Look up to the flag and guy
This page uses materials from the book by A.N. Basov "History of Naval Flags", the book by V.A. Sokolov "Vexillological Guide to Flags" Russian Empire and the USSR", as well as letters from A.N. Basov.
The navy itself appeared in Russia only under Peter I. Naval flags, apparently, appeared on the training flotilla of Peter I on Lake Pereyaslavl. As you know, Peter’s passion for sailing began with an old English boat he found in N.I. Romanov’s barn. The repaired boat was tested by the tsar on the Yauza and Prosyan pond in the village of Izmailov, but they seemed too cramped to him. After which Peter transported the boat to Lake Pereyaslavl, where, under the leadership of master Karsten Brant and other foreign craftsmen, several “small” frigates and yachts were also made. The construction of the Pereyavlava flotilla was completed in 1692.
However, no objective information about the flags on Peter’s boat and on the ships of the Pereyaslav flotilla has been preserved. About them appearance(and even about the very existence of such flags) we can only guess...
In 1693, Peter I with several ships undertook a voyage along the Northern Dvina and the White Sea. Peter’s yacht even then had a white, blue and red striped flag with an eagle.
The next milestone in the history of the navy was the Azov Fleet, which began construction in the 1690s. In the “History of the Russian Fleet”, describing the campaign of the galleys of the Azov fleet of Peter I (1696), S. Elagin wrote the following about the flags: “The colors white, blue and red..... very likely used in the Pereyaslavl flotilla, fluttered on ships of the Azov Fleet. The actual name of the flag, although it appears occasionally in the description books, has not yet been adopted “The banner that is needed for the sea route: white, blue, red,” and “an ordinary banner” - this is the description of the flag left by the description books. books and documents of that time. In use, the flag was worn on the upper leg of the main yard; at anchor, or in case of mast removal... it was probably raised on the stern flagpole. The expression “raising the flag” did not exist: the “ensign,” whether it was a stern flag or a signal one, was “set up” and “lowered down.” It is not known whether there was a difference for the flagships; from the inventory books it is only clear that Lefort’s galley had a golden-headed flag with an eagle. On the vice admiral’s galley there is a banner on the foremast, a badge on the mainmast, a pennant on the mainmast, and another pennant on the foremast.”
Quote from “History of the Russian Fleet” by S. Elagin, St. Petersburg, 1864, ch. 1. p. 40.
The appearance of the first Russian naval flag is associated with the construction in 1669 of the first Russian warship "Eagle". According to surviving evidence, a flag was made for the “Eagle” in 1668, consisting of white, blue and red colors (and an equal amount of fabric of each color was required to make the flag), the exact arrangement of the colors is not known, Russian was ordered to be “written” on the flag state emblem (decree of Alexei Mikhailovich dated April 24, 1669).
I - Cross flag. Version by P. Belavenets
There are several reconstructions of this flag. According to one of the reconstructions (author P.I. Belavenets), the Eagle flag was divided by a blue cross into 2 red and 2 white fields according to the Streltsy model
Connected with the construction in 1669 of the first Russian warship "Eagle". According to surviving evidence, a flag was made for the “Eagle” in 1668, consisting of white, blue and red colors (and an equal amount of fabric of each color was required to make the flag), the exact arrangement of the colors is not known, Russian was ordered to be “written” on the flag state emblem. There are several reconstructions of this flag. According to one of the reconstructions (by P.I. Belavenets), the Eagle flag was divided by a blue cross into 2 red and 2 white fields according to the Streltsy pattern (similar flags are depicted in the engraving of Adrian Schonebeck “The Siege of Azov in 1696” (ca. 1700). A similar flag, along with other variants, is depicted in one of the first books about flags by the Dutchman Karl Alyard (1695) The publication date of Alyard’s book (1695) should not confuse the reader; at that time the books took a very long time to be printed, and corrections and additions were made during the printing process. In reality, this version of the flag could have appeared in the book no earlier than 1698.
Other historians believed that already on the “Eagle” a flag of three horizontal stripes appeared: white, blue and red. Probably, this idea was first expressed by naval historian F.F. Veselago
Peter I, carried away by the idea of creating a Russian fleet, himself studied maritime affairs, he sailed on a boat on Lake Pereyaslavl, Prosyanoy Pond in Izmailovo. Nowadays the boat of Peter I is kept in the Navy Museum. On the surviving engravings, the boat is depicted with the imperial standard on the mast and the flag of the admiral general on the stern.
According to the information of the historian P.I. Belavenets, on August 6, 1693, in Arkhangelsk, on the armed yacht “St. Peter”, Peter I used the striped white-blue-red “flag of the Tsar of Moscow” with a golden double-headed eagle on the middle stripe. In the book of flags by Carlus Alyard this flag was described as follows:
“The flag of His Royal Majesty of Moscow is divided into three, the upper stripe is white, the middle blue, the lower red. On the blue stripe, gold with the royal karuna, is crowned a double-headed eagle, having a red mark in the heart, with a silver Saint George without a serpent.”
Now this flag is kept in the Maritime Museum of St. Petersburg. He got there from Arkhangelsk, where he stayed for many years, having been presented by Peter I to Archbishop Athanasius of Arkhangelsk.
Some historians are inclined to believe that the white-blue-red flag was borrowed by Peter from Holland (the Dutch flag is almost the same, only the order of the stripes is different). Perhaps this is so. But, as we see, the use of white, blue and red colors on the flag was recorded under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Peter’s father, long before Peter Alekseevich’s Western European voyage. The "Dutch" version is also associated with the leader of the construction of the "Eagle", the Dutch captain O. Butler. He is credited with the idea of making the flag of a Russian ship modeled on the flags of his homeland.
In 1695, Peter I started a war with Turkey. This served as a powerful impetus for the creation of a navy. Many warships were built. Russian sailors penetrated into the Black Sea and then into the Baltic Sea.
In 1697, Peter I established new sample Russian naval flag, which consisted of horizontal white, blue, red stripes. In October-November 1699, the first versions of the St. Andrew's flag appeared. In 1699, when the ship "Fortress" set sail for Constantinople, Peter I, in instructions to the Russian envoy Emelyan Ukraintsev, drew a three-sheet flag with an oblique cross crossing it.
Peter I especially emphasized that he chose the St. Andrew’s flag in honor of St. Andrew the First-Called “for the sake of the fact that Russia received holy baptism from this apostle.” Additionally, according to Peter I, the St. Andrew's flag showed that Russia has access to four seas. It is very likely that Peter’s choice was influenced by the flag of Scotland he saw in Europe (blue with a white St. Andrew’s Cross). Saint Andrew was considered the patron saint of Scotland long before the introduction of his cult in Russia. The Scottish Order of St. Andrew is famous. Peter copied the order and perhaps decided to transfer the St. Andrew’s flag to Russian soil, only changing its colors.
In engravings with images of ships of that time you can see various options for transitional types of naval flags(some of them are possibly true, some are most likely an erroneous reconstruction of the engraver). For example, in the engraving depicting the ship Predistination, flags of 9 horizontal stripes are depicted on the bow, on the topmast and on the stern; white, blue and red (a similar practice was widespread in Holland). The frigate "Dumkart" is depicted with a "hybrid" flag - the St. Andrew's cross is framed at the top and bottom with stripes of national colors.
In the engraving with the image of "Poltava" flying at the stern of the ship white flag with the St. Andrew's cross, the ends of which do not reach the corners of the flag, on the topmast - the imperial standard. However, the engraving of “Poltava” raises certain criticisms. The fact is that on the bow of the ship there is a red flag with the St. Andrew's cross in the canton, and on the stern there is a flag with the St. Andrew's cross in the entire panel. This practice is highly questionable. In the Russian fleet, the huys (bow flag) first repeated the stern flag, and then a single huys was introduced. If there is a “colored” flag at the bow, then there must also be one at the stern. Apparently the author of the engraving somewhat “approximated” the information he had.
Story
The first report of the “Guys of the Prince of Orange” (Dutch. Prinsengeus) refers to the battle of the Gueuzes with the Spaniards near the town of Van Den Brille on April 1, 1572, when it became the first city liberated by the Gueuzes from the power of the Spaniards. What the first guy was like, no documentary data has been preserved, but in 1590 it was described as a cloth consisting of three horizontal equal stripes - orange, white and blue (in the ancestral colors of the House of Orange, from which Prince William I of Orange came), which it later became flag of the Netherlands
One of the most famous flags in history was the 1707 predecessor of the modern flag of Great Britain. In 1603, King James VI of Scotland inherited the throne of England and became King of England under the name James I. At the same time, the union between England and Scotland had the character of a personal union, and they remained independent states. On April 12, 1606, the flag of the union of England and Scotland was approved: the Scottish flag of St. Andrew (a white oblique cross on a blue cloth) was superimposed with a red straight cross with a white border from the English flag of St. George (a red straight cross on a white cloth). The flag was originally used as a stern ensign by both military and merchant ships of both countries. On May 5, 1634, King Charles I restricted the use of the Union ensign as a stern ensign only by the royal ship and this ensign was ordered to be used only by warships as a huys - hence its common name English. Union Jack("Union Jack") - "allied jack", while merchant ships were required to fly the stern flags of St. George (English) or St. Andrew (Scottish). In Scotland, a national version of the warship jack was somewhat widespread, on which the white oblique cross of St. Andrew was located on top of the red straight English cross of St. George. After the Act of Union was passed in 1707, uniting both kingdoms into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the united flag became the flag of the new state.
Civil guy
Usually the national flags of states are used in this capacity. In the world, only two countries have officially established the use of civilian jacks of a different design. These are the UK and the Bahamas, as shown below. In Sweden, regional flags are used in this capacity.
Initially, the bow flag in the form of a British flag with a wide white border was not positioned as a “civilian flag”. "Civil Jack" listen)) - this was a service flag introduced in 1823. A book published in 1855, intended for British consuls, states that such a flag is raised by a pilot. "pilot") on the vessel on which he carries out pilotage and in connection with this this flag received the name pilot guy- "Pilot jack"
In addition, in cases where it is permitted by national legislation, and also provided for by the rules of some shipping companies, flags of companies, home ports or other flags are sometimes officially used instead of a huys.
Guys in Russia
Story
It is assumed that the guis was established by Peter I after his visit to England during the Great Embassy in 1698, as a symbol of Russia’s military power at sea and on land (a straight white cross on a red background is the coloring of the banners of the ground forces, the blue St. Andrew’s cross is depicted on the military sea St. Andrew's flag), in the image and likeness of the warships of the union of England and Scotland in 1707. However, in contrast to the official Anglo-Scottish guis (on which the English red straight cross of St. George dominated over the oblique white Scottish oblique cross of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle), when creating the Russian guis, Peter I gave the leading role to the oblique cross of St. Andrew the Apostle, as on unofficial guis of Scottish warships of the union of England and Scotland. Peter I especially emphasized the role of St. Andrew the First-Called “for the sake of the fact that Russia received holy baptism from this apostle.” In addition, according to Peter I, the St. Andrew's Cross showed that Russia already had access to four seas at that time and therefore in the same 1698 he established the first Russian Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, the main figure of which was the blue oblique St. Andrew's Cross. The use of this type of flag as a bow flag has been confirmed since 1701.
In addition, almost immediately after the introduction of the huys in Russia as a ship's flag, it began to be used as a serf flag to designate sea (coastal) fortresses and fortifications (forts). The guy on the flagpole of Fort Kronstadt is already depicted in an engraving from 1704.
Guys of the Russian Empire Navy
The first Naval Regulations, approved by Peter I on January 15, 1720, prescribed that the Admiralty’s “last” (auxiliary) ships should have “huys like on military ships.”
In the First Maritime Charter, in the description of the register of the skipper's supplies (“ flags, pennants and flygils"mentioned" trade flag and guis" (besides " Keysers flag and guisa"), but there is no information about whether the huys of merchant ships differed from the huys of warships.
By decree of the All-Russian Empress Catherine II of September 23, 1770, it was determined:
“Our General Count Alexei Orlov, being in Our fleet in the Archipelago, had the need to take over the main command over it and use Our Kaiser flag... Respecting this incident, We deign to use this Kaiser flag, which he knew so well and happily use it, remained with him for the rest of his life, and so that he, being on our ships, could exhibit it when he judged ... "
In the above joint capacity - jack And serf flag- was used until 1913, when by the highest order of the All-Russian Emperor Nicholas II of December 7 (20), announced by the Minister of War, a new model of the fortress flag was approved (the state eagle was added to the center), which lasted until the February Revolution of 1917:
The fortress flag is red with a blue St. Andrew's cross bordered by white stripes and a white straight transverse cross.
In the middle of the flag, on both sides, it is sewn or painted State emblem, black, 7 feet high.
Flag dimensions: length 18 feet, width 9.5 feet; the width of the blue stripes forming the St. Andrew's Cross is 12 inches; the width of the white stripes bordering the St. Andrew's Cross is 6 inches; The width of the white stripes making up the vertical cross is 8 inches.
Guys of the USSR Navy
The flag of the fortress is a red cloth with a white vertical cross, on which is superimposed a blue diagonal cross edged with a white stripe.
The ratio of the width of the flag to the length is one to one and a half, the width of the blue stripe to the length of the flag is 1/10.
The ratio of the width of the white stripe of the vertical cross to the width of the panel is 1/20, the white border of the diagonal cross is 1/40.
In the Navy Russian Federation rises daily on the bow (on the forecastle) of ships (including on submarines), simultaneously with the stern flag, usually from 8 a.m. until sunset.
Guys of ships of the border services of the Russian Federation
On May 21, 1993, by Decree of the President of Russia No. 720, in connection with the formation of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation, a hull for ships of the border troops was approved:
The front of ships of the 1st and 2nd ranks of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation is a red panel with a white vertical cross, on which is superimposed a dark blue diagonal cross edged with a white stripe.
The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is one to one and a half, the width of the dark blue stripe to the width of the flag is 1/7, the width of the white stripe of the vertical cross to the width of the dark blue stripe of the diagonal cross is 1/2, the white border of the diagonal cross to the width of the dark blue stripes - 1/4.
On September 1, 2008, by Decree of the President of Russia No. 1278, in order to implement a unified public policy in the field of heraldry, preservation and development of historical traditions in the field of heraldry, a new rank of ships of 1st and 2nd ranks of the border authorities of the Russian Federation was approved:
A red rectangular panel crossed by a straight white cross and superimposed on it by a blue diagonal (St. Andrew's) cross with a white border.
The ratio of the width of the guy to its length is two to three. The ratio of the width of the ends of the diagonal cross to the length of the guy is one to ten. The ratio of the width of the ends of a straight cross to the width of the guy is one to twenty. The ratio of the width of the white border of the diagonal cross to the width of the diagonal cross is one to two.
The proportions and color of the diagonal cross began to correspond to the Naval flag of the Russian Federation, but unlike the Navy flag, the width of the white border of the diagonal cross is three times larger.
See also
- Naval flag of the RSFSR
Sources
- Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire (1649-1825) - St. Petersburg, Printing house of the II Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery, 1830 /PSZ RI (1649-1825)/.
- Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire Third collection. (1881-1913) - St. Petersburg, 1885 /PSZ RI (1881-1913)/.
Notes
- © Dictionaries and encyclopedias on Academician (website)
- D. Raskin "Russian Flag", Russian historical illustrated magazine "Motherland" No. 3, 1990.
- Resolution of the Government of Latvia dated August 10, 1922 “On Latvian state, trade, official and individual institution flags and flags of warships”
- “Classification of flags” © Russian Heraldic Chamber
- Christopher Southworth "The civil jack (Pilot jack)" 11 June 2004
- Resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated August 29, 1924 “On flags and pennants of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics”
- Resolution of the Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated July 7, 1932 “On amending the resolution of the Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated August 29, 1924 on flags and pennants USSR»
- Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers dated April 21, 1964 No. 334 “On the naval flags of the USSR”
- The ship charter of the Navy of the Russian Federation, put into effect by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy dated September 1, 2001 No. 350
- Seamanship Manual, 1951 - see "Pilots flag: United Kingdom / Anchor Ball and Pilot Jack" David Prothero, 3 September 2003 © FOTW Flags Of The World website
- “Flags of the military fleet of the Russian Empire (part 1). Jack". Last modified 1/17/2010 © Russian Center of Vexillology and Heraldry
- "Naval Jack (The Netherlands)/Dutch Naval Jack" Mark Sensen, 27 January 1996 © FOTW Flags Of The World website
- "Naval Jack (The Netherlands)/Dutch Naval Jack", Mark Sensen, 6 June 1998 © FOTW Flags Of The World website
- "Pilots flag: United Kingdom. The civil jack (Pilot jack)" © FOTW Flags Of The World website
- Albert A. Hopkins & A. Russell Bond "Scientific American Reference Book" Munn & Co., New York. 1905
- "Civil Jack (The Netherlands)/Geus voor pleziervaart (Nederland)" © FOTW Flags Of The World website
- "Civil Jack (The Netherlands)", Mark Sensen, 6 June 1998 and 8 June 1998 © FOTW Flags Of The World website
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Flags of the British Colony of Malta
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1898 - 1923
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1923 - 28.12. 1943
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28.12.1943 - 21.09.1964
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Flags of the British Governors of Malta
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1943 - 1964
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1964 - 1974 Flag of the Governor General
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Standard of Elizabeth II
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Guys Malta Navy
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- Guys (Dutch geus - flag) is a naval flag, as well as the flag of sea (seaside) fortresses and forts. It is hoisted daily on the bowsprit flagpole of ships of the 1st and 2nd ranks, exclusively during anchorage, together with the stern flag.
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USSR (1924-1932)
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The flag and fortress flag of the Russian Federation is a red panel with a white vertical cross, on which is superimposed a blue diagonal cross edged with a white stripe.
The ratio of the width of the flag to the length is one to one and a half, the width of the blue stripe to the length of the flag is 1/10.
The ratio of the width of the white stripe of the vertical cross to the width of the panel is 1/20, the white border of the diagonal cross is 1/40.
According to Article 628 of the Ship Charter of the Russian Navy:
“A jack raised on a ship means that the ship belongs to the 1st or 2nd rank. The guy rises on the guy rod while the ship is anchored (barrel, mooring lines). The Guys rises and falls simultaneously with the raising and lowering of the Naval Ensign.
Guys is also raised on the masts of coastal fireworks points during the production of fireworks."
In the Navy of the Russian Federation, it is raised daily on the bow (on the forecastle) of ships (including submarines), simultaneously with the stern flag, usually from 8 a.m. until sunset.
A separate jack has been approved for ships of the 1st and 2nd ranks of the border authorities of the Russian Federation. According to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 1, 2008 No. 1278, it is:
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A red rectangular panel crossed by a straight white cross and superimposed on it by a blue diagonal (St. Andrew's) cross with a white border.
The ratio of the width of the guy to its length is two to three. The ratio of the width of the ends of the diagonal cross to the length of the guy is one to ten. The ratio of the width of the ends of a straight cross to the width of the guy is one to twenty. The ratio of the width of the white border of the diagonal cross to the width of the diagonal cross is one to two.
So again: Flag of Malta
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And this is the banner of the Master of the Order of Malta.
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Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of the Knights Hospitaller of Saint John of Jerusalem, Rhodes and Malta
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If the serf flag is the flag of the Navy, then what rights did the revolutionaries fight for when organizing revolutions against serfdom? Oh, yes, from the rich... (insert necessary word) language there was no other definition, because serfdom, a serf flag and a fortress are two different things. Oh, it’s not for nothing that the Dane Dahl came up with this idea explanatory dictionaries: Well, without them both here and there. Why Dane? So everything is according to legend history
A red rectangular panel with an image of a white Scandinavian cross - a straight cross, the vertical cross of which is shifted to the pole edge of the panel, which in Denmark itself is called the Dannebrog, officially the oldest active state banner in Europe, if not in the world. Everyone probably knows the legend of its discovery, but I’ll repeat it just in case. The Danish knights, led by King Valdemar II the Victorious, committed crusade against the pagans - the Estonians. On June 15, 1219, when a Danish detachment was on Toompea Hill (now part of the Upper Town of Tallinn), Estonian detachments attacked the Danish army - this attack was so unexpected that part of the Danish detachments began to retreat. Then the bishops climbed the hill and cried out to God for help.
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Suddenly, a large red banner with a straight white cross descended from the sky. Confident in God's sign, the Danes took heart and defeated the pagans. Since then, this banner has been used, which in turn became the progenitor of all other Scandinavian standards. The place where the Dannebrog was found can still be visited now - it is located in the Danish King’s Garden in Tallinn in the shadow of the Great Herman Tower, and the iron knight points his finger at it. http://id77.livejournal.com/50887.html
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Here, white and red, they want to say
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Do you know how you reveal your essence? And these flowers:
Among sailors, a knitted undershirt with transverse white and blue stripes, commonly called a vest, is a particularly favorite garment. The vest got its name due to the fact that it is worn on a naked body.
What did the vest look like before, what are the stripes and what does their color mean?
History of the vest
The vest appeared during the heyday of the sailing fleet in Brittany (France), presumably in the 17th century.
The vests had a boat neckline and three-quarter sleeves and were white with dark blue stripes. In Europe at that time, striped clothes were worn by social outcasts and professional executioners. But for Breton sailors, according to one version, a vest was considered lucky clothing for sea voyages.
In Russia, the tradition of wearing vests began to take shape, according to some sources, in 1862, according to others, in 1866. Instead of narrow jackets with uncomfortable stand-up collars, Russian sailors began to wear comfortable flannel Dutch shirts with a cutout on the chest. Under the shirt, an undershirt was worn - a vest.
At first, vests were issued only to participants of long-distance hikes and were a source of special pride. As one of the reports of that time says: “lower ranks... mainly wore them on Sundays and holidays during shore leave... and in all cases when it was necessary to be smartly dressed...". The vest was finally established as part of the uniform by an order signed on August 19, 1874 by Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich. This day can be considered the birthday of the Russian vest.
The vest has a great advantage over other underwear shirts. Fitted tightly to the body, it does not interfere with free movement during work, retains heat well, is convenient to wash, and dries quickly in the wind.
This type of light sea clothing has not lost its importance today, although sailors now rarely have to climb the shrouds. Over time, the vest came into use in other branches of the military, although in few places it is an official part of the uniform. However, this item of clothing is used both in the ground forces and even in the police.
Why is the vest striped and what does the color of the stripes mean?
The blue and white transverse stripes of the vests corresponded to the colors of the Russian naval St. Andrew's flag. In addition, sailors dressed in such shirts were clearly visible from the deck against the background of the sky, sea and sails.
The tradition of making stripes multi-colored was strengthened in the 19th century - the color determined whether a sailor belonged to a particular flotilla. After the collapse of the USSR, the colors of the vest stripes were “distributed” among the various branches of the military.
What does the color of the stripes on the vest mean:
black: submarine forces and marines;
cornflower blue: presidential regiment and FSB special forces;
light green: border troops;
light blue: Airborne Forces;
maroon: Ministry of Internal Affairs;
orange: Ministry of Emergency Situations.
What is guy?
In the navy, a guy is called a collar that is tied over the uniform. The real meaning of the word "geus" (from the Dutch geus - "flag") is a naval flag. The flag is raised daily on the bow of ships of the 1st and 2nd ranks during anchorage from 8 a.m. to sunset.
The history of the appearance of the guy is quite prosaic. In the Middle Ages in Europe, men wore long hair or wigs, and sailors wore their hair in ponytails and braids. To protect against lice, hair was smeared with tar. To prevent tar from staining their clothes, the sailors covered their shoulders and back with a protective leather collar, which could be easily wiped clean from dirt.
Over time, the leather collar was replaced with a fabric one. Long hairstyles are a thing of the past, but the tradition of wearing a collar remains. In addition, after the abolition of wigs, a square cloth collar was used for insulation - in cold windy weather it was tucked under clothes.
Why are there three stripes on the butt?
There are several versions of the origin of the three stripes on the butt. According to one of them, three stripes symbolize three major victories of the Russian fleet:
at Gangut in 1714;
at Chesma in 1770;
at Sinop in 1853.
It should be noted that sailors from other countries also have stripes on their butts, the origin of which is explained in a similar way. Most likely, this repetition occurred as a result of borrowing the form and legend. It is not known for certain who first invented stripes.
According to another legend, the founder of the Russian fleet, Peter I, had three squadrons. The first squadron had one white stripe on its collar. The second has two stripes, and the third, especially close to Peter, has three stripes. Thus, the three stripes began to mean that the naval guard was especially close to Peter. (