to Sintra.
On the Lisbon-Sintra line, from Oriente station you will arrive directly into the city, at the Sintra terminus. Travel time is about 50 minutes.
How can I save up to 20% on hotels?
It’s very simple - look not only on booking. I prefer the search engine RoomGuru. He searches for discounts on Booking and 70 other booking sites simultaneously.
The city of Sintra is rightly considered best place in Portugal. Despite the amazing beauty of Lisbon, the largest number of tourists come here. The sights of Sintra are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and this already suggests that this city is worth the attention of an inquisitive tourist.
I stayed at a nice little hotel, the Sintra Boutique Hotel, which had an equally tiny parking lot where I left my car. For Sintra, parking is worth its weight in gold, keep in mind.
The hotel cost quite a bit, but at the same time such a pleasant fruity greeting awaited me in the room :)
I arrived in the evening, so I walked around the city twice. In the evening, looking for where to eat, and in the morning, with a cultural program. I don’t remember exactly now, but I found some fast food near the train station, I’ll show you the way there a little later. And the cultural program in the city itself is limited only to the National Palace of Sintra, where I immediately went.
The city of Sintra is a very pleasant provincial town located on the slope of the Sierra di Sintra mountain range. Therefore, sometimes it is not at all easy to get from point A to point B, even if on the map it seems that they are not far from each other.
The city attracts many tourists, but February is the low season for Portugal, although it is warm outside, like late spring. Tourist shops stand idle without customers.
On the streets you can see amazing artifacts, such as a British telephone booth, repainted white.
The National Palace does not make a strong impression from the outside; the only element that helps to recognize the palace is the two sharp conical towers sticking up.
But inside it is very beautiful and you can admire its luxurious interiors endlessly.
The first mention of a castle in the city of Sintra dates back to the 10th century. In those days, the castle was the residence of the Moorish rulers of the region. But in the 12th century, the city was captured by the Portuguese king Alfonso I. The castle was completed and rebuilt many times, and mostly buildings from the 15th and 16th centuries have reached us. The oldest thing that can be found here is a 13th century chapel.
Intricate vases in the shape of animal heads
Stunning ceilings with paintings in the "Hall of Swans"
Courtyard and two towers
Many rooms are decorated with famous Portuguese tiles.
A secretary with a bunch of drawers and secret compartments.
From the window of this corner room there is a beautiful view of the surrounding area of the castle.
In the middle of the photo you can see the pointed palace of Quinta da Regaleira, where I will go a little later.
In the old days, people also loved to collect 3D models, for example, a real Chinese pagoda.
A very colorful chest with massive locks
I was able to see how the restoration process was going. Clean, neat, professional.
Another view from the window. The second half of the city, where the town hall is located (you can see its clock tower in the photo) and the railway station. That's where I walked last night.
After visiting the palace, I decided to go there again, but this time in the light.
Along the way you can see many cute, but rather strange sculptures that enhance the already fabulous feeling of this city.
A horse-drawn carriage calmly passes by and it begins to seem that somewhere I accidentally passed through a time portal and found myself in the past.
Sintra Town Hall
I wouldn't mind living in a house like this
Cute cart with flowers. Lilliput went away on business.
Sintra is a very cozy place where I want to stay forever, but this is only a prelude to the amazing wonders and fabulous palaces that awaited me further. Unfortunately, I was not at all prepared for the trip and missed several places that should have been visited - Cape Roca and the old tram that runs from Sintra to the seashore. Don't miss your chance, be sure to check them out.
Well, I will tell you about the rest - the Pena Palace, the Moors' Castle, the Cappucin Monastery, the Quinta da Regaleira Palace and the Montserrat Palace - in the following stories.
This story is one of a series of stories about my road trip in Portugal in February 2013.
All photos can be viewed in a larger size, just click on any photo and view at your convenience.
From the inside - the most beautiful corner of Portugal, where romantic estates, fabulous landscapes, palaces and fortresses are collected in one place. The history of the city of Sintra begins in the 10th century, when the city was founded on the site of the fortress of the same name. The city itself is famous primarily for the National Palace, and in the surrounding areas there are the Pena Palace, the ruins of the Castle of the Moors, the park and palace of Montserrat and the Quinta da Regaleira estate.
1. Sintra has always served as the summer residence of kings. It's a few degrees cooler here than in Lisbon. The microclimate of Sintra is formed by the close ocean and the protection of mountain ranges, it is soft and humid, and the air is healing. It is not surprising that Sintra is home to so many rare plant species that cannot be found anywhere else in Portugal. 
2. National Palace of Sintra (Palácio Nacional de Sintra) is the result of the construction of King John I (XV century). The palace was also actively completed by his successors. The main attraction of the palace are the huge chimneys, which have become the symbol of Sintra. The pipes are 33 meters high. 
3. The palace is also famous for its halls. 
4.
5. The most luxurious hall is probably the Armory or Armorial Hall, created at the beginning of the 16th century. From this hall, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, as legend says, one could see fleets departing or arriving from India, Brazil or Africa. On the richly decorated wooden ceiling are 72 coats of arms of the king and the most important noble families of Portugal. 
6. Hall forty. So named in memory of one story: one day Queen Philippa’s servants found King Juan kissing one of the ladies-in-waiting. He explained to his wife that he did it without bad intent (“per bem” in Portuguese). But gossip spread throughout the palace and, as revenge, Juan ordered the ceiling of the hall to be decorated with 136 magpies, which is exactly how many servants the queen had. The birds carry in their beaks a legend with the inscription “per bem” and a rose, the symbol of the royal family of the wife. 
7. The Swan Hall is the largest in the palace. Associated with the engagement of one of the royals who turned 27 years old. 
8.
9. The level below is the Palace Chapel (Capela), founded by Don Dinis and decorated by Don Manuel I. 
10. To avoid the risk of fire, the Kitchen was built at a considerable distance from other rooms. 
11. The fire was lit right on the stone floor and huge pipes served as excellent ventilation. 
12.
13. Almost six centuries later, subject to all necessary safety conditions, official banquets are still served here to this day. The water in the palace kitchens still comes from the mountain. 
14. National Palace. View from the Castle of the Moors. 
15. Pena Palace (Palácio Nacional da Pena) - a palace in Portugal, located on a high cliff above Sintra and has a fantastic pseudo-medieval style. The entire composition of the mountain, the castle and the adjacent park with an area of 270 hectares is one of the early examples of romantic landscape architecture of the 19th century. 
16.
17. In the Middle Ages, on the site where the Pena Palace is now located, by the decision of King Manuel I, who worshiped the Order of the Cross, a monastery of the Order of St. Jerome was built, but the earthquake of 1755 turned the monastery into ruins. 
18. Be sure to walk up the beautiful park to the palace - you won’t regret it! 
19. The castle and park arose in 1840 as a royal summer residence on the site of a small abandoned Manueline-style monastery. The construction was organized by Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, husband of Queen Mary II of Portugal. He invested enormous amounts of money in this project, and work continued until his death in 1885. 
20. The first building - the Clock Tower is an exact copy of Big Ben, then the architect's fantasy game combines the romantic style, Gothic, Manueline and oriental elements of Arab and Indian architecture. 
21.
22.
23.
24. Pena Palace in the early 1890s inspired Russian millionaire Arseny Abramovich Morozov and architect Viktor Aleksandrovich Mazyrin to build a mansion on Vozdvizhenka in Moscow, known in Soviet times as the House of Friendship with Nations foreign countries, and now the Reception House of the Government of the Russian Federation. 
25. The exterior of the palace consists of many towers, ramparts, terraces, domes, minarets, and arches. 
26. Over time, the colors of the red and yellow facade faded, and for many years the palace looked completely gray. Towards the end of the 20th century, the palace was repainted and the original colors returned, causing the dismay of many Portuguese who were unaware that the palace had once been so colorful. 
27. In 1889 Pena was purchased by the Portuguese state, and after the Republican Revolution of 1910 it was classified as a national monument and converted into a museum. Portugal's last queen, Queen Amelia, spent her last night in the palace before leaving the country in exile
Since then, nothing has changed inside the palace. 
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38. The palace is surrounded by 200 hectares of park with exotic trees and plants from former Portuguese colonies. 
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49. The unique Portico window - Triton, which is made in the likeness of the famous window of the Templar Monastery in Tomar. 
50.
51.
52. King Consort Ferdinand paid special attention to the design of the park, in the design of which he took an active part, drawing inspiration from theatrical scenery and romantic landscape painting. 
53.
54. Pena Castle Park was created as a natural English park, which is like a continuation of the surrounding landscape. 
55. Many plants were prescribed for the park from all over the world - Lebanese cedars, Japanese cryptomerias, Brazilian araucarias. 
56.
57.
58.
59.
60. The Moorish castle in Sintra was built by the Arab conquerors of the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th - 9th centuries. The castle is a 5-minute walk from Pena. 
61.
62. In 1147, Sintra was finally recaptured and the castle became the property of the Portuguese. Having lost its significance as a fortification structure in the 16th century, the castle was abandoned and began to gradually collapse. Its walls and towers were partially restored in the 30s of the 19th century, when almost nothing remained of the castle. 
63.
64. The most valuable thing about the castle is the excellent view from the fortress walls. Everything else is a remake and decorations. View of Regaleira... 
65. ...and to the palace of Sintra... 
66. ...and to private palaces. 
67.
68.
The rights and freedoms granted to everyone by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and international legal acts are not unlimited. Human rights, which are the common property of mankind, should not be limited, however, in cases where this is necessary, the state must establish a clear justification, specific limits for introducing restrictions on rights and the purpose of possible derogations from those rights that are protected by international agreements.
Restrictions on fundamental rights and freedoms form a certain system and include:
- a) general restrictions. They concern the general constitutional legal status and determine the permissible limits of exceptions from fundamental rights and freedoms and the purposes to which such exceptions must be proportionate (Articles 55, 13, 19, 29, etc. of the Constitution of the Russian Federation);
- b) restrictions on fundamental rights in a state of emergency (Article 56 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, legislation on a state of emergency).
At the same time, the Constitution defines the limits of discretion of the legislator, therefore, the executive and judiciary, listing the rights and freedoms that are not subject to limitation (Part 3 of Article 56);
c) restrictions on fundamental rights and freedoms due to the peculiarities of the legal status individual categories citizens ( officials, military personnel, persons serving criminal penalty in places of deprivation of liberty, etc.) and their relations with the state. In the latter case, the limits of possible restrictions, as a rule, are not defined by the Constitution. They can be established by the legislator and must be justified by the nature of these relations, and verified by the court taking into account the unity of the Constitution and its application to all citizens, the need for the legislator to comply with the principle of proportionality of restrictions special status these categories of citizens.
International human rights treaties allow states parties to introduce legal norms, limiting the application of certain rights, as well as in the event of occurrence on their territory emergency circumstances retreat from fulfilling one's commitments international obligations for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms and suspend the operation of national legislation in this area.
Such measures are taken only to the extent necessary for the state in the interests of its security.
Rules that make it possible to limit the operation of certain human rights are introduced in order to establish a balance between the rights of individuals and the interests of society and the state as a whole, and also in cases where contradictions may arise between them.
Although restrictive human rights norms must be introduced in accordance with the Constitution federal laws, the legislation of some subjects of the Federation contains norms that limit human rights.
The greatest number of contradictions and inconsistencies in regional legislation concern such rights as:
- - equality of all before the law in the enjoyment of rights and freedoms (for example, the presence of unequal legal status, giving an advantage to citizens who belong to the “titular” nationality for a subject of the Federation in relation to other citizens in entrepreneurial activity, when registering acquired property and in other matters, or deprivation of certain benefits enjoyed by residents of a subject of the Federation for citizens of the country who are on the territory of this subject, but do not have permanent registration);
- - the right to free elections (in a number of republics, restrictions are allowed for candidates for the post of head of the republic and for its deputies legislature in the form of qualifications for republican citizenship, period of compulsory residence, knowledge of the language of the “titular nation” and other requirements);
- - the right to freedom of movement and choice of place of stay and residence within the Russian Federation (establishment of additional restrictions on registration in cities compared to federal legislation federal significance- Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as in others major cities countries, in a number of regions that have become centers of migration: Stavropol, Krasnodar Territories, etc.) and some other rights.